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,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Comparison and Contrast,Comparison and Contrast,1,European universities and universities in the United States are different in many ways.First,European students enroll in fewer courses each term than United States students do.Second,European students seldom live at a university.Instead,they live at home and travel to classes.Thirdly,most European courses are given by professors who lecture to their classes.In contrast,United States professors often ask their students questions or allow their students to form discussion groups.Fourth,European professors ask student to write fewer papers than United States Professors do.Consequently,European students final examinations are usually oral,whereas American students take written final examinations.Finally,a European university is mainly a place to study.But at most United States universities,social activities take up a large part of the students time.,European universities and univ,2,What is the topic in the paragraph?Which two subjects are compared?,Does the paragraph concentrate on the similarities or the differences between the two subjects?,How many similarities/differences are pointed out?What are they?,What is the topic in the parag,3,What You Should Know,Comparison-contrast is a common method of development that involves focusing on similarities and differences-or more likely on one or the other-in order to make a point.,When a writer is comparing,he is pointing out the similarities that exist between subjects or items(such as persons,things,or ideas).,When a writer is contrasting,he is pointing out the differences between subjects or items,even the two different aspects of the same subject(e.g.,the advantages vs.the disadvantages of a personal computer).,What You Should KnowCompariso,4,Balance ideas,As you begin to organize your writing,its important to make sure that you balance the information about the items that youre comparing and contrasting.,You need to be sure that you give them equal time and space in what you write.,If you cover characters,settings,and historical accuracy for the book,for instance,you need to be sure that you cover the same elements for the movie.,Balance ideasAs you begin to o,5,Three strategies,There are three strategies to organize comparison and contrast papers:,1.Whole-to-Whole,or Block to Block,2.Similarities-to-Differences,3.Point-by-Point,Book,Movie,A-B,AB,AB,AB,AB,Three strategiesThere are thre,6,Whole-to-Whole or Block Strategy,In this structure,you say everything about one item,then everything about the other.,For instance,say everything about the characters,settings,and plots for the book then everything about the characters,settings,and plots for the movie.,Whole-to-Whole or Block Strate,7,Whole-to-Whole comparison and contrast uses a separate section or paragraph for each item youre discussing.,The points in each of the sections should be the same and they should be explained in the same order(for instance,you might discuss characters,settings,and plots for both,and in that order for both).,Whole-to-Whole comparison and,8,Similarities-to-Differences Strategy,In this structure,you explain all the similarities about the items being compared and then you explain all the differences.,For instance,you might explain that the characters and plots were similar in both the book and movie in the one section.,In the next section,you could explain that the settings were different.The book took place during the summer while the movie took place during the winter.,Similarities-to-Differences St,9,Similarities-to-Differences comparison and contrast uses a separate section or paragraph for similarities and differences.,In other words,the body of your paper would have two large sections:one for similarities,and another for differences.,Similarities-to-Differences co,10,Point-by-Point Strategy,In this structure,you explain one point of comparison before moving to the next point.,For instance,you would write about the characters in the book and movie in one section;then you would write about the settings in the book and movie in the next section.,Point-by-Point StrategyIn this,11,Point-by-Point comparison and contrast uses a separate section or paragraph for each point.,For consistency,begin with the same item in each section of your point-by-point paper.For instance,for each point that you discuss,explain the information about the book first and then about the movie next.,Point-by-Point comparison and,12,Example:,My hometown and my college town have several things in common.First,both are small communities.For example,my hometown has a population of only about 20,000 people.Similarly,my college consists of about 11,000 local residents.This population swells to 18,000 people when the college students are attending classes.A second way in which these two towns are similar is that they are both located in rural areas.My hometown is surrounded by many acres of farmland which is devoted mainly
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