动词的时态语态 (2)

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,06,年高考语法复习系列五,动词的时态,时态和语态的主要考点,1,、考查在语境中判断动词时态的运用能力。常考的时,态为：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、现在进,行、过去进行、现在完成、过去完成、现在完成进,行、过去将来等。,2,、时间、条件、让步等状语从句中动词的时态；主从,句时态呼应问题。,3,、持续性动词和终止性动词的用法区别。,4,、及物动词的被动语态。,5,、系动词的用法特点。,6,、某些以主动形式表被动意义的动词的用法。,最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配,一般现在,every,sometimes,at,on Sunday,现在进行,now,现在完成,for,since,so far,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,up to now,in the past years,always,recently,一般过去,yesterday,last week,an hour ago,the other day,in 1982,just now,过去进行,this morning,the whole morning,all day,yesterday,from nine to ten last evening when,while,过去完成,before,by,until,when,after,once,as soon as,一般将来,next,tomorrow,in,过去将来,多用在间接引语中表示发生在谓语动作以后的动作,1,、现在时态,高考题点击：,Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea,which _ the Pacific,and we met no storms.,（,05,辽宁卷）,A,was called B,is called,C,had been called D,has been called,2.I _ ping-pong quite well,but I havent had time to play,since the new year.(2001 N),A.will playB.have playedC.playedD.play,B,D,说明,：,本题的干扰源为上下文的过去时，但“被称为太平洋”是客观现状，只能用一般现在时。,说明,：,常识告诉我们，一个人一旦获得某种技能，一般是不会在短期内失去的，所以需用一般现在时。,3.Since I won the big prize,my telephone hasnt stopped ringing.,People _ to ask how I am going to spend the money.,（,05,湖南卷）,A.phone B.will phone C.were phoning D.are phoning,4.Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly.(2001 N),A.is changingB.has changed,C.will have changedD.will change,说明,：,自从我赢了大奖，人们不停地打电话来问我将怎样使用这笔钱。此处的,are phoning,表示“不停的打电话”。,说明,：,选择移动电话难的原因是由于科技,正在,飞速发展，所以要用现在进行时；况且进行时态常给人一种情感上的描述，表示说话者的一种“感慨、赞赏、愤怒、斥责”等。,D,A,5._ my sister three times today but her line was always,busy.,（,05,北京春季）,A.Id phoned B.Ive been phoning,C.Ive phoned D.I was phoning,6.-You havent been to Beijing,have you?,-_.How I wish to go there!(98 N),A.Yes,I haveB.Yes,I havent,C.No,I haveD.No,I havent,说明,：,此题的干扰源是后面的,was busy,。今天打了三次电话是用来表示结果的，只能用现在完成时；而每次她都占线是表示过去的动作，所以用一般过去时。,说明,：,从补充的句子,“,How I wish to go there!”,可知“我”没到过北京。,C,D,7.-Hi,Tracy,you look tired.,-I am tired.I _ the living room all day.(98 N),A.paintedB.had painted,C.have been paintingD.have painted,8.Now that she is out of a job,Lucy_ going back to,school,but she hasnt decided yet.,（,04,北京）,A had consideredB has been considering,C consideredD is going to consider,说明,：,这句话的意思是“我一整天都在刷起居室”，现在完成进行时表示,从过去开始的一个动作一直持续到现在，而且还在进行当中,。,强调的是“一直在做”,。,C,B,说明：,她“一直在考虑返校”是现在完成进行时，“还没作决定”是现在的结果。,用于现在完成时的句型,1,）,It is the first/second time.that,结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。,It is the first time that I,have visited,the city.,It was the third time that the boy,had been,late.,注意比较,Its time that,结构：,It is high time that we,went,to school.,2,）,This is the that,结构，,that,从句要用现在完成时,.,This is the best film that,Ive(ever)seen,.,这是我看过的最好的电影。,This is the first time(that),Ive heard,him sing.,这是我第一次听他唱歌。,典型例题,(1)-Do you know our town at all?,-No,this is the first time I _ here.A.was,B.have been,C.came,D.am coming,(2)-Have you _ been to our town before?,-No,its the first time I _ here.A.even,come,B.even,have come,C.ever,come,D.ever,have come,注意,：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。（错）,I have received his letter for a month.,（对）,I havent received his letter for almost a month.,B,D,2,、过去时,高考题点击：,1.-Nancy is not coming tonight.,-But she _!(98 N),A.promisesB.promisedC.will promise D.had promised,2.My uncle _ until he was forty-five.(2000,上海,),A.marriedB.didnt marry,C.was not marryingD.would marry,说明,：,Nancy,答应要来这个动作应该发生在过去，是过去作出的承诺。,说明,：,until,用在肯定句中时，主句的动词必须是延续性动词，表示该动作一直持续到,until,后的时间为止；短暂性动词只能用在否定句中，表示直到此时该动作才开始。本题中,marry,是短暂性动词，所以只能用在否定句中。,B,B,3.-You havent said a word about my new coat,Brenda.Do,you like it?(N2002),-Im sorry I _ anything about it sooner.I certainly,think its pretty on you.,A.wasnt sayingB.dont sayC.wont sayD.didnt say,说明,：,本题的干扰源来自上下文中的时态，上文用的是现在完成时，下文用的是一般现在时，所以有些人就误以为此处该用现在时态了。但根据说话人的意思不难发现，没有说出自己的评价是在这段对话以前的事了，所以要用一般过去时。,D,4.As she _ the newspaper,Granny _ asleep.(95 N),A.read was fallingB.was reading fell,C.was reading was fallingD.read fell,5.The manager had fallen asleep where he _,without,undressing.,（,05,安徽卷）,A.was laying B.was lying C.had laid D.had lied,说明,：,一般来说在复合句中的两个动作，延续性的动作大都用进行时，短暂性的动词用一般时，表示在某个动作进行的过程当中另一个动作发生了。,说明,：,该题的意思为“经理躺在那儿睡着了，衣服也没脱”。“躺”是一个不及物动词，其过去式和过去分词为“,lay;lain”,。,lay,是及物动词，过去式和过去分词为,laid,；,lied,是“说谎”的过去式和过去分词。,B,B,6.The little girl _ her heart out because she _ her toy,bear and believed she wasnt ever going to find it.(02,北京,),A.had cried,lostB.cried,had lost,C.has cried,has lostD.cries,has lost,7.Hurry up!Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the,school gate.,Oh!I thought they _ without me.(05,江西卷,),A,went B,are going C,have gone D,had gone,说明,：,哭得伤心发生在过去，而丢玩具熊发生在哭之前。两个发生在过去的动作，之前发生的用过去完成时，之后发生的用一般过去时。,说明,：“,他没叫我就走了”这个动作明显发生在“我认为”之前。所以必须用过去完成时。,B,D,3,、将来时,高考题点击：,1.If a man _ succeed,he must work as hard as he can.,(95,上海,),A.willB.is toC.is going toD.should,2.-Youve left the light on.,-Oh,so I have._ and turn it off.(2000 N),A.Ill goB.Ive goneC.I goD.Im going,说明,：,此句的意思为“如果一个人想要成功，就必须尽力而为”。,If,引导的是条件状语从句，不能用将来时。而,be to,结构虽然表示将来的动作，但它不属于将来