动词时态语态课件

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,动词的时态和语态,动词的时态和语态,1,动词的时态：,时态是一种语言的手段，因语言的不同而有区别。英语时态以动词形式变化表示句中谈到的,动作、状态的时间关系和说话的时间,。,体时,一般,进行,完成,完成进行,现在,do,am/is/are +doing,have/has +done,have/has +been doing,过去,did,were/was +doing,had done,had been+doing,将来,will/shall+do,will/shall be +doing,will/shall have+done,will/shall have been+doing,过去将来,would/should+do,would/should be+doing,would/should have+done,would/should have been+done,动词的时态：时态是一种语言的手段，因语言的不同而有区别。,2,一般现在时的用法,表示,经常性,或,习惯性,的动作或,存在,的状态，常与表示,频度,的时间状语连用。,every,sometimes,often,usually,on Sunday,I,leave,home for school at 7,every morning,.,He,is,alone.,2)客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。The earth,moves,around the sun.,3)表示格言或警句中。,Pride,goes,before a fall.骄者必败。,一般现在时的用法,3,4.表现在的状态、能力、性格、个性。,I,dont,want so much.。,Ann,writes,good English but,does not,speak,well.,I,like,singing.,He,believes,he can achieve his goal one day.,5.用在,时间和条件状语从句,中表,将来,Ill participate in the game if it,doesnt rain,.,Ill let him know as soon as he,comes,.,6.表,根据时间表的安排将要,发生的事件，日程一般不可变更，语气比较肯定。,The trains,arrives,at 18:40.,4.表现在的状态、能力、性格、个性。,4,一般过去时的用法,1）在,确定的过去时间,里所发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语有：,yesterday,last week,an hour ago,the other day,in 1982,I,stayed,up last night,for I,had,a lot of homework to do.,Where,did,you,go,just now?,一般过去时的用法 1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在,5,2）表示,在过去一段时间内,，,经常性,或,习惯性,的动作。,When I,was,a child,I often,played,football in the street.,Whenever the Browns,went,during their visit,they,were given,a warm welcome.,2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。,6,3）有时过去的时间隐含在情景里,I hardly,recognized,you,Marry.,4)用在一些句型里：,It is time you,went,to bed.,I wish I,were,a bird.,Id rather you,came,tomorrow.,7,比较：一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，,现已不复存在,。Mrs.Darby,lived,in Kentucky for seven years.Mrs.Darby,has lived,in Kentucky for seven years.,(含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。),(含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去),比较：一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已,8,一般将来时,1)表示未来的动作或状态，常用,will/shall+动词,时间状语有：tomorrow，next week,I,ll,go,to your city tomorrow.,2),be doing,，表,计划的将来,，但语气不及一般现在时肯定，,安排可以变更,。,He,is leaving,for America on business next month.,3),be going to do,，表示将来。,a.,主语的打算、意图,，即将做某事。,What,are,you,going to do,tomorrow?,b.有迹象,要发生的事,Look at the dark clouds,there,is going to be,a storm.,一般将来时,9,4),be to do,表将来，,按计划或正式安排,将发生的事。,We,are to discuss,the report next Saturday.,The doctor says the patient,is not to be,moved.,5),be about to do,，意为,马上做某事,。He,is about to,leave,for Beijing.,注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow,next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。,4)be to do表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。,10,2.be going to/will的区别：,用于条件句时，be going to,表将来,will,表意愿,If you,are going to,make,a journey,youd better get ready for it as soon as possible.,Now if you,will take off,your clothes,we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.,3.be to和be going to,be to 表示,客观,安排或受人指示而做某事。,be going to 表示,主观,的打算或计划。,I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.,(客观安排),Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon.,(主观安排),2.be going to/will的区别：,11,现在进行时,现在进行时的基本用法：a.表示,现阶段,或,目前正进行,的动作。We,are waiting,for you.Mr.Green,is writing,another novel this month.,(说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。),b.表示渐变的动词有：,get,grow,become,turn,run,go,begin等,。The leaves,are turning,red.It,s,getting,warmer and warmer.,c.与,always,constantly,forever,等词连用，表示,反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，,往往带有,说话人的主观色彩,。You,are,always,changing,your mind.,现在进行时 现在进行时的基本用法：a.表示现阶段或,12,典型例题 My dictionary _,I have looked for it everywhere but still_ it.,A.has lost,dont find,B.is missing,dont find,C.has lost,havent found,D.is missing,havent found.,答案D.前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。,典型例题 My dictionary _,I ha,13,过去进行时,过去进行时表示,过去某一时刻,或,某时段正在进行,的动作。这一特定的时间可用时间状语连用。如：,at that time;at 8 oclock;when,也,可用上下暗示,。,I,was having,breakfast at 7:30 this morning.,They,were having,a discussion the whole morning yesterday.,过去进行时 过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某时段正在进行,14,过去将来时,：表示,过去某一时刻以后将发生,的动作和状态。如：,Yesterday we decided that we,should go,to Shanghai next week.,She said she,would wait,for me at the school gate.,过去将来时：表示过去某一时刻以后将发生的动作和状态,15,现在完成时,构成：,have(has)+过去分词,。,现在完成时常与一些时间状语连用,如：,already;yet;by this time;just;ever;never;now;before;lately,等。,现在完成时 现在完成时常与一些时间状语连用,如：alr,16,典型例题(1),-Do you know our town at all?-No,this is the first time I _ here.A.was B.have been,C.came D.am coming,（2)-Have you _ been to our town before?-No,its the first time I _ here.A.even,come B.even,have come,C.ever,come D.ever,have come,典型例题(1)-Do you know our to,17,1)表示动作,发生在过去,，但,对现在有影响,。如：,I,have,just,come,back from America.,He,has,already,posted,my letter.,2)表示动作或状态自,过去某一时间开始,，,持续到现在,，常,与since，for,等连用。如：,He,has been,ill,since,last month.,Her father,has been,dead,for,ten years.,1)表示动作发生在过去，但对现在有影响。如：,18,I have received his letter for a month.,I have,nt,received his letter,for,almost a month.,注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。,（wrong）,（right）,I have received his letter fo,19,过去完成时,构成:had+过去分词,1)表示动作或状态发生在过去某一时刻或动作之前，即,“过去的过去”,。在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，,发生在先，用过去完成时,；,发生在后，用一般过去时,。,When the police arrived,the thieves,had run,away.,The train,had left,before I got to the station.,2)表示意向的动词，如,hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose,等，用过去完成时表示原本，未能“,We,had hoped,