初中化学——氧气的性质课件

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,性质活泼的氧气（第1课时）,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,11/15/2024,性质活泼的氧气（第1课时）Evaluation only,1,氧气的主要物理性质：,通常状况下为,无色、无味,的,气体,，,密度,比空气略大，,不易溶,于水。,一、氧气的物理性质,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,11/15/2024,氧气的主要物理性质：一、氧气的物理性质Evaluation,2,在约218时变成雪花状的,淡蓝色固体,。,在压强为101kPa时，,氧气在约183时,变为,淡蓝色液体,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,11/15/2024,在约218时变成雪花状的淡蓝色固体。在压强为101kPa,3,二、氧气的化学性质,1、木炭在氧气中燃烧,发白光，放出热量，生成一种使澄清石灰水变浑浊的气体。,为什么要,缓缓伸入,集气瓶？,思考,使木炭与氧气充分反应,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,11/15/2024,二、氧气的化学性质1、木炭在氧气中燃烧发白光，放出热量，生成,4,2、铁丝在氧气中燃烧,剧烈燃烧，火星四射，生成一种黑色固体。,（1）,为什么铁丝要绕成螺旋状？,（2）,为什么应在火柴快燃尽时，把铁丝伸入集气瓶中？,（3）,为什么要在集气瓶底加少量水或铺少量沙子？,思考,防止炸裂集气瓶底,增大铁丝的受热面积,防止火柴燃烧消耗氧气,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,11/15/2024,2、铁丝在氧气中燃烧剧烈燃烧，火星四射，生成一种黑色固体。（,5,3、蜡烛在氧气中燃烧,发白光，放出热量，瓶壁有水雾，生成一种使石灰水变浑浊的气体,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,11/15/2024,3、蜡烛在氧气中燃烧发白光，放出热量，瓶壁有水雾，生成一种使,6,氧气的化学性质,氧气是一种化学性质,比较活泼,的气体，许多物质都能与氧气反应,小结,碳+,氧气,二氧化碳,点燃,铜+,氧气,氧化铜,加热,磷+,氧气,五氧化二磷,点燃,铁+,氧气,四氧化三铁,点燃,石蜡+,氧气,二氧化碳+水,点燃,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,11/15/2024,氧气的化学性质氧气是一种化学性质比较活泼的气体，许多物质都能,7,物质跟氧气发生的反应属于,氧化反应,。,释放热量,氧化物,：,由两种元素组成的纯净物，如果其中一种元素是氧，这样的化合物叫氧化物。,CO,2,CuO,P,2,O,5,Fe,3,O,4,H,2,O,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,11/15/2024,物质跟氧气发生的反应属于氧化反应。释放热量氧化物：由两种元素,8,练习与实践,氧气是我们身边常见的物质，以下有关氧气的叙述不正确的是（）,A氧气能支持燃烧,B氧气能提供动植物呼吸,C氧气具有可燃性,D某些物质在空气中不能燃烧，但在氧气中能燃烧,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,11/15/2024,练习与实践氧气是我们身边常见的物质，以下有关氧气的叙述不正确,9,练习与实践,下列有关燃烧的现象描述正确的是,（）,A、细铁丝在氧气中激烈燃烧火星四射，生成四氧化三铁。,B、红磷在空气中燃烧生成大量白雾,C、木炭在空气中燃烧发白光,D、镁在氧气中燃烧生成白色固体,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,11/15/2024,练习与实践下列有关燃烧的现象描述正确的是（）E,10,练习与实践,某同学做细铁丝在氧气中的燃烧实验时，他把细铁丝绕成螺旋状，一端系在一根铁丝上，另一端系上一根火柴。点燃火柴后迅速把铁丝连同火柴一起插入集气瓶下部（如图所示），但不见铁丝燃烧，反复实验均未成功。,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,11/15/2024,练习与实践某同学做细铁丝在氧气中的燃烧实验时，他把细铁丝绕成,11,导致失败的原因可能有哪些原因：,用砂纸打磨，除掉铁丝表面的锈迹,待到火柴快燃尽时，才把铁丝伸入集气瓶内,将铁丝和火柴伸至集气瓶上部，慢慢向下部移动,A.铁丝表面有锈迹，影响了反应的进行；,B.点燃火柴后立即将它伸入瓶内，火柴燃烧消耗了氧气，不利于铁丝的燃烧；,C.火柴燃烧时有大量的热量放出，将铁丝和火柴迅速伸至集气瓶下部，因热胀冷缩之故。瓶内氧气会膨胀逸出，使铁丝无法燃烧。,实验：根据以上假设，他对实验应作的相应改进为：,(1),_;,(2),_;,(3),_;,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,11/15/2024,导致失败的原因可能有哪些原因：用砂纸打磨，除掉铁丝表面的锈,12,讨论,：,石蜡与氧气的反应是化合反应吗？,石蜡+氧气,二氧化碳+水,点燃,两种产物,不是化合反应,氧化反应不,属于（,基本,反应类型）,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,11/15/2024,讨论：石蜡+氧气 二氧化碳+水点燃两种产物不是化,13,1、检验氧气最简单的方法是(),A.将带火星的细木条伸入瓶内 B.测密度,C.用红热的木炭 D.只要闻气味,观察颜色,考考你,2、下列不属于氧气用途的是()A.宇航中作高能燃料 B.供重危病人呼吸C.炼钢 D.登山潜水时携带供氧设备,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,C