情态动词用法小结

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,情态动词用法小结,榆中县第九中学,李锦江,提出委婉的请求在回答中不可用,could,。,-Could I have the television on?,-Yes,you can./No,you cant.,2.,在否定、疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。,He couldnt be a bad man.,他不大可能是坏人。,用情态动词,can,cant,may,must,mustnt,neednt,could,填空。,Could,cant,must,can,Must,neednt,can,情态动词的语法特征,:,1),情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情,只表示期待或估计某事的发生。,2),情态动词除,ought,和,have,外,后面只能接不带,to,的不定式。,(ought to+,动词原形、,have to+,动词原形）,3),情态动词没有人称,数的变化,即情态动词第三人称单数不加,-s,。,4),情态动词没有非谓语形式,即没有不定式、分词等形式。,have to,和,must,1),两词都是“必须”的意思,have to,表示客观的需要,must,表示说话人主观上的看法,既主观上的必要。,My brother was very ill,so I,had to,call the doctor in the middle of the night.,我弟弟病得很厉害,我只得半夜里把医生请来。,(,客观上需要做这件事,),He said that they,must,work hard.,他说他们必须努力工作。,(,主观上要做这件事,),2)have to,有人称、数、时态的变化,而,must,只有一种形式。但,must,可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。,He,had to,look after his sister yesterday.,3),在否定结构中,:dont have to,表示“不必”,mustnt,表示“禁止”。,You,dont have to,tell him about it.,你不一定要把此事告诉他。,You,mustnt,tell him about it.,你一定不要把这件事告诉他。,could,与,can,的区别：,could,与,can,都是情态动词,could,是,can,的过去式。二者都可用于表示请求,但是用法稍有不同。,can,表示一般性的请求,语气随便，常用于熟人之间或长辈对晚辈,上级对下级的场合。,e.g.Can you tell us your story,Tony?,Tony,你能给我们讲讲你的故事吗？,could,表示有礼貌的请求,语气委婉,常用于非熟人之间或晚辈对长辈,下级,对上级的场合。,e.g.Could you tell us if it snows in,winter in Australia?,Sure.,请告诉我们,澳大利亚冬天下雪吗,?,当然可以。,1.-_ you come and play with us now?,-Im afraid I _.I _ do the cooking.I _ come later.,2.-_ we clean the windows today?,-No,you _.You _ clean them tomorrow.,3.-_ I watch TV this evening,mum?,-No,you _.Work _ come first.,4.-_ I come in,please?,-Yes,please.,5.Excuse me._ you tell me the way to the cinema?,May,mustnt,must,May,Could,典型例题,1,）,-Could I borrow your dictionary?,-Yes,of course,you_.,A.might,B.will,C.can,D.should,C,could,表示委婉的语气,并不为时态。答语中,of course,表示肯定的语气,允许某人做某事时,用,can,和,may,来表达,不能用,could,或,might,。,复习,:will,与,you,连用,用来提出要求或下命令。,should,与,you,连用,用来提出劝告。,2,）,-Shall I tell John about it?,-No,you _.Ive told him already.,A.neednt,B.wouldnt,C.mustnt,D.shouldnt,答案,A.neednt,不必,不用。,wouldnt,将不,不会的。,mustnt,禁止、不能。,shouldnt,不应该。本题为不需要,不必,的意思,应用,neednt,。,3,）,-Dont forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.,-,_.,A.I dont,B.I wont,C.I cant,D.I havent,答案,B.will,既可当作情态动词,表请求、建议、也可作为实义动词表“意愿、意志、决心”,本题表示决心,选,B,。,Goodbye!,