流程操作

Routing 9-,*,Unit 9,:,流,程,Routing,Lesson 1:,流,程:概況,Routing:Overview,什么是流程?,What is a Routing?,流,程指的是一個生產操作表,它描述了制造一種產,品的生產工藝.它定義了一個生產操作執行的順序.,A routing is a list of manufacturing operations,which describes,the manufacturing process used to produce a product.It defines,the sequence in which the operations are performed,一個流程包括:序號,操作號,操作說明,工作中心號,及制造所需時間.,A routing consists of:the sequence no.,the operation no.,the,operation description,the work center no.,and the time required,for production.,順序號和操作號,The Sequence&Operation Numbers,順序號決定操作的工藝順序.它可以和操作號相同.,如果不使用順序號,操作號應按數字順序安排.,The sequence number defines the sequence in which the mfg.,operations take place.It could be the same as the operation no.,1,Ifsequencenumbersarenotused,theoperationnumbersshould,beassignedinnumericalorder.,操作,說,說明,TheOperationDescription,操作,說,說明,是,是對,生,生產,操,操作,的,的簡,略,略描,述,述.,它,它不,取,取代,詳,詳細,的,的,制造,工,工作,指,指示.,Theoperationdescriptiongivesabriefdescriptionofthe,operationtobeperformed.Itisnotintendedtotaketheplaceof,detailedmanufacturinginstructions.,工作,中,中心,WorkCenter,工作,中,中心,是,是指,用,用于,完,完成,產,產品,工,工藝,的,的機,器,器,機,機器,群,群組,或,或生,產,產,資,資源,的,的名,稱,稱代,號,號.,工,工作,中,中心,可,可以,制,制訂,得,得非,常,常詳,細,細或,廣,廣泛,這,取,取決,于,于公,司,司的,生,生產,需,需要.,Theworkcenteristhenameofmachine,groupofmachines,ormfg.usedtocompletethemanufacturingprocess.Workcenterscanbeverydetailedorsomewhatbroadindefinition,dependingoncompanyrequirements.,生,產,產,所,所,需,需,時,時,間,間,TimeRequiredForProduction,生,產,產,所,所,需,需,時,時,間,間,指,指,的,的,是,是,生,生,產,產,一,一,個,個,樣,樣,品,品,所,所,需,需,要,要,的,的,時,時,間,間,它,它,由,由,以,以,下,下,幾,幾,部,部,分,分,組,組,成,成:,Thetermreferstohowlongittakestomakeonepiece.Itcanbestatedintermsof:,裝,置,置,時,時,間,間-,用,用,于,于,裝,裝,備,備,機,機,器,器,所,所,需,需,的,的,時,時,間,間.,SetupTime,Thetimeneededtosetupandpreparethemachinetodothework.,運行時,間,間-,生,生產,一,一件樣,品,品所需,的,的時間.,2,RunTime,Thetime it takes to produceone piece.,裝置時,間,間和運,行,行時間,應,應考慮,周,周到地,保,保存在,每,每一操,作,作的流,程,程文件,之,之中,而,而且一,般,般上占,總,總生產,交,交期時,間,間的1020%,Setupandrun times aremaintained discreetlywithinthe routingfileforeachoperationand typicallymake up about 10-20 percentoftotalmanufacturinglead time.,等待時,間,間-,指,指的,是,是材料,的,的轉運,倉存,和工,作中心,等,等待所,需,需的時,間,間.,QueueTime The timethe material,spendsintransit,storage,andateachworkcenter waitingtobeworked on.,等待時,間,間隨工,廠,廠布局,制造,工,工藝和,排,排期作,業,業而定.等,待,待時間,是,是一個,非,非制造,時,時間,在,在大多,數,數公司,據統,計,計等待,時,時間占,到,到總生,產,產時間,的,的80%90%.,我,我們的,目,目標是,盡,盡可能,減,減少甚,至,至消除,等,等待時,間,間以降,低,低成本.