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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Module 4 Unit 4,Grammar,V-ing as the adverbial,Module 4 Unit 4,1,思维导图解读,思维导图解读,2,种类,及物动词（do）,不及物动词的主动语态（go）,主动语态,被动语态,现在分词,一般式,完成式,现在分词的形式 （以do 和go 为例）,意义：,doing,being done,going,having done,having been done,having gone,1.v-ing与句中主语为逻辑上的主动关系，与句中谓语动词同时发生，或基本上同时发生,2.having+v-ed与句中主语为逻辑上的主动关系，先于谓语动词发生,及物动词（do）不及物动词的主动语态（go）主动语态被动语态,3,V-ing,形式由,“doing”,构成,其否定形式是,“not doing”,V-ing,可以带宾语或状语构成,V-ing,短语,没有人称和数的变化,但,有时态和语态的变化,。,V-ing,形式,V-ing 形式由“doing”构,4,现在分词,作状语,让步,原因,条件,结果,时间,伴随,方式,V-ing,语法功能,现在分词让步原因条件结果时间伴随V-ing 语法功能,5,现在分词 作状语,可以表示原因、时间、方式、伴随动作、结果、条件等，其逻辑主语是句子的主语，二者之间是主动关系。,1、作原因状语，相当于as,since,because等引起的原因状语从句，常位于句首，句中或句末。,Being poor,he couldnt afford a computer.,=As he was poor,he couldnt afford a computer.,现在分词 作状语1、作原因状语，相当于as,since,6,2、作时间状语，相当于when,while,as等引导的时间状语从句，常位于句首或句末。有时可以在v-ing前加一个表时间的连词，如when,while等。,Hearing the news,they immediately set off for Shanghai.,=When they heard the news,they immediately set off for Shanghai.,=When hearing the news,they immediately set off for Shanghai.,2、作时间状语，相当于when,while,as等引导的,7,3、作方式状语，等于and并列的两个谓语动词。,He came running all the way.,=He came and were running all the way.,4、作伴随状语，相当于and 连接的并列句。,He walked down the river,singing softly to himself.,=He walked down the river and sang softly to himself.,3、作方式状语，等于and并列的两个谓语动词。,8,5、作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果,常放于句末。,European football is played in 80 countries,making it the most popular sport in the world.,=European football is played in 80 countries.As a result,it becomes the most popular sport in the world.,试比较：,He hurried to the bus station,only to find,that the bus had left.,意料之外的结果,5、作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果,常放于句末。试比较：意,9,6、作条件状语，相当于 if 等引导的条件状语从句，常位于句首。,Driving too fast,you will damage the car.,=If you drive too fast,you will damage the car.,请仔细思考并小结：,现在分词短语与状语从句是怎样转化的？,6、作条件状语，相当于 if 等引导的条件状语从句，常位于句,10,1.现在分词短语是由状语从句变换而来的，用以表示时间、原因、条件、让步及附带情况。,2.,若状语从句与主句的主语相同时,：,1)去连词 2)去主语 3)动词变现在分词,即由：连词+主语+V.,主语+V.,V-ing,主语+V.,e.g.If you turn to the right,youll find the school.,_ youll find the school.,Turning to the right,现在分词短语与状语从句的转化,1.现在分词短语是由状语从句变换而来的，用以表示时间、原因,11,3.,若状语从句与主句的主语不同时,：,1)去连词,2)前面的主语留下,3)动词现在分词,e.g.,As it were fine,I went fishing with my father.,_,I went fishing with my father.,If time permits,I will visit my friend this weekend.,_,I will visit my friend this weekend.,It being fine,Time permitting,3.若状语从句与主句的主语不同时：It being fin,12,Practice makes perfect!,Practice makes perfect!,13,请判断下列从句是何种状语从句，并将它们改写成现在分词作状语。,1.,When they saw their teacher,the students stood up.,2.,Because he was ill,he couldnt go to school.,3.,If you work harder at English,you will make greater progress.,4.,Although they felt very tired,，they kept running.,5.The children came into the classroom,and they laughed and talked,.,原因,时间,条件,伴随,让步,请判断下列从句是何种状语从句，并将它们改写成现在分词作状语。,14,When they saw their teacher,the students stood up.,Seeing their teacher,the students stood up.,2.,Because he was ill,he couldnt go to school.,Being ill,he couldnt go to school.,3.,If you work harder at English,you will make greater progress.,Working harder at English,you will make greater progress.,原因,时间,条件,When they saw their teacher,15,4.,Although they felt very tired,，they kept running.,Feeling very tired,they kept running.,5.The children came into the classroom,and they laughed and talked,.,The children came into the classroom,laughing and talking.,伴随,让步,4.Although they felt very tir,16,请判断下列v-ing 在句中充当何种状语。,1)Four people entered the room looking around in a curious way.,2)Being poor,he couldnt afford an iPhone.,3)Working hard,youll surely succeed.,4)The boy sat in front of the farm-house,cutting the branch.,5)He came running back to tell me the news.,6)Hearing the news,he got frightened.,7)The child slipped and fell,hitting his head against the door.,8)Weather permitting,well go out tomorrow.,原因,伴随,条件,伴随,方式,结果,时间,请把以上句子中的现在分词短语改写成状语从句。,条件,请判断下列v-ing 在句中充当何种状语。原因伴随 条件伴随,17,Four people entered the room looking around in a curious way.,Four people entered the room and looked around in a curious way.,2)Being poor,he couldnt afford an iPhone.,As he was poor,he couldnt afford an iPhone.,3),Working hard,youll surely succeed.,If you work hard,youll surely succeed.,4)The boy sat in front of the farm-house,cutting the branch.,The boy sat in front of the farm-house and was cutting the branch.,原因,伴随,条件,伴随,Four people entered the room l,18,5)He came running back to tell me the news.,He came and ran back to tell me the news.,6)Hearing the news,he got frightened.,When he heard the news,he got frightened.,7)The child slipped and fell,hitting his head against the door.,The child slipped and fell.As a result,he hit his head against the door.,8)Weather permitting,well go out tomorrow.,If weather permits,well go out tomorrow.,方式,结果,时间,条件,5)He came running back to tel,19,Attention Please,现在分词的时态。,现在分词作状语时，要注意,分词的时间性,，是用现在分词的一般式(doing),还是用完成式(having done).,1),当现在分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生时，用现在分词的一般式(doing).,Walking in the street,I met an old friend of mine.,(walk 和meet同时发生),
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