高考英语语法备考-名词-ppt课件

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,名,词,高考英语语法备考-名词-ppt课件,1,名词,:,表示人或者事物名称的词,名词:表示人或者事物名称的词,2,二、名词的数,名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词又有单复数之分而不可数名词没有，它包括抽象名词、物质名词和专有名词。,以下名词通常用作不可数名词：,fun,advice,weather,progress,information,bread,butter,baggage/luggage,equipment,furniture,homework,luck,music,practice,wealth,health,word,wood,glass,English,America,work,jewellery,二、名词的数 luck,3,可数名词复数形式的构成规则：,1,）直接加,s,2),以,s,sh,ch,x,结尾的加,es,但是：,stomach,s,3),以辅音字母加,y,结尾的改,y,为,i+es,4),大部分以,f/fe,结尾的改,f/fe,为,v+es,5),不规则变化,man men,但是：,German Germans Roman Romans,woman women child children,mouse,mice ox oxen,g,oo,se g,ee,se/tooth teeth/footf eet,bacteri,um,bacteri,a,/medium media,phenomen,on,phenomen,a,oa,sis,oa,ses,/basis bases,Englishman Frenchman Englishwoman Frenchwoman,怎样变？,可数名词复数形式的构成规则：,4,趣味记忆法,1.,以,o,结尾的名词变成复数时通常在其后面,+s,.,但是：下列单词在其后,+,es,hero Negro potato tomato,（,英雄,和,黑人,吃,马铃薯,和,西红柿,）,2.,以,f/fe,结尾的常改,f/fe,为,ves,thief wife life self leaf wolf shelf beef loaf knife half,(,小偷,之,妻生活,难，,自己,扫,叶,来做饭，忽见一,狼,躲,架,后，想吃,牛肉面包块,，取,刀,把它劈两,半,）,3.,以,f/fe,结尾的有的既可以改成,ves,也可以直接,+,s,scarf handkerchief dwarf wharf turf oaf hoof,(,带着,围巾、手帕,和,矮子,去,码头,修,草皮,者,畸形儿 蹄,也）,趣味记忆法,5,4.,下列以,f/fe,结尾只能,+,s,roof gulf cliff,（悬崖）,reef(,暗礁）,chief,(,首领，酋长,）,proof,belief safe,不管是在,屋顶,上,海湾,里,悬崖,上还是碰到,暗礁,酋长,都有他的,证据,和,信念,守住那,保险箱,6,合成词单数变复数的规则：,1.man-doctormen-doctors,woman-teacherwomen-teachers,2.go-between,s,touch-me-not,s,forget-me-not,s,grown-up,s,father,s,-in-law,bride,s,-to-be,passer,s,-by,looker,s,-on,look-out,s,editor,s,-in-chief,film-goer,s,wrong-doer,s,fault-finder,s,合成词单数变复数的规则：,7,单复数同形的词：,Chinese/Japanese,people,sheep,deer,fish,means,crossroads(,十字路口,）,species,（物种，种类）,offspring(,后代）,series,（系列）,cattle(,牛）,spacecraft,（太空船）,8,单复数表示不同的含义,fish-fishes,fruit-fruits,food-foods,work-works,water-waters,custom-customs,content-contents,good-goods,iron-irons,green-greens,damage-damages,（赔偿金,）,air-airs,（,架子,）,put on/throw off,pain-pains,brain-brains(,头脑 智能,）,arm-arms,look-looks,单复数表示不同的含义,9,下列名词总是用复数形式,shake hands with sb.take measures/steps,as follows,（,如下,）,give regards to,take turns to do sth by turns,hurt ones feelings(,伤人感情,）,take notes.,take pains(,下功夫,）,have words with,in high/low spirits make preparations for,see sights(,观光,）,go to the pictures,working conditions(,工作条件,）,travel expenses(,路费,）,come to terms with,be on good/bad terms with lazybones,belongings surroundings congratulations,ashes savings(,储蓄）,outskirts(,市郊,）,earnings(,薪水,）,下列名词总是用复数形式,10,两部分构成的东西只能用复数形式,:,trousers pants shorts jeans tights,scissors boots compasses scales glasses,gloves socks slippers earphones,上述单词做主语时谓语只能用复数，但是如果与量词连用时则根据其单复数进行变化。