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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,Image&Symbol,Image,意象,-The representation of sense experience through figurative language.,One image is frequently the result of the cooperation of the several senses.,Visual-Pertaining to sight,Olfactory-Pertaining to smell,Tactile-Pertaining to touch,Auditory-Pertaining to hearing,Gustatory-Pertaining to taste,Eg,:Spring,Visual sense-Green grass&trees,Auditory sense-Twittering birds&whispering brooks,Olfactory sense-Sweet flowers&fresh air,Gustatory sense-Delicious fruits&vegetables available in spring,Tactile sense-Supple branches&twigs,Kinesthetic sense-Fluttering movement of butterflies in the air,Image-the soul Of,Language-the body Poetry,Imagery,-A meaningful whole formed by all the images in a poem.,Functions:,Creating the atmosphere;,Providing an internal pattern;,Focusing the theme of the poem.,Creating the atmosphere,Eg,:,Once upon a midnight dreary,while I pondered,weak and weary,Over many a quaint and curious volume of,forgotten lore,While I nodded,nearly napping,suddenly there,came a tapping,As if some one gently rapping,rapping at,my chamber door.,“,Tis,some visitor,”I muttered,“tapping at,my chamber door-,Only this,and nothing more.”,-The first stanza in Poes“The Raven”,A dreary midnight;,A weary young man,by himself;,reading some unusual ancient,book of legendary happenings;,in drowsiness;,Tapping at the door.,Setting up a Gothic atmosphere.,Providing an internal poem.,Eg,:,“Because I could not stop for Death-,He kindly stopped for me-,The Carriage held but just Ourselves-,And Immortality.,We slowly drove-He knew no haste,And I had put away,My labor and my leisure too,For His Civility-,We passed the School,where Children strove,At Recess-in the Ring-,We passed the Fields of Gazing Grain-,We passed the Setting Sun-,Or rather-He passed Us-,The Dews drew quivering and chill-,For only Gossamer,my Gown-,My Tippet-only Tulle-,We paused before a House that seemed,A swelling of the Ground-,The Roof was scarcely visible-,The Cornice-in the Ground-,Since then-tis Centuries-and yet,Feels shorter than the Day,I first surmised the Horses Heads,Were toward Eternity-”,The image of death,personified by capitalization driving a carriage,Foretelling the poem,-a“journey poem”,Pre-orientating the,interpretation of,“,the School”,“Children”,“the Setting Sun”,“Swelling of the Ground”,The images governed by the image of“Death”.,Constitute the internal,pattern of the poem.,Largely determine the,interpretation of the,whole poem.,Focusing the theme of the poem.,Eg,:,The Road Not Taken,(Robert Frost),Two roads diverged in a yellow wood,And sorry I could not travel both,And be one traveler,long I stood,And looked down one as far as I could,To where it bent in the undergrowth;,Then took the other,as just as fair,And having perhaps the better claim,Because it was grassy and wanted wear;,Though as for that,the passing there,Has worn them really about the same.,And both that morning equally lay,In leaves no step had trodden black.,Oh,I kept the first for another day!,Yet knowing how way leads on to way,I doubted if I should ever come back.,I shall be telling this with a sigh,Somewhere ages and ages hence:,Two roads diverged in a wood,and I-,I took the one less traveled by,And that has made all the difference.,The image of the roads brings the theme of the poem into focus.,“Road”-Life Choice,2.Symbol,象征,-A special kind of image,for it exceeds the image in the richness of its connotations.,IMAGERY:,Language that appeals to the senses.Descriptions of people or objects stated in terms of our senses.,Imagery,is when a writer uses the senses,to make pictures in the readers mind.,The fundamental difference between an image and a symbol is that an,image actually resembles what it represents.,A symbol,however,neither resembles nor is causally connected with what it represents.,Images are non-arbitrary shapes,the shape of an image is a replica of the actual object.,Alternativley symbols are arbitrary shapes to which we give meaning.For example the symbol-DOG-does in no way resemble a four legged animal which barks!,However the way symbols are interpreted is heavily dependent upon context,environment,culture etc.No symbol has a fixed or inherent meaning.,For example PLAIN has a differentr meaning depending on the context it is in-i.e.THE FOOD TASTES VERY PLAIN and THE SUN SHONE ON THE DESERTED PLAIN.,To English people the symbol CHAT means to talk,whereas the French take it to mean what we call a cat.,意象运用：透过具体可见的形象，以传达幽微、复杂、不可见的感觉经验。类似意象的重复出现，往往会凝塑出象征和暗示的效果。（如张爱玲小说中的日、月和镜子；白先勇,永远的尹雪艳,中的白色意象；锺阿城,棋王,中棋的意象；朱玖辉,三十三岁的多余周末和吊娃娃机的光荣,中各类的数字意象等）。,楼下那口听话的钟，开始响起用膳的信号。钟声传来，一家之主把他的双手插进缀有铜扣的蓝色大衣后面的大口袋里，不等钟声再响，便独自大步走下楼梯，回头对四个女的皱了皱眉。,（撒克里,浮华世界,）,由四川过湖南去，靠东有一条官路。这将近湘西边境，到了一个地方名叫茶峒的小山城时，有一小溪，溪边有座白色小塔，塔下住了一户单独的人家。这人家只一个老人，一个女孩子，一只黄狗。（翠翠）人又那么乖，和山头黄麂一样，从不想到残忍的事，从不发愁，从不动气。远处鼓角已起来了，她知道绘有朱红长线的龙船这时节已下河了。细雨还依然落个不止，溪面一片烟。可是到了冬天，那倒圯坍了的白塔，又重新修好了，那个在月下唱歌、使翠翠在睡梦里为歌声把灵魂轻轻浮起的青年还不曾回到荼峒来。,这个人也许永远不会回来了，也许明天回来！（沈从文,边城,）,振保
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