虚拟语气 (2)

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Subjunctive mood,一、相关概念,1.Definition of,Mood,语气,是一种动词形式，用来表示说话人的意思和态度。,2.Three types of,Mood,语气,陈述,祈使,虚拟,事实，看法,请求，邀请，命令等,？,I love English.I dont like English.,Do you love English?,Go to hell.,Hold on.,肯定,/,否定,/,疑问,/,感叹,无主语,3.Definition of Subjunctive mood,表示说话人所说的不是事实,or,实现的可能性不大，而是一种愿望、假设、建议,or,某种强烈的情感；,通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表达；,一般用于正式的书面语言中。,If,虚拟条件句,普通情况,含蓄条件句,省略,if,的条件句,错综时间条件句,坚持、,命令、建议、要求,特殊句型,4.Cases of subjunctive mood,二、,if,条件句,If I,were,a bird,I,could,fly to you.,If there,were,no exam,we,would,be happier.,What,would,you like to be if you,were,to be born again?,If it,rained,/,should rain,tomorrow,the meeting,would,be put off.,If you,had,come,10 earlier,you,should,have,met Jay.,If you,had,nt,help,me,I,could,nt,have,succeed.,-,观察,&,归纳,if,从句,主句,现在,将来,过去,If+,主语,+,did,would/could/should/might,do,If+,主,+,had+done,1,、,If+,主,+,did,2,、,If+,主,+,were to+do,3,、,If+,主,+,should+do,Tips:,be,用,were,，,MV,用过去式,从句中的谓动基本上是,前移,一个时态，其他结构中的虚拟语气类似,1.,普通情况,would/could should/might,do,would/could should/might,have done,Alan _ the party if he had gone to London.,A.would have missed B.had missed,C.would miss D.missed,2.If she had worked harder,she _.,A.would succeed,B.had succeeded,C.should succeed,D.would have succeeded,Exercises,3.If it _ too much trouble,Id love a cup of tea.,isntB.werent,C.wasntD.hadnt been,4.Mary doesnt want to work right away because she thinks that if she _ a job she probably wouldnt be able to see her friends very often.,A.has to get B.had got,C.were to get D.could have got,2.,含蓄条件句,We,could not have finished,the work ahead of time,without,your help.,But for,the rain,we,would have finished,the work.,I was ill that day.,Otherwise,I,would have taken,part in the sports meeting.,He telephoned to inform me of your birthday,or,I,would have known,nothing about it.,He,could have given,you much more help,but,he was busy then.,有时虚拟语气,不通过,if,条从表示，而是,隐含,在上下文或其它一些表达方式中，谓之,“,含蓄,”,作用相当于条从,常见以下词：,with,without,but,but for,but that,or/otherwise,-,观察,&,归纳,3.,省略,&,倒装,If,I were at school again,I would study harder.,Were I,at school again,I would study harder.,If,you had come earlier,you would have met him.,Had you,come earlier,you would have met him.,If,it should rain tomorrow,we would not go climbing.,Should it,rain tomorrow,we would not go climbing.,If,it were,nt,for the money,I would treat you all.,Were,it,not,for money,I would treat you all.,如果,if,条从中含有,should/were/had,可以把,if,省略，把,should/were/had,提前到句首,其余不变（,not,不提前）,-,观察,&,归纳,1._ in your position,I would help him.,A.Was I B.Were I,C.If I am D.If I had been,2.Without the leadership of the Party,there _no New China.,A.would be B.has been,C.should be D.was,3._ any change about the date,please tell me immediately.,A.Will there be B.Should there be,C.There will be D.There should be,Exercises,4.,错综时间句,If you,had been careful,in the exam several days ago,you,would not be,so regretful now.,从句与主句的动作发生的时间不同,称之为,“,错综,”,，主从句的时态则要看它们各自的时间状语。,1.If I hadnt stood under the ladder,(,梯子,),to catch you when you fell,you _,now,.,A.wouldnt be smilingB.wont smile,C.couldnt have smiled D.didnt smile,2.It was the drug,，,not the disease,，,that killed the boy.,He would be still alive today if he _ that drug.,A.not takeB.shouldnt have taken,C.didnt takeD.hadnt taken,Exercises,3.If you _ me earlier,you _ sorry now.,A.had listened to;wouldnt have been,B.were to listen to;shouldnt have been,C.had listened to;wouldnt be,D.listened to;wouldnt be,Exercises,My,suggestion,that we(should)have a meeting has been accepted by others.,It,was suggested,that we(should)have a meeting,We,suggested,that there(should)be a kind of language which all could understand and use.,They,insisted,that the boy(should)see a doctor.,三、凡是跟,“,坚持、命令、建议、要求,”,有关的,名从,，从句中使用虚拟，,即：主,+,(should)+do,1.Tom insisted what he said _ true and we insisted that he _ and have a look.A.be,should go B.should be,would go C.was,go D.was,would go,The smile on his face suggested that he _ satisfied with our work.,He insisted he _ right and he _ set free.,was,was,(should)be,insist,表示,“,坚持认为,”,suggest,表示,“,暗示,/,表明,”,+,陈述语气,Exercises,2.The suggestion that the mayor(,市长,)_ at the meeting was really valuable.,A.present B.presented,C.presents D.ought to present,3.The suggestion that the mayor(,市长,)_ the prizes was accepted by everyone.,A.present B.presented,C.presents D.ought to present,慎防陷阱！,Exercises,定从,同从,I wish I were 30 years younger.,我但愿自己能年轻三十岁。,I wish I had followed your advice.,我要是早听你的劝告就好了。,I wish you would go hiking with me this weekend.,这个周末你要是能跟我去远足就好了。,四、特殊句式,wish,（,that,）,+,主语,+,过去式,wish,（,that,）,+,主语,+had done,wish,（,that,）,+,主语,+would+,动词原形,wish,表示不可能实现,or,实现性不大的愿望,其后用到虚拟语气,现在,一般过去,(did),过去,过去完成,(had done),将来,过去将来,(would/could/might+do),should,除外,1.I wish this bus _ to the university.,A.go,B,.went,C.has gone D.had gone,2.Have you ever been to Beijing?,-No,but I wish I _.,A.have B.will C.do,D,.had,Exercises,If only we,didnt,have so much homework.,If only I,had met,you before I got married.,If only there,w