六西格玛的尺度

Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Define(,6,SIGMA,尺度,),Six Sigma,尺度,(,Metrics),1.,DPU,和,DPMO,2.,SIGMA,水平,3.,RTY,尺度的选择,BB Project,尺度,Bench marking,尺度,缺点数据收集,推定,Process,的能率,计算生产无缺点制品,的概率,制品与,Process,的客观比较,应该知道,什么?,BB Project,尺度,经营成果,尺 度,DPMO,SIGMA,水平,DPU,RTY,1.,DPU,和,DPMO,DPU,Defects per Unit,单位当缺点数,缺点消除的基准,利用于工场单位的改善,DPO,Defects per,Opportunity,机会当缺点数,DPMO,Defects per Million,Opportunities,百万机会当缺点数,考虑制品复杂性的比较基准,企业内或企业间的,Bench marking,手段,经营团为了对相异的制品与服务进行,Bench marking,使用,DPMO,机会的属性,所有制品,Process,的特性,(,characteristic),内含附加价值或减少的固有机会.,部品,形象,材料,机械,工具,程序,制品,Process,复杂度,复杂度,(,Complexity),复杂度的概念与制品及,Process,的特性有密切联系,越复杂总机会数越大,机会的阶层构造,H/W,部品,2,部品,1,组立品,A,组立品,B,形象,B,形象,A,机会可存在于阶层的任何水平,机会的计算,非附加价值的作业不计算为机会,搬运与资材保管不计算为机会,防碍作业的仍不计算为机会,试验,调查,测定等大部分的情况并无变化因此不能计算为机会,使用于,Program,的电试验仪器产生附加价值计算为机会,各个供给的部品计算为一个机会,焊锡,机油,冷却水等供给的资料不视为供给的部品,各附属品的连接也视为一个机会,如果工具需要四个螺钉,那么每个连接螺钉都是一个机会,因此是四个机会,PCB,上熔接了60个,PIN,的直接线路中60个的连接均计算为机会,16个,PIN(DIP),计算为16个连接,连接部位不重复计算.上面一个,下面一个的计算方法是不正确的,机器工作时的机会,机械化的各个表面视为一个机会,一个工具作五种截断作业,其机会数为5,穿孔并磨其反面是两种不同的作业,因此其机会数为2,穿孔后校正大小时因不可信,所以只用磨石磨时只计算为一个机会.研磨的工程是穿孔作业的再作业,样式或,s/w,作成时,完成一个样式的作业按照其数据录入领域别计算为一个机会,具有同一,CODE,的线的联接在软件中计算为一个机会,目的上的贡献度,机会计算的方式是否一定影响目标的达成?,定义机会后应将其制度化维持一贯性,机会只有在被评价时计算为机会,例,),某一部品在生产工程中不良发生的机会数为,100,000次.但是在正常生产过程中只对其中,1,000次机会进行评价,且在一个部品里发现了,10个缺点.,下列计算中哪一个正确?,DPO=10/100,000,DPO=10/1,000,下面加工例子中计算,DPU,与,DPMO.,DPU,与,DPMO,的计算,DPU,的计算,总缺点数,=,DPU,DPU,不可能考虑一个单位数里有多少缺点机会,总生产单位数,DPMO,的计算,一个单,位,位发生,的,的总缺,点,点机会,数,数,1,000,000,x,DPU,=,DPMO,一般说6,SIGMA,水平时,把,把不良,率,率说成3.4,DPMO,比3.4,PPM,更恰当,适于互,相,相不同,的,的,Process,或制,品,品间,制,造,造范,筹,筹和,非,非制,造,造范,筹,筹间,的,的比,较,较,DPMO,计算,例,例,适用,于,于测,定,定的,定,定量,值,值,不良,率,率,=0.02275,Probabilityof,良品,率,率,=0.97725,规格,上,上限,DPMO=0.02275*1,000,000=22,750,缺点,数,数,某一,PCB,有800,个,个熔,接,接点,与,与200,个,个部,品,品,此,PCB,中发,现,现6,个,个焊,接,接不,良,良点,与,与2,个,个不,良,良部,品,品,DPMO=(6+2)/(800+200)*,百万,=8,000,假设,有,有一,个,个具,有,有十,个,个部,品,品的,单,单位,各,个,个单,位,位内,的,的构,成,成品,对,对一,个,个缺,点,点发,生,生一,个,个机,会,会.,因,因此,各,各单,位,位可,包,包括,十,十个,缺,缺点,生产,无,无缺,点,点制,品,品的,可,可能,性,性为,多,多少,？,？,DPU,是多,少,少?,DPMO,是多,少,少?,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,练习,题,题,6,SIGMA,战略,的,的特,征,征,显示,企,企业,经,经营,成,成果,的,的所,有,有要,素,素转,换,换为,SIGMA,水平,作,为,为对,现,现在,经,经营,状,状态,分,分析,以,及,及对,今,今后,的,的目,标,标设,定,定等,的,的经,营,营管,理,理指,标,标,2.,SIGMA,水平,数据,种,种类,的,的确,认,认,离散,型,型数,据,据,Unit,的确,认,认,计算,DPU,计算,DPO,计算,DPMO,连续,型,型数,据,据,正规,性,性验,证,证,数据,转,转换(必,要,要时),工程,能,能力,分,分析,(,利用,MINITAB,),引出,DPMO,DPMO,值在,SigmaChart,转换,为,为,Z,值,掌,掌握,SIGMA,水平,SIGMA,水平,的,的计,算,