等待,時,時間是,一,一種額,外,外的成,本,本,它,不,不能增,加,加產品,的,的價值.,Queuetime is afunctionofplantlayout,themanufacturingprocess,andthe schedulingprocess.Queuetimeisnon-productiveinthe manufacturingprocess.Inmostcompanies,it accounts forabout80-90%of thetotalmanufacturing time.Thegoal is to reducequeuetime to as lowa value as possible,oreven eliminateit.Queueisanaddedcost.Itaddsnovaluetotheproduct.,如何使,用,用流程,HowARouting Is Used,流程由,工,工程部,門,門開發,并,并應用,于,于公司,內,內很多,部,部門:,Routing aredevelopedbyEngineeringand areused in manydepartmentswithin acompany:,工程部-,制,制訂開,發,發新零,件,件的生,產,產工藝.,Engineering,To developmfg.processesfor newitems.,3,生產-正,確,確地生,產,產每種,產,產品,Manufacturing Tocorrectly produceeachproduct.,車間控制-,跟,跟蹤生產制,造,造過程,Shop Floor Control,Tokeep track of thesequence ofproduction,成本核算-確定生,產,產一件產品,的,的實際成本.,CostAccounting,Todeterminetheactualcostto produceaproduct.,流程的用處,Routing Uses:,確定生產程,序,序的流程也,有,有如下的用,處,處:,The routing along with defining themanufacturing processes to,be performed,has severalother uses:,1.控制點/發貨點,Pointof Control/Dispatching,依據由工作,中,中心/流程,文,文件和工作,中,中心資料,可,可以制,定,定一個日排,期,期表或者工,作,作中心優先,發,發貨單.,工,工廠或部門,管,管理人員可,利,利用此排期,表,表去決定工,作,作的優先順,序,序.,Fromthe work center/routing file alongwithworkcenter information,a daily schedule orworkcenter prioritydispatchlistmay be created.Thisscheduleis utilized bythe factory orareasupervisorregardingworkpriorities.,財務方面-,計,計算產品的標準,成,成本.,Finance,To calculate the standardcost of the product.,生產控制/物料-確定如何,安,安排生產程序.,Production Control/Material,To determinehow toschedule,the manufacturing processes,4,工作中心優先調,度,度表,Work Center PriorityDispatch List,2.制訂排期,Scheduling,標準時間的總和,就,就成了交貨周期.此交貨周期可,用,用于以時間為基,準,準的排期.,Time standardsare rolled upinto lead times toused intime-phased scheduling.,日期,Date:6-30-x,3.成本,Costing,不論使用標準的,實際的或是當,前,前的成本系統,時,時間標,準提供了生產零,件,件的成本數據的,基,基準點(典範借,鑒,鑒).,Whetherstandard,actual orcurrentcost system is used,time,standards provide benchmarkcostingdata for themanufactured,item.,5,流程,文件,生產零件編號,總的等候,時間,總的計劃,時間,總的運行,時間,零件總表文件,生產零件編號,零件等待,時間,零件備機,時間,零件運行,時間,產品成本文件,生產零件編號,額外的,費用,裝 置,費 用,運 行,費 用,生產交期,積累模塊,產品成本,積累模塊,流程,文件對產品成本,的,的影響,RoutingFile Influence On Product Cost,Routingfile,Mfg.Item,No.,Queue Time,Summary,Setup Time,Summary,Run Time,Summary,Item Master File,Mfg.Item No.,Item Queue,Time,Item Setup,Time,Item Run,Time,Lead,Time,Roll up,Utility,ProductCost File,Mfg.Item No.,Overhead,Cost,Setup,Cost,Run,Cost,Product,Cost,Roll up,Utility,6,4.產能計劃,Capacity Planning,操作順序,時間標準和工作中心資料可以制定產能計劃(粗略的和詳細的).典型的報告包括所需的工作中心或機器的產能.,流程,文件對產能計劃的影響,Routing File Influence On Capacity Planning,流,程文件,生產零件編號,零件總表文件,生產零件編號,總排期和,物料計劃程序,操作順序,計劃和,運行時間,零件交貨,周期,排期報告,工作中心,產能報告,工作中心,發送報告,The operatio