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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,due to 6.stress,addicted 7.quit,eventually,8.,drugs,manage 9.,alcohol,cigarettes,10.adolescents,Revision,Complete the passage with the suitable words and phrases in their proper forms.,Smoking _,drinking _ or taking other_,produce many harmful effects and have no real benefits.So why do _do it?Some begin because they believe it makes them look cool.Others think it will help with _.In their life possibly _ pressure from their parents or teachers.,cigarettes,alcohol,drugs,adolescents,stress,due to,Some just want to see what it is like.What they dont realize is that they will get into the habit and _ become _.It will then be difficult to _the habit.A few people _to quit easily but for many it is a very painful process.Of course,the best way to deal with these drugs is not to start in the first place.,eventually,addicted,quit,manage,Grammar,The use of“it”,Discovering“It”,It,rains heavily.,2.,It,is 20 kilometers from Granddads house to James.,3.,It,is November 11,2005.,4.,It,is 9 oclock at night.,5,.It,ll be lovely in the garden tonight,6.,It,is bad to smoke.,7.,It,is likely that he will succeed.,天气,距离,日期,时间,形式主语,环境,形式主语,1.it,的最基本用法是作代词，主要指刚提到的事物，以避免重复,:,Xian isabeautifulcity,isntit?,2.,也可以指动物或婴儿,(,未知性别的婴儿或孩子,):,Is this your dog,？,No,it isnt.,一、,it,作人称代词,it,有时并不指具体的东西，而泛指天气、时间、日期、距离、价值、度量、温度、环境等，称为非人称的,it,：,指天气：,It is a lovely day,isntit?,It is a bit windy.2.,指时间,:,It was nearly midnight when she came back.,3.,指环境,:,It was very quiet inthecaf.,4.,指距离：,It is half an hourswalkto the city centre from my home.,二、,it,作非人称代词,5.,指日期：,-Whats the date today?,-Its May 1,2007.,6.,指季节：,It is summer now.,7.,指度量：,It is about 5 kilograms.,8.,指价值：,-Whats the cost of the T-shirt?,-It is 150 yuan.,替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。,三、,it,用作形式主语,（,1,）,It be adj.,（,for sb.,）,to do sth.,此处,adj.,通常为描述事件的形容词：,easy,，,difficult,，,hard,，,necessary,，,unnecessary,，,possible,，,impossible,，,likely,，,unlikely,，,right,，,wrong,，,important,，,unimportant,，,legal,，,illegal,，,well-mannered,，,ill-mannered,，,polite,，,impolite,，,clear,，,obvious,，,certain,，,suitable,，,proper,，,fit,，,useful,，,useless,，,dangerous,It is illegal,（,for a teenager,）,to drive a car without a license,.,1.,代作主语的动词不定式,（,2,）,It be adj.of sb.to do sth.,此处,adj.,通常为描述人的形容词：,kind,，,unkind,，,nice,，,rude,，,cruel,，,considerate,，,thoughtful,，,thoughtless,，,careful,，,careless,，,silly,，,foolish,，,stupid,，,clever,，,wise,，,crazy.,Its kind of you to help me with the problem.,Its no good/use doing,Its,（,well,）,worth doing,Its,（,well,）,worth ones while doing/to do,Its,（,well,）,worth while doing/to do,Its no use crying over spilt milk.,(3)It,替代作主语的动名词的常见句型,2.it,作形式主语替代主语从句,It is clear(obvious,，,true,，,possible,certain)that.,该句型中,it,是形式主语，真正的主语是,that,引导的主语从句，常译为“清楚（显然,真的,）”,是主语从句最常见的一种结构。例如：,It is very clear that hes round and tall like a tree.,It is adj.+clause,It is said(reported/learned/believed,/thought/known/told/hoped.)that.,该句型中的,it,仍是形式主语，真正主语是,that,引导的主语从句；该结构常译为“据说（据报道，据悉）”。,It is said that he has come to Beijing.,It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit.,It is v-ed that=sb./sth.is to do,It is+noun+,从句,It is a pity(a shame/an honor/a good thing/a fact/a surprise/.)that.,该句型中，,that,后的从句一般用虚拟语气（,should+,动词原形），,should,可省去表示出乎意料，常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。例如：,It is a pity that such a thing(should)happen in your class.,这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！,It is a pity that he is ill.,他生病了，真遗憾！,四、,it,作形式宾语,当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、动名词宾语从句时，往往把宾语放在它的补足语后面，而用,it,作形式宾语，放在宾语补足语之前。,该句型中的,it,作形式宾语，常用的动词有,think,believe,make,find,consider,feel,等。,I think it no use arguing with him.,我认为和他争吵没有用。,I found it very interesting to study,English.,我发现学英语非常有趣。,He made it clear that he was not,interested in this subject.,他非常清楚地表示他对那门学科不感兴趣。,五、用于强调句型中,It is/was+,被强调部分,+that/who.,It is not until+,被强调部分,+that.,I,met,Tom,in the park,yesterday.,1),It was,I,who,met Tom in the park yesterday.,2),It was,Tom,who,I met in the park yesterday.,3),It was,in the park,that,I met Tom yesterday.,4),It was,yesterday,that,I met Tom in the park.,It was five oclock _I got home.,It was at five oclock_ I got home.,when,that,强调句用以强调主语，宾语，介词宾语以及状语。（强调人时用,that,和,who,whom,皆可）,It was she who,that had been wrong,是她错了。,(),It was the girl whom,that I met just now,我刚才遇见的就是这个女孩。,(),It was Tom to whom the teacher had talked,老师与其谈话的那个人是汤姆。（）,It was on Monday night that all this happened,所有这一切就是在星期一的晚上发生的。（）,主语,宾语,介词宾语,状语,It is not until+,被强调部分,+that.,该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语“直到,才,”,，可以说是,not.until.,的强调形式。例如,:It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.,=Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star.,=I didnt realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.,六、,It,常用的固定搭配,make it,（,1,）在口语当中相当于,succeed,，表示：成功、做到、说定、赶上、及时到达 例,Its hard to make it to the top in show business.,（,2,）在口语中相当于,fix the date for,，表示“约定好时间”例,Shall we meet next week,？,OK.We just make it next Saturday.,2.take it/things easy,相当
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