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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2021/3/2,*,2021/3/2,*,Fare clic per modificare lo stile del titolo,Fare clic per modificare gli stili del testo dello schema,Secondo livello,Terzo livello,Quarto livello,Quinto livello,Fare clic per modificare lo stile del titolo,Fare clic per modificare gli stili del testo dello schema,Secondo livello,Terzo livello,Quarto livello,Quinto livello,2021/3/2,*,大家好,2021/3/2,1,大家好2021/3/21,BIOSENSOR,(General principles and applications),Jayanti Tokas,PhD,1,;Rubina Begum PhD,1,;Shalini Jain,PhD,2,and Hariom Yadav,PhD,2*,1,Department of Biotechnology,JMIT,Radaur,India;,2,NIDDK,National Institute of Health,Bethesda,MD 20892,USA,Email:,2021/3/2,2,BIOSENSOR(General principles a,What is a Biosensor?,2021/3/2,3,What is a Biosensor?2021/3/23,“,Biosensor”Any device,that uses specific biochemical reactions to detect chemical compounds,in biological samples,.,2021/3/2,4,“Biosensor”Any device that,Current Definition,A sensor that integrates a biological element with a physiochemical transducer to produce an electronic signal proportional to a single analyte which is then conveyed to a detector.,2021/3/2,5,Current DefinitionA sensor tha,Components of a Biosensor,Detector,2021/3/2,6,Components of a BiosensorDetec,Father of the Biosensor,Professor Leland C Clark Jnr,19182005,2021/3/2,7,Father of the Biosensor Profes,1916 First report on immobilization of proteins:adsorption of invertase on activated charcoal,1922First glass pH electrode,1956 Clark published his definitive paper on the oxygen electrode.,1962First description of a biosensor:an amperometric enzyme electrodre for glucose(Clark),1969Guilbault and Montalvo First potentiometric biosensor:urease immobilized on an ammonia electrode to detect urea,1970Bergveld ion selective Field Effect Transistor(ISFET),1975 Lubbers and Opitz described a fibre-optic sensor with immobilised indicator to measure carbon dioxide or oxygen.,History of Biosensors,2021/3/2,8,1916 First report on immobi,1975 First commercial biosensor(Yellow springs,Instruments glucose biosensor),1975First microbe based biosensor,First immunosensor,1976First bedside artificial pancreas(Miles),1980First fibre optic pH sensor for in vivo blood gases(Peterson),1982First fibre optic-based biosensor for glucose,1983First surface plasmon resonance(SPR)immunosensor,1984First mediated amperometric biosensor:ferrocene used with glucose oxidase for glucose detection,History of Biosensors,2021/3/2,9,1975 First commercial biosen,1987Blood-glucose biosensor launched by MediSense ExacTech,1990SPR based biosensor by Pharmacia BIACore,1992Hand held blood biosensor by i-STAT,1996Launching of Glucocard,1998Blood glucose biosensor launch by LifeScan FastTake,1998Roche Diagnostics by Merger of Roche and Boehringer mannheim,CurrentQuantom dots,nanoparicles,nanowire,nanotube,etc,History of Biosensors,2021/3/2,10,1987Blood-glucose biosensor,1.,LINEARITY,Linearity of the sensor should be high forthe detection of high substrate concentration.,2.,SENSITIVITY,Value of the electrode response per substrate concentration.,3,.SELECTIVITY,Chemicals Interference must be minimised for obtaining the correct result.,4.,RESPONSE TIME,Time necessary for having 95%of the response.,Basic Characteristics of a Biosensor,2021/3/2,11,1.LINEARITYLinearity of the,Biosensor,Analyte,Sample handling/,preparation,Detection,Signal,Analysis,Response,2021/3/2,12,BiosensorAnalyteSample handlin,1.The Analyte,(,What do you want to detect,),Molecule-Protein,toxin,peptide,vitamin,sugar,metal ion,2.Sample handling,(,How to deliver the analyte to the sensitive region?),(Micro)fluidics-Concentration increase/decrease),Filtration/selection,Biosensor,2021/3/2,13,1.The Analyte(What do you wa,4.Signal,(,How do you know there was a detection),3.Detection/Recognition,(How do you specifically recognize the analyte?),Biosensor,2021/3/2,14,4.Signal3.Detection/Recognit,Example of biosensors,Pregnancy test,Detects the hCG protein in urine.,Glucose monitoring device(for diabetes patients),Monitors the glucose level in the blood.,2021/3/2,15,Example of biosensorsPregnancy,Example of biosensors,Infectous disease biosensor from RBS,Old time coal miners biosensor,2021/3/2,16,Example of biosensorsInfectous,Research Biosensors,Biacore Biosensor platform,2021/3/2,17,Research BiosensorsBiacore Bio,Fluorescence,DNA Microarray,SPR Surface plasmon resonance,Impedance spectroscopy,SPM(Scanning probe microscopy,AFM,STM),QCM(Quartz crystal microbalance),SERS(Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy),Electrochemical,Typical Sensing Techniques,for Biosensors,2021/3/2,18,FluorescenceTypical Sensing Te,Types of Biosensors,Calorimetric Biosensor,Potentiometric Biosensor,Amperometric Biosensor,Optical Biosensor,Piezo-electric Biosensor,2021/3/2,19,Types of Biosensors Calorimetr,Piezo-Electric Biosensors,The change in frequency is proportional to the mass of absorbed material.,Piezo-electric devices use gold to detect the specific angle at which electron waves are emitte
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