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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,#,语法,-,句子成分及练习,语法-,1,英语句子有,五个最基本的句型,：,1,、主语,+,系动词,+,表语,2,、主语,+,谓语（不及物动词）,3,、主语,+,谓语（,及物动词,)+,宾语,4,、主语,+,谓语,(,及物动词,)+,间接宾语（人）,+,直接宾语（物）,变式：主语,+,谓语,(,及物动词,)+,直接宾语（物）,+,介词,+,间接宾语（人）,5,、主语,+,谓语,(,及物动词,)+,宾语,+,宾语补足语,She likes English.,I am a girl,She came,She gave John a book,She gave a book to John,She makes her mother angry,The teacher asked me to read the passage.,英语句子有五个最基本的句型：She likes Engl,2,1.They,(,主语）,are working,（系表结构做谓语）,on the farm,（地点状语）,now,（时间状语）,.,3.All of us,（主语）,like,（谓语）,Kobe Bryant,（宾语）,very much,（程度副词状语）,4.To catch the train,（目的状语）,I,（主语）,got up,（谓语）,early yesterday,（时间状语）,1.They(主语）are working（系表结构做谓,3,英语句子的基本成分有,8,种：,主语,(subject),sbdikt,谓语,(predicate),pred,i,kt,宾语,(object),bdikt,定语,(attribute),tribju:t,状语,(adverbial),dv:bil,补语,(complement),kmplimnt,表语,(predicative),prdktv,同位语,(Appositive),pzitiv,英语句子的基本成分有8种：主语 (subject),4,句子成分,标识符号,主语,“,”划在主语下面,谓语,“,”划在谓语下面,宾语,“,”,划在宾语下面,定语,“,(,),”用在定语前后,状语,“,”用在状语前后,补语,“,”用在补语前后,主要成分,附加成分,返 回,句子成分标识符号主语 “”,5,主语,：,1),Mr.Chen,is a well-known scientist.,2),He,reads newspapers everyday.,3),Two and six,is eight.,4),Smoking,is harmful to health.,5),To swim in Kunming Lake,is a great pleasure.,6),What we shall do next,is not yet decided.,可以作主语的有,名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、从句,等主语一般在句首。,主语：1)Mr.Chen is a well-,6,it,作形式主语，由,that,引导,的从句,It is likely,_,_.,that many of them will be born,in northwestern Beijing,It is reported,_,_,_.,that 99%of school-age,children in China attended primary school,by 2004,it作形式主语，由that 引导的从句 It is like,7,It is obvious that he was wrong.,It,作形式主语，,that he was wrong,主语从句作真正的主语。,It is no use crying over the spilt milk.,Its no use doing sth.,做某事是没用的,spill spilt spilt(,使,),洒出，溢出,覆水难收。,It,作形式主语，,crying over the spilt milk,动名词短语作真正的主语。,It is obvious that he was wron,8,1.Studying English is very important.,动名词短语作主语,2.To teach him a lesson seems quite necessary.,不定式短语作主语,3.That he won the prize excited everyone.,主语从句作主语,4.It is important for us to have our dreams.,It,作形式主语，,to have our dreams,不定式短语作真正的宾语,练习，直出下列句子的主语由何充当,1.Studying English is very imp,9,由一个动词或动词短语构成,。,He,practices,running every morning.,He,is angry with,you.,He,was,often,laughed at,for this.,由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成,。,You,may keep,the book for two weeks.,He,has caught,a bad cold.,谓语,:,说明主语的动作，状态或特征。,由一个动词或动词短语构成。谓语:说明主语的动作,10,3.,宾语（,object),：,宾语在句子中主要充当动作的承受者，一般放于及物动词之后或介词后面。,例,:,老师把灯关了,.,The teacher turned off the lights.,介宾,例,:,他们将不会伤害我们,.,They wont hurt us.,动宾,例,:,他在上个星期放弃吸烟了,.,He gave up smoking last week.,介宾,宾语,动宾,介宾,3.宾语（object)：宾语在句子中主要充当动作的承受者,11,宾语,:,宾语通常在,及物动词和介词,的后面,可以做宾语的词类是名词代词数词,不定式动名词从句等,I enjoy dancing.,He need a job.,宾语:宾语通常在及物动词和介词的后面可以做宾语的词类是名词,12,在系动词后的部分就是表语,常见的系动词有,:,be(am,is,are,were,was),状态：,seem,appear,prove-,感官：,smell,feel,taste,sound,look,变化：,become,get,turn,go,come,grow,持续：,remain,stay,keep,在系动词后的部分就是表语,13,表语,：,表语通常在系动词后,。,1)My uncle is,a professor,.,2)He looked,tired.,3)The basketball match is,on,.,4)All the pupils are,on the playground,now.,5)Our aim was,to win more medals,.,6)His work is,teaching French,.,7)The question is,who can really repair the machines.,表语：表语通常在系动词后。1)My uncle is a,14,定语,:,是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、,短语或句子,.,注意：单个词常置被修饰词前，短语从句置后,The boy needs a,coffee,cup.,The best boy,here,is Tom.,The,smiling,boy needs a pen,bought by his mother.,This is the new dictionary,which I bought yesterday.,定语:是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、注意：单个词常置,15,状语,：,状语修饰动词、形容词、副词及其相应的短语或从句句子，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、伴随,、,程度、目的等。,1),On Sundays,there is no student in the classroom.,2,)He sits there,asking for a pen,.,3,)The boy needs a pen,to do his,homework.,4,),If I have some spare time,I will take up German.,状语：状语修饰动词、形容词、副词及其相应的短语或从句句子，,16,同位语,：,是在名词或代词之后，重复指代并进一步说明名词或代词的成分。常置被修饰词语后,We,students,should study hard.,We,all,are students.,Bush,President of the United States,will visit China next month.,同位语：是在名词或代词之后，重复指代并进一步说明名词或代词的,17,补语,:,补充说明主语或宾语,.,做,“,宾补,”,时在宾语后，做,“,主补,”,时在谓语后,1,)The doctor advised her,to stay in bed,2,)We saw the pupils,playing basketball,.,3,)She was elected,monitor of Class 1.,补语:补充说明主语或宾语.做“宾补”时在宾语后，做“主补”,18,巩固练习,巩固练习,19,指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分,11.He,managed,to finish the work in time,.,12.Tom came,to ask me for advice,.,13.He found,it,important,to master English,.,14.Do you have,anything,else,to say,?,15.,To be honest,;your pronunciation is not,so,good.,16.Would you please tell,me your address,?,17.He sat,there,reading a newspaper.,18.,It,is,our duty,to keep our classroom,clean and tidy,.,19.He noticed a man,enter the room.,20.The apples tasted,sweet.,指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分 11.He manag,20,Thank you!,Thank you!,21,
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