社会学导论(英文)课件

,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Introduction,to Sociology,Henry L.Tischler,Prepared by Charles E.Faupel,Introduction to SociologyHenr,1,Chapter 1:,The Sociological Perspective,Chapter 1:The Sociological Per,2,What to Expect in This Chapter.,Defining the Sociological Perspective,The Sociological Imagination,Sociology and Common Sense,Sociology and Science,Sociology and the Social Sciences,The Development of Sociology,Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology,What to Expect in This Chapter,3,Personal experience Awareness of friends Systematic study,with drug use and associates patterns of a random,of drug use sample of drug,users,Defining the Sociological Perspective,“Sociology is the scientific study of human society and social interactions.”,What makes sociology“scientific?”,Levels of Understanding Drug Use,Defining the Sociological Pers,4,The Sociological Imagination,C.Wright Mills coined the term“sociological imagination”to refer to,“.,the vivid awareness of the relationship between private experience and the wider society.”,C.Wright Mills,The Sociological ImaginationC.,5,Sociology and Common Sense,Common sense assumptions are usually based on very limited observation.,Moreover,the premises on which common sense assumptions are seldom examined.,Sociology seeks to:,use a broad range of carefully selected observations;and,theoretically understand and explain those observations.,While sociological research might confirm common sense observation,its broader base and theoretical rational provide a stronger basis for conclusions.,Sociology and Common SenseComm,6,The Scientific Method,Sociology and Science,Science is,“.a body of systematically arranged knowledge that shows the operation of general laws.”,As a science,sociology employs the,scientific method,Formulate hypotheses,Choose research design,Gather Data,Analyze Data,Review of literature,The Scientific MethodSociology,7,Sociology and the Social Sciences,Psychology,Cultural Anthropology,Economics,History,Political Science,Social Work,Sociology and the Social Scien,8,The Development of Sociology,Sociology emerged as a separate discipline in the nineteenth century,This was a time of great social upheaval due largely to the French and Industrial Revolutions,Several early sociologists shaped the direction of the discipline,The Development of SociologySo,9,Auguste Comte(1798-1857),Responsible for coining the term“sociology”,Set out to develop the“science of man”that would be based on empirical observation,Focused on two aspects of society:,Social Statics,forces which produce order and stability,Social Dynamics,forces which contribute to social change,Auguste Comte(1798-1857)Respo,10,Harriet Martineau(1802-1876),Authored one of the earliest analyses of culture and life in the United States entitled,Theory and Practice of Society in America,Translated Comtes,Positive Philosophy,into English,Harriet Martineau,Harriet Martineau(1802-1876)A,11,Herbert Spencer(1820-1903),Authored the first sociology text,Principles of Sociology,Most well known for proposing a doctrine called“Social Darwinism”,Suggested that people who could not compete were poorly adapted to the environment and inferior,This is an idea commonly called,survival of the fittest,Herbert Spencer(1820-1903)Aut,12,Karl Marx(1818-1883),Marx is the father of,conflict,theory,Saw human history in a continual state of conflict between two major classes:,Bourgeoisie,owners of the means of production(capitalists),Proletariat,the workers,Predicted that revolution would occur producing first a socialist state,followed by a communist society,Karl Marx(1818-1883)Marx is t,13,Emile Durkheim(1858-1917),Durkheim moved sociology fully into the realm of an empirical science,Most well known empirical study is called,Suicide,where he looks at the social causes of suicide,Generally regarded as the founder of,functionalist theory,Emile Durkheim,Emile Durkheim(1858-1917)Durk,14,Max Weber(1864-1920),Much of Webers work was a critique or clarification of Marx,His most famous work,The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism,directly challenged Marxs ideas on the role of religion in society,Weber was also interested in bureaucracies and the process of rationalization in society,Max Weber(1864-1920)Much of W,15,The Development of Sociology in the United States,American sociology had its beginnings at the University of Chicago in the early 20,th,century,The early emphasis was on empirical study of communities and neighborhoods,Later,East Coast schools such as Columbia and Harvard Universities began sociology departments,producing scholars such as W.E.B.Dubois,Talcott Parsons,and Robert Merton,Home page of the University of the Chicago Sociology Dept,The Development of Sociology i,16,Theoretical Perspectives:Functionalism,Functionalism sees society as a system of highly interrelated parts that work together harmoniously,The image that functionalis