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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2020/8/31,#,Welcome Unit,Discovering Useful Structures,1,Welcome UnitDiscovering Useful,主语：,是句子要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体,一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当。,什么是主语,(subject),？,The car,is running fast,（名词）,We,are students,（代词）,One of my classmates,is from Shanghai,（数词）,Its bad manners,to spit in public,（不定式）,Eating too much,is bad for your health,（动名词）,2,主语：是句子要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体一般由名词、代词、,谓语：,说明主语的动作或状态，,也是句子的主体部分，一般由动词充当。,动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。,实义动词单独作谓语，连系动词与表语一起构成谓语，情态动词与省略,to,的不定式构成合,成谓语，助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分。,如：,He,works,in a factory,（实义动词）,I,felt cold,（系动词表语）,How,can,I,get,to the station,？（情态动词实义动词）,Do,you,speak,English,？（助动词实义动词）,They,are working,in a field,（助动词实义动词）,什么是谓语（,verb,）？,3,谓语：说明主语的动作或状态，也是句子的主体部分，一般由动词充,宾语：,是及物动词所涉及的对象，,一般由名词、代词、不定式及动名词等充当。,如：,He is doing,his homework,（名词）,They did,nothing,this morning,（代词）,She wants,to go home,（不定式）,We enjoy,playing football,（动名词）,什么是宾语,(object),？,4,宾语：是及物动词所涉及的对象，一般由名词、代词、不定式及动名,表语：,用于说明主语的身份、特征或感受,，一般由名词、数词、形容词、分词等充当。常用的连系动词有：,be,，,look,，,get,，,sound,（听起来），,feel,，,become,，,smell,，,turn,，,taste,尝起来）等。,如：,They are,workers,（名词）,Two and three is,five,（数词）,The story is,very interesting,（形容词）,M y job,（工作）,is,teaching English,（动名词）,She is,at home,（介词短语）,I feel,terrible,（形容词）,The dish tastes,delicious,（形容词）,什么是表语（,predicative,）？,5,表语：用于说明主语的身份、特征或感受，一般由名词、数词、形容,定语：,用于修饰名词或代词,，一般由形容词、名词、数词、不定式等充当。,如：,What a,beautiful,kite it is,！（形容词）,She is a,chemistry,teacher,（名词）,There are,two,students in the classroom,（数词）,We have something,to do,tomorrow,（不定式）,The man,in blue,is my brother,（介词短语）,什么是定语,(attribute),？,6,定语：用于修饰名词或代词，一般由形容词、名词、数词、不定式等,状语：,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式短语或从句充当。单个副词作状语一般放在被修饰词之前，短语或从句放在句首或句末。,如：,Thank you,very much,（副词）,I get up at five,in the morning,（介词短语）,He is studying hard,so as to catch up with others,（不定式短语）,We were having breakfast,when the telephone rang,（从句）,【,注意,】enough,作状语只能放在被修饰词之后。如：,He is old enough to go to school,什么是状语,(adverbial),？,7,状语：用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，一般由副词、介词短语,状语种类如下：,How about meeting again,at six,?,（时间状语）,Last night she didnt go to the dance party,because of the rain,.,（原因状语）,I shall go there,if it doesnt rain,.,（条件状语）,Mr Smith lives,on the third floor,.,（地点状语）,She put the eggs into the basket,with great care,.,（方式状语）,She came in,with a dictionary in her hand,.,（伴随状语）,In order to catch up with the others,I must work harder.,（目的状语,He was so tired,that he fell asleep immediately,.,（结果状语）,She works very hard,though she is old,.,（让步状语）,I am taller,than he is,.,（比较状语）,8,状语种类如下：,宾语补足语：,用于补充说明宾语的动作，一般位于宾语之后，宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语,。,需接复合宾语的动词有：,tell,，,let,，,help,，,teach,，,ask,，,see,，,have,，,order,，,make,等。“宾补”一般由不定式短语、分词、名词、形容词等充当。如：,We elected him,monitor,（名词）,I found it,difficult,to learn English well,（形容词）,The doctor told me,to do more exercise,（不定式短语）,He is going to have his hair,cut,（过去分词）,They saw a bird,flying in the sky,（现在分词）,什么是宾语补足语（,objectcomplement,）？,9,宾语补足语：用于补充说明宾语的动作，一般位于宾语之后，宾语与,英语八种基本句型列式如下：,1.,S,十,V,主谓结构,2.S,十,P,主系表结构,3.S,十,V,十,O,主谓宾结构,4.S,十,V,十,IO,十,DO,主谓,+,直接宾语,+,间接宾语,5.S,十,V,十,O,十,C,主谓宾补结构,6.S,十,V,十,O,十,A,主谓宾状语结构,7.S,十,V,十,A,主谓状语结构,8.There be,10,英语八种基本句型列式如下：10,S+V+A(,状语,),Birds sing beautifully.,2),S+Vi+prep Phrase,（介词短语）,He went on holiday.,3),S+Vi+Infinitive(,不定式）,We stopped to have a rest.,4),S+Vi+Participle(,分词）,Ill go swimming.,主,+,谓,S,十,V,11,S+V+A(状语)主+谓 S十V11,2.S(,主）,+Vt,（及物动词）（谓）,+O,（宾）,We like English.,I want to help him.(,不定式）,I dont know what to do.,I enjoy living here.,I dont think(that)he is right.,主谓宾,+,状语,(S,十,V,十,O,十,A),I had my first maths class at senior high school.,主,+,谓,+,宾,(S,十,V,十,O),12,2.S(主）+Vt（及物动词）（谓）+O（宾）,1)S+Lv+N/Pron(,名词,/,代词）,He is a boy.This is mine.,2)S+Lv+Adj,（形容词）,She is beautiful.,3)S+Lv+Adv(,副词）,Class is over.,主,+,系,+,表,S,十,P,13,1)S+Lv+N/Pron(名词/代词）He,6.S(,主）,+VT,（谓）,+ID,（间宾）,+DO,（直宾）,I give you help.,1)S+Vt+N/Pron+N,I sent him a book.,I bought May a book.,上述句型可以变为：,S+Vt+N/Pron+To/for-phraseHe sent a book to me.He bought a coat for me.,主,+,谓,+,间宾,+,直宾,S,十,V,十,IO,十,DO,14,6.S(主）+VT（谓）+ID（间宾）+DO（直,2)S+Vt+N/Pron+That-clause,He told me that the film was great.,3)S+Vt+N/Pron+Wh-ClauseHe asked me what he should do.,主,+,谓,+,间宾,+,直宾,S,十,V,十,IO,十,DO,15,2)S+Vt+N/Pron+That-cla,S(,主）,+Vt,（谓）,+O,（宾）,+C,（宾补）,I make you clear.,We named our baby Tom.,He painted the wall white.,She always keeps everything in good order.,I wish you to stay.,I made him work,I heard my name called.,I feel something moving.,主,+,谓,+,宾,+,宾补,S,十,V,十,O,十,C,16,S(主）+Vt（谓）+O（宾）+C（宾补）I,There be,Theres a lot to explore at senior school.,Theres always something exciting to do.,17,There be Theres a lot to exp,2.Analyze the sentence structures,The 100-year old school lies in the centre of the city.,We must act.,The maths homework looks easy.,The teacher found the classroom empty.,My mum bought me a new dictionary.,Tom is looking forward to meeting the new exchange student,There is an English Corner at our school.,We had chemistry in the newly built lab.,18,2.Analyze the sentence struct,How would you like to go to
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