2022届新高考英语冲刺复习介词与介词短语ppt课件

,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,2022,届新高考英语冲刺精品复习,介词与介词短语,2022届新高考英语冲刺精品复习介词与介词短语,1,at,一般指在较小的地方,at school at home,in,一般指在较大的地方或在某一范围内,Shandong Province lies,in,the east of China.,山东省位于中国东部。,on,一般指在物体的表面或相邻并接壤的两个地域,The picture is hanging on the wall.,这幅画挂在墙上。,to,表示某范围外不接壤的两个位置,Jiangsu Province is,to,the southeast of Hebei Province.,江苏省在河北省的东南部。,beside/by,表示“在,的旁边”,She was standing,beside,her mother.,她站在她母亲旁边。,near,表示“接近,;,靠近”,There is a supermarket,near,my home.,我家附近有一家超市。,1.,表示方位的,at,、,in,、,on,、,to,、,beside/by,和,near,1.表示方位的at、in、on、to、beside/by和n,2,2.,表示方位的,between,和,amongacross,、,through,、,over,和,past,between,在两者或每两者之间,among,在三者或三者以上之间,across,从,的表面穿过,through,从,的内部穿过,over,从,的上面跨过,past,从,的旁边经过,He walked,across,the square to meet us.,他走过广场来迎接我们。,The thief jumped,over,the fence and fled away.,小偷跳过篱笆逃走了。,2.表示方位的between 和amongacross、t,3,at,表示在某个时间点、时刻或重大节日,at9:00;atnoon; atdaybreak; atChristmas,in,表示在某个较长的时间段内,如世纪、朝代或年月,;,泛指的上午、下午、傍晚,inthe21stcentury; inSeptember; inthemorning,on,表示在具体某一天或具体某一天的上午、下午、晚上,on2nd,September;onthemorningof1st,May,3.,表示时间点的,at,、,in,和,on,at表示在某个时间点、时刻或重大节日at9:00;at,4,4.,表示时间段的,for,和,since,for,“for+,时间段”意为“多长时间”,表示动作持续的时间长短,一般作完成时、过去时或将来时的时间状语,since,“since+,时间点”意为“自从,(,过去某时,),以来”,一般作完成时的时间状语,4.表示时间段的for和 sincefor “for+时,5,5.,表示交通方式的,by,、,in,和,on,表示“用,”,的,by,、,in,和,with,by,“ by+,名词”表示交通方式时,名词前不加冠词,in/on,in/on,后的名词必须有冠词或代词等修饰,by,指“靠,手段,;,用,方法,;,凭借,”,后可接名词、代词或动名词,in,多用于表示语言、材料的名词前,with,多用于表示有形的工具或身体器官的名词前,5.表示交通方式的by、in和on 表示“用”的b,6,6.,表示“除,外”的,except,、,except for,和,besides,except,表示“除,之外,(,其他的都,)”,其后的宾语是被排除在外的,侧重同类事物的排除,exceptfor,其后被排除的内容与主语往往不是同一类的,besides,表示“除,之外,(,其他的也,)”,其后的宾语是被包括在内的,6.表示“除外”的except、except for,7,7.,其他常考介词的用法,(1)against,的用法,(,表示态度,),反对,An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are,against,it. (,达成,),协议似乎是不可能的,因为大多数委员都反对。,(,表示对比,),以,为背景,The skiers red clothes stood out clearly,against,the snow.,滑雪者的红色衣服在雪的衬托下很醒目。,(,表示方位,),倚靠着,The girl was leaning,against,the wall with her arms folded.,那个女孩双臂交叉着靠在墙上。,7.其他常考介词的用法(1)against的用法,8,(2)beyond,的用法,(,表示位置,),在,另一边,;,在,更远处,The small village is 20 miles beyond the town.,这个小村庄离城镇,20,英里。,(,表示程度,),超出,;,非,所能及,To be acknowledged as the first to receive this honor is beyond expression for me.,被认为是第一个获得这个荣誉的人,这对我来说是无法用语言表达的。,(2)beyond的用法,9,(3)over,的用法,(,表示方位,),越过,fly over the mountains,飞过群山,(,表示等级或数目,),高于,;,在,之上,;,超过,He has got the job because he has the advantage over others of knowing many languages.,他得到这份工作是因为与其他人相比,他有一个优势,懂得多种语言。,(,表示时间或过程,),在,期间,over the past couple of weeks.,过去几个星期,(3)over的用法,10,(4)to,的用法,(,表示方向、距离,),到,;,向,;,去,on the way to the railway station.,在去火车站的路上。,(,表示时间,),到,为止,;,到,at a quarter to six every morning.,他每天早上五点四十五醒来。,(,表示比较、比例、参照,),与,相比,;,相对于,而言,I prefer oranges to apples.,与苹果相比,我更喜欢橘子。,(,表示对象关系,),属于,;,对,;,给,The hospital is attached to the university.,这个医院附属于那所大学。,达到,(,某一点或某个限度,),The temperature dropped to 25 degrees below zero.,气温降到了零下,25,度。,(4)to的用法,11,(5)under,的用法,在,下面,;,在,之下,under the window.,在窗户下面,在,过程中,under discussion.,在讨论中,(,数字、数量、年龄或价格,),低于,;,少于,;,在,以下,children under five.,五岁以下的儿童,受,影响,Shes been under a lot of pressure at work.,她工作压力很大。