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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,3.1 co-directional(wind and waves),同向（风和浪）acting in the same direction作用在同一方向,3.2 Current,水流a flow of water past a fixed location usually described in terms of a current speed and direction经过一个固定位置的水流，通常由流速和流向描述,Offshore windpower t,erms and definitions,海上风电的基本术语,3.3 design wave,设计波浪deterministic wave with a defined height,period and direction,used for the design of an offshorestructure.A design wave may be accompanied by a requirement for the use of a particular periodicwave theory用于海上结构物的设计，具有指定高度、周期和方向的确定性波浪。设计波浪可能要求采用特定的波浪周期理论,3.4 designer,设计方party or parties responsible for the design of an offshore wind turbine负责海上风力发电机组设计的一方或多方,3.5 environmental conditions,环境条件characteristics of the environment(wind,waves,sea currents,water level,sea ice,marine growth,scour and overall seabed movement,etc.)which may affect the wind turbine behaviour可能影响风力发电机组性能的环境特性（如风、浪、洋流、水位、海冰、海生物、冲刷和整体海床运动等,3.6 external conditions(wind turbines),外部条件（风力发电机组）factors affecting operation of an offshore wind turbine,including the environmental conditions,theelectrical network conditions,and other climatic factors(temperature,snow,ice,etc.)影响海上风力发电机组运行的因素，包括环境条件、电网条件和其他气候因素（如温度、降雪、结冰等等）,3.7 extreme significant wave height,极端有效波高expected value of the highest significant wave height,averaged over 3 hours,with an annual probability,3.8 extreme wave height,极端波高expected value of the highest individual wave height(generally the zero up-crossing wave height)withan annual probability of exceedance of 1/N(“recurrence period”:N years)最高单个波高的期望值（通常为向上跨越零点的波高），超过这个期望值的年概率为1/N（“重复周期”：N年）,3.9 fast ice cover,固定冰盖a rigid continuous cover of ice not in motion静止状态下的连续刚性冰覆盖层,3.10 fetch,风距distance over which the wind blows constantly over the sea with approximately constant wind speedand direction风以近似恒定的风速和风向持续地吹过海面所经过的距离,3.11 foundation,基础part of an offshore wind turbine support structure which transfers the loads acting on the structure intothe seabed.Different foundation concepts are shown in Figure 1 together with the other parts of an offshore wind turbine.海上风力发电机组的支撑结构的组成部分，能将作用在结构上的载荷传递到海床上。不同类型的海上风力发电机组基础以及其它部分如图1所示。,3.12 highest astronomical tide,最高天文潮highest still water level that can be expected to occur under any combination of astronomical conditions and under average meteorological conditions.Storm surges,which are meteorologically generated and essentially irregular,are superimposed on the tidal variations,so that a total still water level abovehighest astronomical tide may occur.在任何天文条件的组合下或一般气象条件下都可以预测的最高静水位。风暴潮是气象的产物，它本质上没有规律，并与潮汐变化相互重叠，所以总静水位可能高于最高天文潮。,3.13 hub height(wind turbines),轮毂高度（风力发电机组）height of the centre of the swept area of the wind turbine rotor above the mean sea level风力发电机风轮掠扫面积的中心点距离平均海平面的高度,3.14 load effect,载荷效应,effect of a single load or combination of loads on a structural component or system,e.g.internal,force,stress,strain,motion etc.,单个载荷或者组合载荷对某个结构部件或整个系统产生的影响，例如内力、应力、应变、移动等等,3.15 hummocked ice 冰丘,crushed ice and ice floes piled up into ridges when large ice floes meet with each other or with a rigid obstacle,e.g.an offshore wind turbine support structure,大块浮冰碰到其它浮冰或者坚硬的障碍物（例如海上风力发电机组的支撑结构）时，碎冰和浮冰堆积形成的冰丘。,3.16 ice floe 浮冰,a sheet of ice in size from meters to several kilometers,not rigidly frozen to a shore,still or in motion,大小从几米到几千米的片状冰块，与岸边冻得不是很结实，可能静止不动也可能在漂移,3.17 icing 结冰,build-up of a cover of ice or frost on parts of an offshore wind turbine that can result in added loads and/or changed properties,在海上风力发电机组的某些组成部分上形成的冰层或霜冻，这可能引起额外载荷和/或改变特性,3.18 lowest astronomical tide,最低天文潮lowest still water level that can be expected to occur under any combination of astronomical conditions and under average meteorological conditions.Storm surges,which are meteorologically generated and essentially irregular,are superimposed on the tidal variations,so that a total still water level belowlowest astronomical tide may occur.在任何天文条件的组合下或一般气象条件下都可以被预测的最低静水位。风暴潮是气象的产物，它本质上没有规律，并与潮汐变化相互重叠，所以总静水位可能低于最低天文潮。,3.19 manufacturer,制造商party or parties responsible for the manufacture and construction of an offshore wind turbine负责海上风力发电机组的制造和生产的一方或多方,3.20 marine conditions,海洋条件characteristics of the marine environment(waves,sea currents,water level,sea ice,marine growth,seabed movement and scour,etc.)which may affect the wind turbine behaviour可能影响风力发电机组性能的海洋环境特性（海浪、洋流、水位、海冰、海生物、海床运动和冲刷等）,3.21 marine growth,海生物surface coating on structural components caused by plants,animals and bacteria由动植物和细菌引起的结构部件表面上的覆盖物,3.22 mean sea level平均海平面average level of the sea over a period of time long enough to remove variations due to waves,tides and storm surges在能够消除海浪、潮汐和风暴潮所引起的变化的足够长的一段时间内，海平面的的平均水平3.23 mean zero crossing period平均跨零周期average period of the zero-crossing(up or down)waves in a sea state在某个海况下，海浪跨越零点（向上或向下）的平均周期3.24 metocean 海洋气象abbreviation of meteorological and oceanographic是单词“气象的”（meteorological）和“海洋学的”（oceanographic）的缩写3.25 multi-directional(wind and/or wave)多方向（风和/或海浪）a distribution of d
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