同步制造和约束理论课件

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Fang Aihua Wuhan University,2024/11/13,Fang Aihua Wuhan University,Chapter 18Synchronous Manufacturing&Theory of Constraints,同步制造与约束理论,2023/9/22Chapter 18Synchronou,2024/11/13,Fang Aihua Wuhan University,The Hockey Stick Phenomenon,曲棍球球棒现象,2023/9/22The Hockey Stick Phen,2024/11/13,Fang Aihua Wuhan University,The Hockey Stick Phenomenon,曲棍球球棒现象,The end-of-period rush!,Period,1,2,3,4,Output,($),考前突击！,2023/9/22The Hockey Stick Phen,2024/11/13,Fang Aihua Wuhan University,Synchronous Manufacturing,同步制造,Which refer to the entire production process working together in harmony to achieve the goals of the firm.,为了实现公司的目标，使整个生产系统协调一致地工作,2023/9/22Synchronous Manufactu,2024/11/13,Fang Aihua Wuhan University,首要特征,synchronous manufacturing logic attempts to coordinate all resources so that they work together and are in harmony or are synchronized.,In such a synchronous state,emphasis is on total system performance,not on localized performance measures such as labor or machine utilization.,追求企业的全部资源协调、同步运转,追求企业的整体效率，而不是单个生产要素的利用率（如：劳动、设备生产率）。,2023/9/22首要特征synchronous manuf,2024/11/13,Fang Aihua Wuhan University,The goal of the firm,公司的目标,2023/9/22The goal of the firm公,2024/11/13,Fang Aihua Wuhan University,4,Goldratt Proclaims,哥德瓦特,The goal of a firm is to make money.,2023/9/224Goldratt Proclaims哥,2024/11/13,Fang Aihua Wuhan University,Performance Measurements,绩效评价,2023/9/22Performance Measureme,2024/11/13,Fang Aihua Wuhan University,Performance Measurement,Financial,财务评价,Net profit,an absolute measurement in dollars,Return on investment,a relative measure based on investment,Cash flow,a survival measurement,净利润,绝对的赚钱数量,投资收益率,现金流量,2023/9/22Performance Measureme,2024/11/13,Fang Aihua Wuhan University,6,Performance Measurement,Operational,运作评价,1.Throughput,the rate at which money is generated by the system through sales,2.Inventory,all the money that the system has invested in purchasing things it intends to sell,3.Operating expenses,all the money that the system spends to turn inventory into throughput,吞吐量（产销率）,库存,运作费用,2023/9/226Performance Measurem,2024/11/13,Fang Aihua Wuhan University,Productivity,生产率,Does not guarantee profitability,Has throughput increased?,Has inventory decreased?,Have operational expenses decreased?,不能保证赢利,2023/9/22Productivity生产率Does,2024/11/13,Fang Aihua Wuhan University,Unbalanced Capacity,不平衡的生产能力,2023/9/22Unbalanced Capacity不,2024/11/13,Fang Aihua Wuhan University,8,Unbalanced Capacity,不平衡的生产能力,Earlier,we discussed balancing assembly lines.The goal was constant cycle time across all stations,Synchronous manufacturing views constant workstation capacity as a,bad decision.,早期观点：装配线的生产能力的平衡,同步制造：生产能力的平衡是一种坏观点,2023/9/228Unbalanced Capacity,2024/11/13,Fang Aihua Wuhan University,9,The Statistics of Dependent Events,独立事件的统计规律,Rather than balancing capacities,the flow of product through the system should be balanced,Process Time(,B,),Process Time(,A,),与其平衡能力，不如平衡物流,2023/9/229The Statistics of De,2024/11/13,Fang Aihua Wuhan University,Some Capacity Related Terminology,术语,2023/9/22Some Capacity Related,2024/11/13,Fang Aihua Wuhan University,Capacity,生产能力,Available time for production,可利用的生产时间（工时,/,台时）,2023/9/22Capacity生产能力Availabl,2024/11/13,Fang Aihua Wuhan University,Bottleneck,瓶颈,Capacity is less than demand placed on resource,瓶颈是指实际生产能力小于生产负荷的一切资源，它是系统内部制约产销率的约束因素，是制造过程中流量最小的地方。,实践表明大部分工厂只有为数极少的瓶颈作业。如果没有瓶颈，则意味着存在剩余生产能力，这时应该改变系统暴露出系统瓶颈。,2023/9/22Bottleneck瓶颈Capacity,2024/11/13,Fang Aihua Wuhan University,Nonbottleneck,非瓶颈,Capacity is greater than demand placed on resource,非瓶颈是指实际生产能力大于生产负荷的一切资源。,因此，非瓶颈资源不应该连续不断的工作，因为它的生产能力超过需求量，非瓶颈包含空闲时间。,2023/9/22Nonbottleneck非瓶颈Capa,2024/11/13,Fang Aihua Wuhan University,Capacity-constrained resource,次瓶颈资源,(CCR),Capacity is,close to,demand placed on resource,次瓶颈资源是指利用率已接近实际生产能力，并且如果作业计划制定的不太好就可能成为瓶颈资源。,例如：,一般作业车间的,CCR,可能接受好几个地方的工作任务，如果这些工作任务没有安排好，就会使工作任务之间的间歇时间超过,CCR,的空闲时间，从而使,CCR,成为瓶颈。,2023/9/22Capacity-constrained,2024/11/13,Fang Aihua Wuhan University,Basic Manufacturing Building Blocks,基本制造类型,2023/9/22Basic Manufacturing B,2024/11/13,Fang Aihua Wuhan University,11,Bottleneck feeding nonbottleneck,瓶颈供给非瓶颈,X,Y,Market,Case A,2023/9/2211Bottleneck feeding,2024/11/13,Fang Aihua Wuhan University,12,Nonbottleneck feeding bottleneck,非瓶颈供给瓶颈,Y,X,Market,Case B,2023/9/2212Nonbottleneck feedi,2024/11/13,Fang Aihua Wuhan University,13,Output of Bottleneck and Nonbottleneck assembled into a Product,组装,X,Y,Assembly,Market,Case C,2023/9/2213Output of Bottlenec,2024/11/13,Fang Aihua Wuhan University,14,Independent Markets,独立市场,X,Y,Market,Market,Case D,2023/9/2214Independent Markets,2024/11/13,Fang Aihua Wuhan University,Methods of Control,控制方法,2023/9/22Methods of Control控制方,2024/11/13,Fang Aihua Wuhan University,15,Components of Production Cycle Time,时间构成,Setup time,the time that a part spends waiting for a resource to be set up to work on this same part,Process time,the time that the part is being processed,Queue time,the time that a