,(5)under的用法,12,常考介词短语,1.,介词与名词的常用搭配,(1)“at+n.”,表示状态,at a loss,不知所措,at breakfast,早餐时,at peace,处于和平状态,at rest,静止,;,休息,;,长眠,at sea,在海上,;,茫然,at war,在战争中,常考介词短语1.介词与名词的常用搭配,13,(2)“at+n.”,表示时间,at Christmas,在圣诞节,at dusk,在黄昏,at dawn,在黎明,at daybreak,在拂晓,at midnight,在午夜,at night,在夜里,at noon,在正午,at present,目前,(3),以,at,开头的短语,at the beginning of,在,的开始,at the cost of,以,为代价,at the end of,在,的尽头,at the foot of,在,脚下,(2)“at+n.” 表示时间,14,(4)“on+n.”,表示状态,on line,在线的,on sale,出售,;,打折出售,on show,在展出,on the decrease,在减少,on the increase,在增加,on the way,在途中,on trial,在受审,(5),以,on,开头的短语,on account of,因为,on behalf of,代表,on condition that,在,的条件下,on no account/condition,绝不,on the basis of,以,为基础,on the occasion of,在,时,(4)“on+n.” 表示状态,15,(6)“by+n.”,表示方式,by accident,偶然,by air/plane,乘飞机,by chance,偶然,by coincidence,碰巧,by force,用暴力,by hand,用手工,by mistake,错误地,by the day,按天算,by nature,天生地,by radio,通过收音机,(6)“by+n.” 表示方式,16,(7)“in+n.”,表示方式,in cash,用现金付款,in width,在宽度上,in depth,在深度上,in detail,详细地,in English,用英语,in height,在海拔上,in length,在长度上,in ink,用墨水,in shape,在外形上,in size,在大小上,(7)“in+n.” 表示方式,17,(8)“in+n.”,表示状态,in anger,生气地,in battle,在战斗中,in secret,秘密地,in comfort,舒适地,in danger,处于危险中,in debt,负债,in delight,高兴地,in despair,绝望,in need,需要,in order,按次序,;,井然有序,in peace,平静地,;,平安地,in practice,在实践中,in print,已出版,in public,公开地,in rags,穿着破烂,in ruins,成为废墟,(8)“in+n.” 表示状态,18,(9),以,in,开头的短语,in the face of,面对,in addition to,另外,in need of,需要,in no case,绝不,in no time,立刻,in support of,支持,in respect of,关于,in response to,作为回应,in return,作为回报,in spite of,尽管,(9)以in开头的短语,19,(10)“of+n.”,表示特征,(,相当于形容词,),of benefit,有益处的,(=beneficial),of help,有帮助的,(=helpful),of importance,重要的,(=important),of interest,有趣的,(=interesting),of significance,有意义的,(=significant),of use,有用的,(=useful),(10)“of+n.”表示特征(相当于形容词),20,(11)“out of+n.”,表示状态,out of danger,脱离危险,out of date,过期,out of debt,不欠债,out of fashion,不流行,out of luck,不走运,out of mind,心不在焉,out of office,不在职,out of order,出故障,;,杂乱无章,out of patience,不耐烦,out of season,过季,out of shape,走样,;,不成形,out of sight,看不到,out of trouble,摆脱困难,out of work,失业,(11)“out of+n.” 表示状态,21,(12)“under+n.”,表示被动,under attack,遭到袭击,under discussion,在讨论中,under pressure,在压力下,under repair,在修理中,under treatment,在治疗中,(12)“under+n.” 表示被动,22,(13)“with+n.”,表示状态,with anger,生气地,with confidence,有信心地,with courage,英勇地,with delight/joy,高兴地,with difficulty,困难地,with fear,害怕地,with interest,有兴趣地,with pleasure,乐意地,with pride,骄傲地,with satisfaction,满意地,(13)“with+n.” 表示状态,23,(14)“beyond+n.”,表示“超出,;,难以,”,beyond compare,无与伦比,beyond comprehension,难以理解,beyond control,失控,beyond description,难以描述,beyond doubt,不用怀疑,;,确实,beyond expression,难以表达,(14)“beyond+n.” 表示“超出;难以”,24,2.,形容词与介词的常用搭配,(1)adj. +about,be anxious about,忧虑,be careful about,小心,be concerned about,担心,be curious about,对,好奇,(2)adj. +at,be angry at,恼怒于,be astonished at,对,吃惊,be bad at,不擅长,be delighted at,因,而高兴,(3)adj. +in,be absorbed in,专注于,be active in,积极参与,be confident in,对,有信心,be diligent in,勤于,be dressed in,穿着,be engaged in,忙于,2.