腋窝解剖汇总ppt课件

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,腋窝解剖,Axilla,腋窝解剖Axilla,The,axilla,is the region between the arm and the thorax.It contains a number of important structures running to the arm and is also one of the main areas for drainage of lymph from the,breast,.Armpit or underarm refer to the inferior skin(floor)of the axilla,or the hollow formed by that skin(the,axillary fossa,).,The axilla is a pyramidal space located inferior to the,shoulder joint,at the junction of the,upper limb,and,thorax,.It provides a space through which many of the important vessels and nerves pass from the trunk to the upper limb.The space is almost obliterated in full abduction of the shoulder,a position in which the contents become vulnerable.,The axilla is the region betwe,腋窝解剖汇总ppt课件,腋窝解剖汇总ppt课件,shape,Anterior wall,Pectoralis major,Pectoralis minor,Subclavius,plexus,（锁骨下丛）,The,anterior axillary fold,is the inferior border of pectoralis major covered by fascia and skin.,shapeAnterior wall,腋窝解剖汇总ppt课件,腋窝解剖汇总ppt课件,Subclavius visible at upper left,above first rib.,Subclavius visible at upper le,Posterior wall,Subscapularis,（肩胛下肌）,Teres major,（大圆肌）,Teres minor,Latissimus dorsi,（背阔肌）,The,posterior axillary fold,is formed by latissimus dorsi,teres major and skin.,Posterior wall,Subscapularis visible near center top.),Subscapularis visible near cen,Muscles on the dorsum of the,scapula,and the,Triceps brachii muscle,:,#3 is,Latissimus dorsi muscle,#5 is,Teres major muscle,#6 is,Teres minor muscle,#7 is,Supraspinatus muscle,#8 is,Infraspinatus muscle,#13 is long head of,Triceps brachii muscle,Muscles on the dorsum of the s,腋窝解剖汇总ppt课件,Lateral wall,Coracobrachialis,（喙肱肌）,Short head of,biceps brachii,（二头肌）,Humerus,（肱骨）,Lateral wall,喙肱肌,喙肱肌,Medial wall,Serratus anterior,（前锯肌）,Thoracic wall,Medial wall,腋窝解剖汇总ppt课件,Apex,The,cervoaxillary canal,:,Outer border of first,rib,Superior border of,scapula,（肩胛骨）,Posterior border of,clavicle,（锁骨）,Apex,Floor,Adipose tissue,（脂肪组织）,Skin,Fascia（筋膜，肌膜）,Floor,contents,Axillary artery,Axillary artery,and its branches,anterior view of right upper limb and thorax.Upper and lower limits labeled.,肩胛下动脉,subscapular artery,较粗大，发自腋动脉第三段，沿肩胛下肌下缘向后下方行下，随即分出旋肩胛动脉，经三边孔到冈下窝，本干延续为胸背动脉，与同名神经伴行，分布于背阔肌等结构。,contentsAxillary artery Axilla,腋窝解剖汇总ppt课件,腋窝解剖汇总ppt课件,Axillary vein,Anterior view of right upper limb and thorax,axillary vein,and the distal part of the,basilic vein,（贵要,V,）,and,cephalic vein,.,（头,V,）,brachial,（上肢，肱）,Axillary vein Anterior view of,腋窝解剖汇总ppt课件,Brachial plexus,Brachial plexus,Brachial plexus,胸长神经,longthoracic nerve,经臂丛后方入腋腔，沿前锯肌表面下行，约在胸外侧动脉后方,2,横指处，分支支配前锯肌,胸背神经,thoracodorsal nerve与肩胛下动脉和胸背动脉伴行，支配背阔肌,肩胛下神经,subscapular nerves,The right brachial plexus with its short branches,viewed from in front.,Brachial plexusThe right brach,腋窝解剖汇总ppt课件,肋间臂神经,肋间臂神经,Axillary lymph nodes,前anter-,前锯肌的表面,后poster-,肩胛下血管周围,外,later-,沿腋静脉远侧段排列,中央centra-腋腔底部中央的结缔组织中，收纳上述三群淋巴结的输出管。,腋尖apica-,胸小肌上部，锁胸筋膜深面，沿腋动脉近侧段排列,.,行乳腺癌根治手术清扫淋巴结时，需注意保护前群附近的胸长神经和与后群相邻的胸背神经。,Axillary lymph nodes,Adipose tissue,An,axillary sheath（鞘）,surrounds the vessels and nerves proximally,a continuation of the cervical fascia.,Adipose tissueAn axillary shea,Clinical relevance,Metastasis from,breast cancer,to the,axillary lymph nodes,Clinical relevanceMetastasis f,Brachial plexus injury,短神经：,胸长神经,longthoracicnerve(C5,7),发自臂丛根部，经臂丛后方入腋腔，沿前锯肌表面下行，约在胸外侧动脉后方,2,横指处，分支支配前锯肌。该神经损伤后，由于前锯肌瘫痪，导致肩胛骨脊柱缘起，叫做翼状肩，患者的上肢不能高举过头。,胸背神经,thoracodorsalnerve(C5,7),起于后束，与肩胛下动脉和胸背动脉伴行，支配背阔肌。,胸外侧神经和胸内侧神经,臂丛长神经从各束发出后，行向自由上肢，支配各该部的肌肉和皮肤。由外侧束发出的有肌皮神经和正中神经外侧根,Brachial plexus injury 短神经：,THANK YOU!,THANK YOU!,