英语简单句基本结构

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,简单句基本结构,Teaching aims:,1.To learn the sentence constituents:,subject,，,predicate,，,object,，,predicative,，,complement.,2.To learn,the five structures of simple sentence.,3.To practice more and learn to solve exercises about sentences constituent and structures.,Teaching importances:,1.To understand the concept of each sentence constituent.,2.To master the five structures of simple sentences.,Teaching difficulty:,To make correct sentences according to the five structures.,句子分类,简单句,复合句,并列复合句,主从复合句,有两个或两个以上的简单句用连词连接而成。,如：,and,but,or,so,等,定语从句,状语从句,名词性从句,由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）组成的句子,.eg:,Tom and Mike,are American boys.,She,likes,drawing and often,draws,pictures for the newspaper.,由主句和从句构成，且主从句分别有不同的主谓结构。,五大基本句型,一：,(,主谓,),二,:,(,主系表,),三,:,(,主谓宾,),四,:,(,主谓间宾直宾,),五,:,(,主谓宾宾补,),基本句型 一：（主谓）,主语,：可以作主语的成分有,名词,（如,boy,），,主格代词,（如,you,），,动词不定式,，,动名词,等。主语一般在,句首,。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！,谓语,：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。,不及物动词（,vi.,）,没有宾语，形成主谓结构，如：,We come.,此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做,不及物动词,，后面可以跟,副词、介词短语、状语从句,等。,（不及物动词）,1.The sun was shining.,太阳在照耀着。,2.The moon rose.,月亮升起了。,3.The universe remains.,宇宙长存。,4.Who cares?,管它呢？,5.,They talked for half an hour.,他们谈了半个小时。,6.The pen writes smoothly,这支笔书写流利。,基本句型 二：（主系表）,此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子,谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,，必须加上,一个,表明主语身份或状态的,表语,构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做,连系动词,。系动词除了,be,之外，还有其他三类。,be,本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。感官动词多可用作联系动词：,look,well/,面色好,sound,nice/,听起来不错,feel,good/,感觉好，,smell,bad/,难闻,（是系动词）,1.This is an English-Chinese dictionary.,这是本英汉辞典。,2.The dinner smells good.,午餐的气味很好。,3.Everything looks different.,一切看来都不同了。,4.He is growing tall and strong.,他长得又高又壮,5.Our well has gone dry.,我们井干枯了。,6.His face turned red.,他的脸红了。,There be,结构：,There be,表示存在有。这里的,there,没有实际意义，不可与副词,there,那里混淆。,此结构后跟名词，表示（存在）有某事物,试比较：,There is a boy there.,（那儿有一个男孩。）,前一个,there,无实意，后一个,there,为副词那里。,基本句型 三：（主谓宾）,此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有,实义,，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个,宾语,，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做,及物动词,。宾语位于及物动词之后，一般,同主语构成一样,，,不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是,代词宾格,，如：,me,，,him,，,them,等,（及物动词）,1.Who knows the answer?,谁知道答案？,2.He has refused to help them.,他拒绝帮他们。,3.He enjoys reading.,他喜欢看书。,4.He said Good morning.,他说：,早上好！,5.I want to have a cup of tea.,我想喝杯茶。,6.He admits that he was mistaken.,他承认犯了错误。,基本句型 四 （主谓间宾直宾）,有些及物动词可以有,两个宾语,，如：,give,给，,pass,递，,bring,带，,show,显示,。这两个宾语通常一个指,人,，为,间接宾语,；一个指,物,，为,直接宾语,。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。,一般的顺序为：,动词,+,间接宾语,+,直接宾语,。,如：,Give me a cup of tea,please.,强调间接宾语顺序为：,动词,+,直接宾语,+,介词,+,间接宾语,。,如：,Show this house to Mr.Smith.,（及物）,（多指人）,（多指物）,She ordered herself a new dress.,她给自己定了一套新衣裳。,2.She cooked her husband a delicious meal.,她给丈夫煮了一顿美餐。,3.He brought you a dictionary.,他给你带来了一本字典。,4.,I,showed him my pictures.,我给他看我的照片,5,.,I gave my car a wash.,我洗了我的汽车。,基本句型 五,:,(,主谓宾宾补,),此句型的,特点,是,:,动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个,宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个,补充成分,来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。,宾语补足语,:,位于,宾语之后,对宾语作出说明的成分。,宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系，它们一起构成,复合宾语。,可以用作宾语补足语的有名词,形容词,不定式,动名词,分词,介词短语等。,基本句型 五：（主谓宾宾补）,名词,/,代词宾格,+,名词,The war made,him,a soldier,.,战争使他成为一名战士,.,名词,/,代词宾格,+,形容词,New methods make,the job,easy,.,新方法使这项工作变得轻松,.,名词,/,代词宾格,+,介词短语,I often find,him,at work,.,我经常发现他在工作,.,名词,/,代词宾格,+,动词不定式,The teacher ask,the students,to close the windows,.,老师让学生们关上窗户,.,名词,/,代词宾格,+,分词,I saw,a cat,running across the road,.,我看见一只猫跑过了马路,.,a.,b.,c.,d.,e.,1.Pleas tell us a story._,2.She smiled._,3.His job is to train swimmers._,4.He noticed a man enter the room._,5.Please look at the picture._,d,a,b,e,c,Exercises I,Exercises 2:,分析句子结构,You are a student.,He felt happy today.,What you said made me happy.,Could you give me some advice on how to learn English well?,After he finished his homework,he went away.,He likes pop music.,Exercises 3:,(,一,),挑出下列句中的宾语,1.,My brother hasnt done his homework.,2.People all over the world speak English.,3.How many new words did you learn last class?,4.Some of the students in the school want,to go swimming,how about you?,5.,Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.,（二,),划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语,Please tell us a story.,My father bought a new bike for me last week.,Mr,Li is going to teach us history next term.,Here is a,pen.Give,it to Tom.,Did he leave any message for me?,(,三,),挑出下列句中的表语,1.The old man was feeling very tired.,2.Why is he worried about Jim?,3.The leaves have turned yellow.,4.Soon they all became interested in the subject.,5.She was the first to learn about it.,(,四,),挑出下列句中的宾语补足语,She found it difficult to do the work.,He asked her to take the boy out of school.,She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.,They call me Lily sometimes.,I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.,Exercises 4:,1,、,Sorry,weve kept you_ for a long time.A.waited B.sing C.stand D.waiting,2,、,The teacher told us _ late again.A.arent be B.dont be C.not to be D.not be,3,、,We find the room very_.A.warm B.warmly C.terribly D.hardly,4,、,Two balls are_.A.under the desk B.in the wall C.to here D.at desks,5,、,I want_ a teacher when I grow up.A.to be B.to C.be D.being,6,、,-Would you like to go on a picnic with me