英语词性的分类及用法讲解

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,英语词性的分类及用法讲解,词性的分类,词类又叫词性，英语单词根据其在句子中的功用，可以分成十个大类。,1,名词,noun n.student,学生,2,代词,pronoun pron.you,你,3,形容词,adjective adj.happy,高兴的,4,副词,adverb adv.quickly,迅速地,5,动词,verb v.cut,砍、割,6,数词,numeral num.three,三,7,冠词,article art.a,一个,8,介词,preposition prep.at,在,.,9,连词,conjunction conj.and,和,10,感叹词,interjection interj.oh,哦,前六类叫实词，后四类叫虚词。,名词,(,表示人或物名称的词,),名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词,.,专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如,Beijing,，,China,the United States,等。,普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：,book,，,sadness,等。,(,普通名词包括可数名词和不可数名词,),普通名词又可分为下面四类：,1,）个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：,gun 2,）集体名词：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如,:family,(,以上两类属于可数名词,)3,）物质名词：表示无法分为个体的实物，如,:air 4,）抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概 念，如：,work,(,以上两类属于不可数名词,),名词,:,1.,经常放在句子开头做,主语,2.,经常放在动词或介词之后做,宾语,特点,:,它前面经常会出现形容词,my,your,his,her,等物主代词或,a,an,the,等之后,1.Thanks for your donation.,2.My favorite fruit is the apple.,3.Chengdu is a beautiful city.,代词,(,代替名词的词,),代词可以分为下列九类：,1.,人称代词：,They are my school mates.,2.,物主代词：,Our friends have great concern for each other.,3.,反身代词：,Take good care of yourselves.,4.,相互代词：,We should help each other.,5.,指示代词：,Who are these people?,6.,疑问代词：,What are you doing?,7.,关系代词：,She married Tony Harper,who is a student too.,8.,连接代词：,Do you know who did it?,9.,不定代词：,Do you know anything about it?,代词是非常活跃的词，特别是不定代词，比较复杂，我们要熟练掌握。,动词,动词就是表示动作或者是状态的词。例如：,run,；,work,；,sleep,，等,动词的分类,根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为,行为动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词四类，有些动词是兼类词,。如：,We have lunch at 12.,我们,12,点吃午饭。,(have,是行为动词,),We have been to New York.,我们去过纽约。,(have,是助动词,),W I am hungry.,我饿了。,(am,是连系动词,),She was beaten on the way home.(was,是助动词,),You neednt have waited for me.,你本来不必等我。,(need,是,情态动词,),The door needs painting.,这个门需要油漆了。,(needs,及物动词,),行为动词的分类,及物动词与不及物动词,根据后面是否带宾语，行为动词又可分为及物动词和不及物动词，及物动词,(vt.),后面要跟宾语，不及物动词,(vi.),不跟宾语。如：,They study hard.(study,后没有宾语，是不及物动词,)I know them well.(know,后有宾语,them,，是及物动词,),注：有的动词既可作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词,.,如：,She sings very well.,（,sing,是不及物动词）,She sang an English song just now.(sing,是及物动词,),延续性动词和非延续性动词,根据动作是否延续，行为动词又分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。如,:rain,live,work,learn,是延续性动词，,go,come,leave,start,是非延续性动词。注：非延续性动词在肯定句中通常不与表示时间段连用的,for,短语连用。如：,译,他离开这里三天了。,误,He has left here for three days.,正,He has been away from here for three days.,正,He left here three days ago.,动词,：,1.,在句子做,谓语,表动作；,2.,做主语或者在介词后则加,-ing;,3.,在,另外一个动词之后,用,ing,或,to,形式作宾语。,1.He likes to volunteer in his free time.,2.He sells newspapers for making money.,3.Getting up early is a good habit.,形容词,(,修饰名词等，说明事物或人的性质或特征的词,),形容词可分成,性质形容词和叙述形容词两类,，其位置不一定都放在名词前面。,1),直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词，它有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如：,hot,good,wonderful,等,.2),叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词,。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以,a,开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如：,afraid,alone,等,.,形容词,：,1.,放在,be,seem,sound,feel,taste,smell,等词,之后；,2.,放在名词之前做,定语,1.Your kind donation is greatly appreciated,.,2.Good hamburgers smell good.,3.Disabled people need kind help.,副词,(,主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或整个句子,),说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。,时间副词,:soon,then,today,tomorrow,afterwards,now,地点副词,:here,there,程度副词,:very,quite,rather,方式副词,:beautifully,reluctantly,well,频度副词,:often,frequently,always,副词,:,1.,描述动词的情况,;,2.,放在另外的形容词或者副词前,.,1.Trains run more slowly than planes.,2.Your coat looks pretty cool.,3.We should listen to our teachers,carefully in class.,介 词,(,介词是什么,?),按结构英语介词可分为,3,类：,1,简单介词（约有,70,个），如：,in,，,at,，,on,，,by,，,with,，,down,，,for,，,beside,，,along,，,across,等。,2,分词介词（约,15,个）如：,during,，,following,，,considering,，,regarding,，,judging,，,talking,等。,3,成语介词（约有,500,个）如：,out of,，,apart from,，,because of,，,by means of,等。,按意义英语介词可分为,3,类：,1.,时间介词，如：,at,on,in,during,over,from,for,until,等。,2.,地点介词,如：,at,on,in,across,to,over,between,inside,3.,其它介词，如：,by,with,about,except,instead of,due to,英语介词不可单独使用，后面必须跟名词,动名词或句子构成介宾结构等,.,连词,是一种虚词，它不能独立担任句子成分，而只起连接词与词，短语与短语以及句与句的作用。,连词主要可分为两类：并列连词和从属连词。,1.,并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组和分句。如：,and,but,or,nor,so,as well as,bothand,not onlybut also,eitheror,neithernor,(and)then,等。,2.,从属连词经常引导一个从句，如：,when,where,because,if,as,等。,数词,(,表示数目多少或顺序多少的词叫数词，数词分为基数词和序数词。表示数目多少的数词叫基数词；表示顺序的数词叫序数词。,),一、基数词,基数词写法和读法,二、序数词,序数词的缩写形式：,first1st,second2nd,thirty-first31st,三、数词的用法,1,）倍数表示法,2,）分数表示法,1.The,sea,is,very,big,.,2.It,covers,three quarters of the,earth,.,3.The sea is also,very,deep,in some,place,.,4.There is one place and at that place,the sea is,about,11 kilometres deep.,5.The,highest,mountain,in the world,is,about 9 kilometres high.,6.Churchill was,so,pleased,when he heard this,.,7.He is working,hard,to make his,dream,come true,.,8.Dont,miss,any,opportunity,and,time,.,9.We will,succeed,in the end,.,10.We,really,need to,come up with,a,plan,on,the Clean-up Day.,1._people need_ (home).2.,There are lots of_people in the world,we shoud do something to stop_.(hungry)3._stories come to an_in the_.(end),Homeless,homes,hungry,hunger,Endless,end,end,1._stories_kids.(interest)2.That_news_all of us.(surprise)3._movies are great_to us.(attract)4._things bring people_.(happily),Interesting,interest,surprising,surprised,Attractive,attraction,Happy,happiness,