算程,序,序,1),离散,型,型数,据,据的,SIGMA,水平,缺点,数,数据,的,的情,况,况,求,DPMO,从,SIGMA,表读,对,对应,于,于,DPMO,的,Z.st,值,受率,数,数据,的,的情,况,况,SCRAP,再作,业,业等,视,视为,不,不良,计,计算,受,受率,从,SIGMA,表读,百,百万,个,个当,良,良品,数,数,=(,受率,)*1,000,000,相对,应,应的,Z.st,值,不良,率,率数,据,据的,情,情况,从不,良,良率,计,计算,PPM,PPM=(,不良,率,率)*1,000,000,从,SIGMA,表读,与,与,PPM,值一,样,样的,DPMO,值相,应,应的,Z.st,值.,999,999.6,999,995,999,991,999,987,999,979,999,968,999,952,999,928,999,892,999,841,999,767,999,663,999,517,999,313,999,032,998,650,998,134,997,445,996,533,995,339,993,790,991,802,989,276,良品,数,数,3.4,5,9,13,21,32,48,72,108,159,233,337,483,687,968,1,350,1,866,2,555,3,467,4,661,6,210,8,198,10,724,6.0,5.9,5.8,5.7,5.6,5.5,5.4,5.3,5.2,5.1,5.0,4.9,4.8,4.7,4.6,4.5,4.4,4.3,4.2,4.1,4.0,3.9,3.8,.,st,4.5,4.4,4.3,4.2,4.1,4.0,3.9,3.8,3.7,3.6,3.5,3.4,3.3,3.2,3.1,3.0,2.9,2.8,2.7,2.6,2.5,2.4,2.3,.,lt,986,097,977,250,971,284,964,070,955,435,945,201,933,193,919,243,903,199,884,930,864,334,841,345,815,940,788,145,758,036,725,747,691,462,655,422,617,911,579,260,539,828,500,000,460,172,良品,数,数,13,903,22,750,28,716,35,930,44,565,54,799,66,807,80,757,96,801,115,070,135,666,158,655,184,060,211,855,241,964,274,253,308,538,344,578,382,089,420,740,460,172,500,000,539,828,3.7,3.5,3.4,3.3,3.2,3.1,3.0,2.9,2.8,2.7,2.6,2.5,2.4,2.3,2.2,2.1,2.0,1.9,1.8,1.7,1.6,1.5,1.4,.,st,2.2,2.0,1.9,1.8,1.7,1.6,1.5,1.4,1.3,1.2,1.1,1.0,0.9,0.8,0.7,0.6,0.5,0.4,0.3,0.2,0.1,0.0,-0.1,.,lt,420,740,382,089,344,578,308,538,274,253,241,964,211,855,184,060,158,655,135,666,115,070,96,801,80,757,66,807,54,799,44,565,35,930,28,716,22,750,17,864,13,903,10,724,8,198,良品数,579,260,617,911,655,422,691,462,725,747,758,036,788,145,815,940,841,345,864,334,884,930,903,199,919,243,933,193,945,201,955,435,964,070,971,284,977,250,982,136,986,097,989,276,991,802,1.3,1.2,1.1,1.0,0.9,0.8,0.7,0.6,0.5,0.4,0.3,0.2,0.1,0.0,-0.1,-0.2,-0.3,-0.4,-0.5,-0.6,-0.7,-0.8,-0.9,.,st,-0.2,-0.3,-0.4,-0.5,-0.6,-0.7,-0.8,-0.9,-1.0,-1.1,-1.2,-1.3,-1.4,-1.5,-1.6,-1.7,-1.8,-1.9,-2.0,-2.1,-2.2,-2.3,-2.4,.,lt,6,210,4,661,3,467,2,555,1,866,1,350,968,687,483,337,233,159,108,72,48,32,21,13,9,5,3,良品数,993,790,995,339,996,533,997,445,998,134,998,650,999,032,999,313,999,517,999,663,999,767,999,841,999,892,999,928,999,952,999,968,999,979,999,987,999,991,999,995,999,997,-1.0,-1.1,-1.2,-1.3,-1.4,-1.5,-1.6,-1.7,-1.8,-1.9,-2.0,-2.1,-2.2,-2.3,-2.4,-2.5,-2.6,-2.7,-2.8,-2.9,-3.0,.,st,-2.5,-2.6,-2.7,-2.8,-2.9,-3.0,-3.1,-3.2,-3.3,-3.4,-3.5,-3.6,-3.7,-3.8,-3.9,-4.0,-4.1,-4.2,-4.3,-4.4,-4.5,.,lt,了解,SIGMA,水平,DPMO,值利用