外科绪论

Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,外科学绪论,(xln),Introduction of Surgery,第一页，共二十五页。,一、现代,(xindi),外科学的发展,Development of Modern Surgery,解剖学 Anatomy,John Hunter,(1728-1793),the father of experimental surgery and a superb anatomist and teacher.,第二页，共二十五页。,麻醉,(mzu),Anesthesia,Willam t.G.Morton,(1819-1868),a Boston dentist whose successful demonstration of ether anesthesia on October 16,1846,at the Massachusetts Gneeral Hospital was a landmark in the history of surgery,第三页，共二十五页。,3.抗菌术 Antisepsis,Joseph Lister,(1827-1912),the originator of antiseptic surgery,第四页，共二十五页。,输血,(sh xu),Blood transfusion,Richard Lewisohn,(1875-1961),a surgeon at the Mount Sinai Hospital,introduced the modern technique of blood transfusion,developed from his discovery of a method of preventing coagulation of the blood outside the body.,Karl Landsteiner,(1868-1943),one of the first scientists to study the physical processes of immunity.He is best known for his identification and characterization of the human blood groups,A,B,and O.,第五页，共二十五页。,Theodor Kocher,(1841-1917),professor of surgery at the University of Berne and pioneer in the development of surgery of the thyoid.He received the Nobel Prize in 1909.,Theodor Billroth,(1829-1894),professor at the University of Vienna and pioneer abdominal surgeon,Billroth was one of the most influential teachers of his time.,Innovators&Pioneers in Surgery,第六页，共二十五页。,John H.Gibbon,(1903-1973),pioneer cardiothoracic surgeon who developed extracorporeal circulation.,Alexis Carrel,(1873-1944),an experimental surgeon interested in wound healing,tissue culture,organ transplantation,and blood vessel anastomosis.He was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1912.,第七页，共二十五页。,傅培彬,(1912-1989),瑞金医院外科,(wik),创始人,第八页，共二十五页。,1954 二尖瓣分离 Commissurotomy of mitral stenosis,1958 大面积灼伤 Severe Burn,1963 断肢再植 Replantation of cut limb,1977 肝移植 The 1,st,case of Liver transplantation,1978 心脏移植 The 1st case of Heart transplantation,1990s-二医外科全面发展,(fzhn),灼伤外科、消化外科、胆胰外科,Burn surg,Digestive S.,P.Biliary,口腔外科、整形外科、小儿心脏外科,Stomatological S.Plastic S.Pediatric Cardio S.,The role of SSMU in the development,of surgery in China,第九页，共二十五页。,二、外科学范畴,(fnchu),Category of Surgery,外科疾病分类,Classification of Surgical Diseases,1)损伤,(snshng),Trauma,mechanical thermal,chemical electrical,2)感染,Infection,3)肿瘤,Neoplasia Benign,Malignant,4)畸形,Anatomical abnormalities,Congenital,Acquired,第十页，共二十五页。,5),内,内,分,分,泌,泌,功,功,能,能,失,失,调,调Metabolic&Hormonaldisorder,6),梗,梗塞与,缺,缺血,Infarction&Ischamia,7),其,其它,(qt),Others,梗阻Obstruction,寄生虫,病,病Parasite diseases,静脉曲,张,张Veinvaricose,第十一,页,页，共,二,二十五,页,页。,2.,外,外科,专,专业,(zhuny),发展Development of Surgical Specialties,工作对,象,象和性,质,质,实验,(sh,yn),外科EexperimentalSurgery,临床外,科,科ClinicalSurgery,第十二,页,页，共,二,二十五,页,页。,2),人,人体解,剖,剖系统,骨科Arthrosteopedicsurgery,颌面外,科,科,(wik),Dentofacialsurgery,心胸外,科,科Cardiothoracic surgery,泌尿外,科,科Urologic surgery,神经外,科,科Neurosurgery,普通外,科,科Generalsurgery,(腹部,外,外科)Abdominalsurgery,第十三,页,页，共,二,二十五,页,页。,3),性,性病性,质,质,肿瘤外,科,科Neoplasticsurgery,急症外,科,科Emergencysurgery,创伤外,科,科Traumasurgery,烧伤,(sh,oshng),外科Burn surgery,4),手,手术方,式,式,整复外,科,科Plasticsurgery,显微外,科,科Microsurgery,移植外,科,科Transplantation,微创外,科,科Minimallyinvasivesurgery,第十四,页,页，共,二,二十五,页,页。,5),年,年龄,小儿外,科,科PediatricSurgery,成人外,科,科AdultSurgery,6),专,专业,妇科,(fk),Gynecology,耳鼻喉,科,科Otolaryngology,眼科Ophthalmology,第十五,页,页，共,二,二十五,页,页。,3.,外,外科,(wik),总论与,各,各论GeneralSurgery&SpecialSurgery,外科学,总,总论GeneralSurgery,各临床,外,外科共,同,同的专,业,业基础,基础医,学,学与临,床,床外科,学,学的桥,梁,梁,外科学,各,各论SpecialSurgery,论述各,系,系统、,各,各脏器,外科,疾,疾病,(j,b,ng),的病,因,因、,病,病理,、,、诊,断,断与,治,治疗,第十,六,六页,，,，共,二,二十,五,五页,。,。,外科,分,分子,生,生物,学,学,Surgicalmolecularbiology,外科,免,免疫,学,学,Surgicalimmunology,无菌,术,术,Aseptictechnique,外科,水,水、,电,电解,质,质和,酸,酸碱,平,平衡,(p,ngh,ng),Fluidandelectrolytemanagement,andacid-basebalance,输血,Bloodtransfusion,第十,七,七页,，,，共,二,二十,五,五页,。,。,外科,休,休克Surgicalshock,外科,营,营养Surgicalnutrition,多器,官,官功,能,能障,碍,碍综,合,合征,Multipleorgandysfunctionsyndrome,MODS,麻醉,(m,zu),Anesthesia,外科,重,重症,监,监测,治,治疗,Surgicalintensivecare,第十,八,八页,，,，共,二,二十,五,五页,。,。,心肺,脑,脑复,苏,苏,Brain-cardiopulmonaryResuscitation,疼痛,治,治疗,Painmanagement&Analgesia,围手,术,术期,处,处理,(chl),Paraoperativemanagement,门诊,外,外科,Outpatientsurgery,外科,感,感染,Surgicalinfection,肿瘤,Neoplasma,第十,九,九页,，,，共,二,二十,五,五页,。,。,创伤,(chu,ngshng),Trauma,烧伤,与,与冷,伤,伤Burns&Coldinjury,显微,外,外科Microsurgery,器官,移,移植Organtransplantation,组织,工,工程Tissueengineering,腔镜,外,外科,Laparoscopic&thorascopicsurgery,内镜,外,外科Endoscopicsurgery,外科,介,介入,治,治疗Surgicalinterventiontreatment,第二,十,十页,，,，共,二,二十,五,五页,。,。,三、,如,如何,(r,h,),学习,外,外科,Howtolearnsurgery,外科医师,的,的职业道,德,德Moral Character,理论,(ll,n),联系实践TheoryandPractice,外科基础Basictheory,Basic knowledge,Basic technique,第二十一,页,页，共二,十,十五页。,Spunk oftiger,胆,胆大,形象化的,要,要求,(yoqi),Somefigureof speech aboutthebasic demands,Eyesofeagle,眼,眼明,Hands ofwomen,手,手巧,(shuqio),Heart ofmother,心细,(xnx),第二十二,页,页，共二,十,十五页。,学 问,-Learnto findquestions,-Learnto ask questions,-Learnto solvequestions,Books ar