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,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,独立主格结构,独立主格结构,1,一、独立主格结构的概念及基本构成形式,独立主格结构（the absolute structure）是由名词或代词加上分词或分词短语构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子，而不是一个词或词组。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词或分词短语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，独立主格结构的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。例如：,一、独立主格结构的概念及基本构成形式 独立主格结构（t,2,1）,Night enshrouding the earth,，nobody could make out what the dark mass was from a distance（黑夜笼罩大地，谁也看不清远处黑压压的一片是什么东西。）,2）He lay at full length upon his stomach，,his head resting upon his left forearm,（他的脊背朝天，四肢伸展，头枕着左臂，直挺挺地趴伏着。）,1）Night enshrouding the earth，,3,独立主格结构多用于书面语，尤其是描述性语言中，在口语和非正式文体中，一般用从句或两个句子来代替。例如，上述例句可变为：1）,Because night enshrouded the earth,，nobody could make out what the dark mass was from a distance2）He lay at full length upon his stomach,His head rested upon his left forearm,独立主格结构多用于书面语，尤其是描述性语言中，在口语和非正式,4,二、独立主格结构的特殊构成形式,独立主格结构除上述基本构成形式，即名词代词分词（短语）外，还有如下特殊构成形式。1,名词介词短语,1）The mayor of Hiroshima strode at a leisure pace toward the puzzled journalist，,a bunch of flowers in his hands,（广岛市市长双手捧着一束鲜花，迈着方步走向那个迷惑不解的记者。）,2,名词形容词（短语）,1）The Trojans asleep，the Greek soldiers crept out of the hollow wooden horse（特洛伊人睡着了，于是希腊士兵从中空的木马里悄悄爬了出来。）,3,名词副词,1）This little excitement over，noth-ing was to be done but to return to a steadfast gaze at my mute companion（一阵小小的兴奋过后，除了再去死死地盯着我的哑伴外，别无它事可干了。）,二、独立主格结构的特殊构成形式独立主格结构除上述基本构成形,5,The wretched boy，who has recently been dragged from the forest to scrub floors in the barracks，is now sweeping away the snow，his hands numb with cold,This intermezzo over，he found himself surrounded by several stunning，porcelain-faced Japanese women in kimonos,Every afternoon a very old woman hobbled past the ramshackle house，a vast load of firewood on her back,The wretched boy，who has recen,6,with+复合宾语,形式：,with+名词（或代词）+现在分词,1.He fell asleep,with the lamp burning.,2.You cant leave here,with the machine running.,3,.With him taking charge of the task,I have no doubt of its success.,4.,With winter coming on,its time to buy warm clothes.,with+复合宾语,7,with+名词（或代词）+过去分词,5.The old man was listening to the radio,with his eyes half closed.,6.All the afternoon he worked,with the door locked.,7.,With the trees grown tall,we can get more shade.,8.,With the work finished,all of us went out for a walk.,9.He stood for an instant,with his hand still raised.,with+名词（或代词）+过去分词,8,with+名词（或代词）+动词不定式,11.I cant go out with all these dishes to wash.,12.With so many books to read,I couldnt go out with you.,13.With only two minutes to go,they hurried to the station.,14.With all this work to do,I dont know if Ill have time to go out.,with+名词（或代词）+动词不定式,9,with+名词（或代词）+介词短语,15.He walked along with his hat,on the back of his head.,16.He simply stared at her,with that peculiar expression on his face.,17.He was asleep,with his head on his arms.,18.She saw a brook with red flowers and green grass on both sides.,with+名词（或代词）+介词短语,10,with+名词（或代词）+形容词,19.The man was sleeping,with the window open.,20.The mother doesnt allow her child to talk with his,mouth full.,with+名词（或代词）+副词,21.With John away,weve got more room.,22.The Emperor walked in the middle of the procession,with nothing on.,23.The student listened to his teacher,with his head down.,24.With the teacher there,he cant write.,with+名词（或代词）+形容词,11,三、独立主格结构的用法,独立主格结构在句中一般作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等。,三、独立主格结构的用法独立主格结构在句中一般作状语，表,12,1,作时间状语,1）My shoes removed，I entered a low-ceilinged room，treading cautiously on the soft tatami matting,After my shoes,were removed,，I entered a low-ceilinged room，treading cautiously on the soft tatami matting（我脱掉鞋子后，走进一间屋顶很低的房间，小心翼翼地踩在柔软的塌塌米垫子上。）,2）The governor pondering the matter，more strikers gathered across his path,While the governor was pondering the matter，more strikers gathered across his path（总督思考这个问题时，更多的罢工工人聚集在他要通过的路上。）,1作时间状语,13,2作条件状语1）Weather permitting，they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow,If weather permits，they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow（如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。）2）Such being the case，you have no grounds for dismissing him,If such is the case，you have no grounds for dismissing him（如果情况如此的话，你没有理由解聘他。）,2作条件状语1）Weather permitting，t,14,3作原因状语,1）The storm drawing near，the navvy decided to call it a day,Since the storm was drawing near，the navvy decided to call it a day（由于暴风雨即将来临，那个挖土小工决定收工。）,2）The Cossack being intent on his stalking，his foot touched the protruding bough that was the trigger,Because the Cossack was intent on his stalking，his foot touched the protruding bough that was the trigger（这位哥萨克人只顾专心致志地朝前大步走着，所以一只脚踩上了伸出地面的树枝，那是一个机关的起动装置。）,3作原因状语,15,4作伴随状语1）I took my ticket，and marched proudly up the platform，with my cheeses，the people falling back respectfully on either side,I took my ticket，and marched proudly up the plat-form，with my cheeses，and the people fell back respectfully on either side（我拿着车票还有我的奶酪，雄赳赳气昂昂地跨步走向月台。人们似乎很尊敬我，纷纷向两边退去。）,4作伴随状语1）I took my ticket，and,16,四、独立主格结构常见出题形式及解题策略,独立主格结构是一常考项目，在高考中多以语法结构填空形式出现。例如：,1）All flights,，we decided to take a greyhoundAwere canceled Bhad been c
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