句子成分-英语语法课件

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,英语语法,句子成分,Members of a Sentence,英语语法句子成分,句子成分,（一）句子成分的定义：,构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。,句子成分有,主要成分,和,次要成分,：主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。,（二）主语,（,subject,）,：,主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。,但在,there be,结构、疑问句和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面,。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。,一句话语法,:,主语由,名词性的词,来充当,.,例如,：,During the 1990s,American country music,has become more and more popular.,（名词）,We,often speak English in class.,（代词）,One-third,of the students in this class are girls.,（数词）,To swim in the river,is a great pleasure.,（不定式）,Smoking,does harm to the health.,（动名词）,The rich,should help the poor.,（名词化的形容词）,When we are going to have an English test,has not been decided.,（主语从句）,It,is necessary,to master a foreign language,.,（,it,作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）,（三）谓语,（,predicate,）,：,谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的,特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。,一句话语法,:,谓语由,动词,充当,.,有很多同学在写作的时候容易犯的错误就是要么乱用,be,动词,要么句子没有谓语动词,.,谓语的构成如下：,1,、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。,如：,He practices running every morning.,2,、复合谓语：,（,1,）由“情态动词或其他助动词,+,动词原形”,构成。注意,:,这里面的动词原形非常重要,.,如：,You,may keep,the book for two weeks.,He,has caught,a bad cold.,（,2,）由“系动词,+,表语”构成。,如：,We,are students,.,（三）谓语（predicate）：,（四）表语,（,predicative,）,：,表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于,系动词（如,be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem,等）,之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。,一句话语法,:,表语使用,形容词,不用副词,!,例如：,Our teacher of English is,an American,.,（名词）,Is it,yours,?,（代词）,The weather has turned,cold,.,（形容词）,The speech is,exciting,.,（分词）,Three times seven is,twenty one,?,（数词）,His job is,to teach English,.,（不定式）,His hobby,（爱好）,is,playing football,.,（动名词）,The machine must be,out of order,.,（介词短语）,Time is,up,.The class is,over,.,（副词）注意,:,副词可以做表语的只有几个,非常简单,考试不考,所以上面说,:,表语使用形容词,不用副词,!,我们所复习的语法直接针对高考,不是搞语法研究,这点请大家一定要记住,.,The truth is that he has never been abroad.,（表语从句）,（四）表语（predicative）：,（,五）,宾语,（,object,）,：,宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于,及物动词和介词后面。,一句话语法,:,宾语由,名词性的词,充当,宾语分为,动词宾语和介词宾语,分别构成动宾结构和介词结构,这点非常重要,务必要牢记,.,例如：,They went to see,an exhibition,（展览）,yesterday.,（名词）,The heavy rain prevented,me,form coming to school on time.,（代词）,How many dictionaries do you have?I have,five,.,（数词）,They helped,the old,with their housework yesterday.,（名词化形容词）,He pretended,not to see me,.,（不定式短语）,I enjoy,listening to popular music,.,（动名词短语）,I think,（,that,）,he is fit for his office,.,（宾语从句）,（五）宾语（object）：,宾语种类,：,（,1,）双宾语（间接宾语,+,直接宾语）,例如：,Lend,me,your dictionary,please.,如果同学搞不清楚什么是双宾语,记下下面这个句子,:give me a book.,一人一物做宾语就是双宾语,.,说得白一点,双就是两个的意思,.,间接宾语指人，直接宾语指物。,（,2,）复合宾语（宾语,+,宾语补足语）,例如：,They elected,him,their monitor,.,（“他”,him,是班长，而不是“他们”,they,）,The teacher asked,him,to go out,.,（“他”,him,出去，而不是“老师”,the teacher,）,记忆口诀,：看宾语和宾语补足语之间有没有,逻辑上的主谓关系,。,宾语种类：,（六）宾语补足语,（,object,complement,）。,：,英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，,还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如,make,等,+,宾语,+,宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。,一句话语法,:,宾语补足语使用形容词,不用副词,.,例如：,His father named him,Dongming,.,（名词）,They painted their boat,white,.,（形容词）,Let the fresh air,in,.,（副词）,You mustnt force him,to lend his money to you,.,（不定式短语）,We saw her,entering the room,.,（现在分词）,We found everything,in the lab,in good order.,（介词短语）,We will soon make our city,what your city is now,.,（从句）,（六）宾语补足语（object complement）。：,（七）定语,（,attribute,）,：,修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。,一句话语法,:,定语使用,形容词,定语可由以下等成分表示：,Guilin is a,beautiful,city.,（形容词）,China is a,developing,country;America is a,developed,country.,（分词）,There are thirty,women,teachers is our school.,（名词）,His,rapid progress in English made us surprised.,（代词）,Our monitor is always the first,to enter the classroom,.,（不定式短语）,The,teaching,plan for next term has been worked out.,（动名词）,He is reading an article,about how to learn English,.,（介词短语）,（七）定语（attribute）：,（八）状语,(,adverbial,),：,修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。,一句话语法,:,状语用副词,不用形容词,可由以下形式表示：,Light travels,most quickly,.,（副词及副词性词组）,He has lived in the city,for ten years,.,（介词短语）,He is proud,to have passed the national college entrance examination,.,（不定式短语做原因状语）,He is in the room,making a model plane,.,（分词短语做伴随状语）,Wait,a minute,.,（名词）,Once you begin,you must continue.,（状语从句）,（八）状语(adverbial)：,状语种类如下,：,How about meeting again,at six,?,（时间状语）,(,表示时间就是时间状语）,Last night she didnt go to the dance party,because of,the rain,.,（原因状语）,I shall go there,if it doesnt rain,.,（条件状语）,Mr Smith lives,on the third floor,.,（地点状语）,She put the eggs into the basket,with great care,.,（方式状语）,She came in,with a dictionary in her hand,.,（伴随状语,In order to catch up with the others,I must work harder.,（目的状语）,He was so tired,that he fell asleep immediately,.,（结果状语）,She works very hard,though she is old,.,（让步状语）,I am taller,than he is,.,（比较状语）,状语种类如下：,句子成分练习题,(,一,),(,一,).,指出下列句中主语的中心词（,4,分，,4,分钟）,The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.,There is an old man coming here.,The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.,To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult.,句子成分练习题(一),(,二,),选出句中谓语的中心词（,10,分，,10,分钟）,I dont like the picture on the wall.,A.dont B.like C.picture D.wall,The days get longer and longer when summer