形容词与介词的常用搭配,25,(4)adj. +for,be anxious for,渴望,be eager for,渴望,be famous for,以,著名,be fit for,适合,;,胜任,be good for,对,有益,(5)adj. +from,be absent from,缺席,be different from,不同于,be far from,远离,be free from,免于,be safe from,免受,的伤害,(4)adj. +for,26,(6)adj. +to,be close to,接近,be contrary to,与,相反,be devoted to,致力于,be equal to,等于,be fair to,对,公平,be familiar to,为,所熟悉,be friendly to,对,友好,be good to,对,好,be grateful to,对,心存感激,be harmful to,对,有危害,(6)adj. +to,27,语法填空中的介词高考,1.,课标全国,Modern methods,tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s,and are expensive to perform consistently over a large area.,2.,课标全国,We were first greeted with the barking by a pack,dogs, seven to be exact.,3.,浙江高考,The answer,this question is not clear.,语法填空中的介词高考,28,4.,课标全国,It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they traveled to and_ work.,5.,天津高考,We offer an excellent education to our students.,return, we expect students to work hard.,6.,江苏高考,Determining where we are in relation,our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.,4.课标全国It ran for just under,29,7.,浙江高考,That young man is honest, cooperative, always there when you need his help.,short, hes reliable.,8.,浙江高考, These comments came in response,specific questions often asked by local newsmen.,9.,浙江高考,Have you ever heard of the trees that are home,animals both on land and sea?,7.浙江高考That young man is hone,30,答案解析,1. of/for,【解析】句意为,:,追踪北极熊数量的现代方法从,20,世纪,80,年代中期才被运用，而且在大面积范围内持续进行的成本很高。根据句意可知,本句主语表示“追踪北极熊数量的现代方法”,即,the method of/for,为,doing sth.,故填,of/for,。,2. of,【解析】句意为,:,我们最先听到了一群狗的叫声 “一群,;,一盒,;,一伙”,故填,of,。准确来说是,7,只狗的叫声。,a pack of,为固定搭配,3. to,【解析】句意为,:,这个问题的答案并不明确。,answer to.,为固定搭配,意为“,的答案”,故填,to,。,答案解析1. of/for【解析】句意为:追踪北极熊数量的现,31,4. from,【解析】句意为,:,它运行,(,里程,),只有不足七千米,使人们在上下班时避开了路上极度拥挤的人群。此处指上下班,from work,意为“下班”。,5. In,【解析】句意为,:,我们向我们的学生提供优质的教育。作为回报，我们希望学生能够努力学习。,in return,为固定短语,意为“作为回报,作为报答”。,6. to,【解析】句意为,:,通过对比我们周围的环境来确定我们的位置仍然是我们生存的重要技能。,in relation to.,为固定短语,意为,相对某事物而言”符合 句意。,4. from【解析】句意为:它运行(里程)只有不足七千米,32,7. In,【解析】句意为,:,那个年轻人诚实、有合作精神，你需要帮助的时候,他总能及时出现。总之，他是很可靠的。,in short,意为“总之”。,8. to,【解析】句意为,:,这些评论是对当地记者经常提出的具体问题的回答。,in response to.,意为“作为对,的回应”,为固定搭配。,9. to,【解析】句意为,:,你听说过能作为陆地上和海洋里动物的共同栖息地的树吗,?be home to.,意为“是,的栖息地”,为固定短语。,7. In 【解析】句意为:那个年轻人诚实、有合作精神，你需,33,短文改错中的介词高考,1.,课标全国,It was a relief and I came to a sudden just in the middle on the road.,2.,课标全国,Nearly five years ago, and with the help our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomato(,圣女果,)in our back garden.,3.,课标全国,Therefore, we have more time with after- school activities.,4.,课标全国,He was tall, with broad shoulders and beard that turned from black toward gray over the years.,6.,课标全国,It was very crowded. Tony saw a toy on a shop window.,短文改错中的介词高考1.课标全国It was a rel,34,答案解析,1. on-of,【解析】,in the middle of,意为“在,中间”，为固定短语,2. by-of,【解析】,with the help of sb.,为固定搭配，意为“在集构成分的帮助下”。故将,by,改为,of,。,.,3. with-for,【解析】本句表示“我们有更多的时间去参加课外法动”,have time for(doing)sth.,为固定搭配,意为“有间做某事”。,4. toward-to/into,【解析】该句指他的胡子“由黑变灰”，故用搭配,turn from. to/into.,表示,意为“由,变成,”,5. on-in,【解析】表示“在商店的橱窗里”用介词,in,。,答案解析1. on-of 【解析】 in the middl,35,