《有毒动植物中毒》PPT课件

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,有毒动植物食物中毒,有毒动植物食物中毒,河豚鱼中毒,Puffer fish poisoning,鱼类组胺中毒,Fish histamine poisoning,麻痹性贝类中毒,Paralytic shellfish poisoning,毒蕈中毒,Noxious mushroom poisoning,四季豆中毒,kidney bean poisoning,Food poisoning,2006-4-27,The puffer fish lives in shallow coastal waters,coral reefs and tidal lagoons in the western and central Pacific Ocean.The puffer fish has rounded fins and eyes that protrude from its head.The puffer fish gets its food by using its puffer-like beak like teeth.The puffer fish protects itself by puffing itself up by taking gulps of water or air to fill its stomach.This makes the spine on its body which normally lies flat against its skin puff up.,Puffer fish poisoning,河豚鱼中毒,Food poisoning,Distribution and Level of Toxin,毒素分布及毒性大小,：,毒性与季节有关，春季最毒,存在于卵巢、肝、脾、肾等脏器及皮肤、血液、眼球等部位。,毒性大小：卵巢、肝脏最毒,肾、血液次之,新鲜洗净的肌肉不含毒,死鱼肉或有些品种的鲜鱼肉，螺类，也含有毒素。,Food poisoning,2006-4-27,Food poisoning,TTX is an especially,potent neurotoxin,specifically blocking voltage-gated sodium channels on the nerve membranes surface.The TTX-Na Channel binding site is,extremely tight,(,Kd,=10,-10,nM).,Poisoning Mechanism,中毒机制,阻断神经肌肉间的传导,外周血管扩张，使血压急剧下降，,使神经末梢和中枢神经麻痹。,感觉神经 运动神经麻痹,口腔与胃肠道粘膜吸收,呼吸中枢和血管运动中枢麻痹而致死。,作用于神经系统,Emergency treatment,紧急处置,催吐：,1%CuSO,4,洗胃：,1/20004000 KMnO,4,或1 3%NaHCO,3,导泻：,50%MgSO,4,50ml,对症治疗：,早期解毒：L-半胱氨酸盐酸盐静脉滴注 呼吸困难：洛贝宁、尼可刹米注射,肌肉麻痹：士的宁、番木鳖碱,保肝解毒：高渗葡萄糖输液,Food poisoning,避免误食中毒,开展宣传教育，改变饮食习惯,新鲜河豚鱼统一收购 去头、皮、内脏鱼干,河豚鱼鱼干经鉴定后食用,禁止食用新鲜河豚鱼,Preventive measures,预防措施,Food poisoning,常见的河豚鱼,Food poisoning,家庭自制河豚鱼要不得,河豚鱼集中处理,中毒后立即接受治疗,严防河豚鱼混入市场,Food poisoning,青干金枪鱼,鲐,蓝点马鲛,2006-4-27,Food poisoning,12,（1）胃肠毒型：,毒蕈,：,黑伞属和乳菇属某些蕈种,毒素,：,类树脂物质,机理,：,刺激胃肠道,症状,：,剧烈腹泻，水样便，阵发性腹痛,治疗,：,对症治疗,2006-4-27,Food poisioning,13,毒红菇 Russula emetica,红菇（无毒）Russula lepida,窝边黄乳菇,Lactarius scrobiculats,胃肠毒型,毒蕈,Food poisoning,2006-4-27,Food poisoning,14,毒,蕈,毒素：,毒蝇碱（muscarin）：毒蝇伞、丝盖伞属等,蜡子树酸（ibotenic acid）类：毒伞属,光盖伞素(psilocybin)类：裸盖菇属、花褶伞属,幻觉原（hallucinogens）：桔黄裸伞蕈,症状：,副交感神经兴奋症状,流涎、流泪、大量出汗、瞳孔缩小、脉缓等,并可伴有胃肠道症状。,重症患者精神错乱，胡言乱语，幻视、幻听、狂笑、手舞足蹈,治疗：,阿托品,（2）神经、精神型,神经、精神毒型,毒蕈,2006-4-27,15,毒蝇伞：毒蝇碱,Amanita muscaria,桔黄裸伞：幻觉原,Gymnopilus spectabilis,花褶伞,：光盖伞素,Panaeolus retirugis,Food poisoning,2006-4-27,Food poisoning,16,鹿花菌：鹿花蕈素,Gyromitra esculenta,（3）溶血型,鹿花菌：鹿花蕈素,毒蕈：鹿花蕈,毒素：鹿花蕈素（gyromitrin）,甲基联胺类化合物,溶于热水，具挥发性,机理：溶血毒素,症状：以恶心、呕吐、腹泻等胃肠道症状为主，溶血性黄疸、肝脾肿大、血红蛋白尿等,治疗：肾上腺皮质激素,（4）脏器损害型,毒蕈：毒伞属、褐磷小伞属、秋生盔孢伞,毒素：毒肽类（phallotoxins）与毒伞肽类,(amanitoxins），为细胞原浆类剧毒物质，,对人致死剂量为0.1mg/kg.bw.,病程发展：一般可分为 6 期,治疗：二巯基丙磺酸钠,Food poisoning,脏器损害型中毒病情发展,潜伏期：,1024 h,胃肠炎期：恶心、呕吐、腹痛、水样便,假愈期：症状缓解或仅有轻微乏力，不思饮食,脏器损害期：肝、肾、心、脑等脏器损害,精神症状期：烦燥不安、倦怠思睡，继而惊劂、,昏迷，甚至死亡,恢复期：,23 W,Food poisoning,2006-4-27,Food poisioning,19,毒伞：毒伞肽类Amanita phalloids,褐磷小伞：毒伞十肽,Lepiota helveola,秋生盔孢伞,：毒伞肽类,Galerina autamnalis,脏器损害型,毒蕈,Food poisoning,毒蕈中毒的预防,鉴别：分类学鉴定,动物试验,不要采食不认识或可疑的蘑菇,Food poisoning,kidney,bean,poisoning,四季豆因地区不同又称为豆角、莱豆、梅豆角、芸扁豆等，四季豆中含有一种叫皂素的生物碱，这种物质对消化道粘膜有较强的刺激性，会引起胃肠道局部充血、肿胀及出血性炎症。此外，皂素还能破坏红细胞，引起溶血症状。,皂素主要在四季豆的外皮内，只要加热至100C以上，使四季豆皮彻底煮熟，就能破坏其毒性。,Food poisoning,四季豆中毒的潜伏期为数十分钟至数小时。中毒症状主要为胄肠炎表现，如恶心、呕吐、腹痛、腹污、排无脓血的水样便。呕吐少则数次，多者可过10余次。多数中毒者有四肢麻木，胃烧灼感、心慌和背疼等感觉。此外还有头晕、失痛、胸闷、出冷汗和畏寒等神经系统症状。四季豆中毒的病程较短，一般在12天内，甚至数小时内就可恢夏健康,Clinical Manifestation,Food poisoning,Treatment,1.轻症中毒者，只须静卧休息，少量多次地饮服糖开水或浓茶水，必要时可服镇静剂如安定、利眠宁等。2.中毒严重者，若呕吐不止，造成脱水，或有溶血表现，应及时送医院治疗。3.民间方用甘草、绿豆适量煎汤当茶饮，有一定的解毒作用。,Food poisoning,黄花菜中毒,类秋水仙素碱,Food poisoning,苦杏仁、桃仁、李子仁、枇杷仁、木薯中毒,氰甙,粗制棉籽油中毒,棉酚,白果中毒,银杏酸、银杏碱,