,My trousers are new.,This pair of trousers is new.,These pairs of trousers are new.,两部分构成的东西只能用复数形式:,11,有的不可数名词和抽象名词前面加上不定冠词表示“一阵,一份，一件，一种，一场”等：,a heavy rain,a famous tea,a fine paper,a brandy,a great anger,a beauty,a success/failure,a surprise,a pleasure,有的不可数名词和抽象名词前面加上不定冠词表示“一阵,一份,12,总是在一起使用的两个名词第二个名词前的冠词一定要省去,：,a knife and fork(,一副刀叉,）,a watch and chain(,一块带链的表,）,a horse and cart(,一辆马车,）,put the cart before the horse(,本末倒置,/,黑白颠倒,）,bread and butter,(,奶油面包,/,生计,）,总是在一起使用的两个名词第二个名词前的冠词一定要省去：,13,有一些名词可数与不可数意思不一样：,单词 不可数 可数,character,性格 人物,/,角色,exercise,锻炼 练习,word,消息 字,/,话,will,意志 遗嘱,relation,关系 亲戚,youth,青春 青年人,wonder,惊奇 奇观,/,奇迹,necessity,必要性 必需品,time,时间 时代,/,次数,/,倍数,experience,经验 经历,cloth,布 （特殊用途的）布,paper,纸 论文,/,报纸,/,试卷,有一些名词可数与不可数意思不一样：,14,三、名词的阴性和阳性：,1,）,schoolgirl schoolboy girlfriend boyfriend,salesgirl salesboy girlstudent boystudent,2)man-doctor woman-doctor,3)he-cat she-cat,4)male-elephant female-elephant,5)host-hostess,waiter-waitress,master-mistress headmaster-headmistress,actor-actress,6)bride-bridegroom widow-widower,bull-cow hero-heroin,ballerina-ballerino,prince-princess nephew-niece,三、名词的阴性和阳性：,15,名词作定语：,1,）,通常用单数,bookstore/shoestore/coffee cup/summer holiday,stone bridge/paper money/weather report,heart trouble(disease)/convenience food,2),常用复数的情况,communications technology(,通讯技术,）,careers adviser/guidance(,职业顾问,/,指导,）,foreign languages department benefits packages,a goods train(,一列货车,）,parents meeting,a sports man a sales manager,savings bank(,储蓄银行,）,human resources manager,animal rights group(,动物权利组织,）,greetings telegram(,问候电报,）,works facilities(,工程设施,）,名词作定语：,16,四、名词的格：,1.,有生命的,+s,2.,无生命的采用,of,短语,3.,表时间、地点、国家、天体的直接,+s,each others father-in-laws,5.Jack and Toms room-Jacks and Toms rooms,6.,在表示店铺或者人家的名词后,+s,1)at the doctors at the butchers,at the tailors at the barbers,at the Greens to my uncles,7.,双重所有格,the latest works of my fathers,that dog of my friends,a few books of mine,四、名词的格：,17,8.,其它所属关系,1,）,介词,to,表示所有关系,the key to the door,(,其它短语见动名词语法,）,the secretary to the mayor,the visitors to the Great Wall,a journey to the moon,2),介词,for,表所有关系,a chair for visitors medicine for cough,a gift for my mother films for adults,3),介词,with,表所有关系（具有某种特征）,a girl with a round face a room with furniture,a child with big ears a cup with a handle,a man with glasses a book with a white cover,8.其它所属关系,18,五,、,no,短语,1.no way,2.no trouble,3.no problem,4.no wonder,5.no