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,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,译林外语培训学校,小学青少语法班,-时态篇,Review(形容词)：,1. 定义：,用来说明或修饰名词、代词的词称为形容词。,（1）形容词,在,句,中,作用：,作句子中名词的定语、句子的表语以及宾语补足语,(2)、形容词在句子中的位置：,a,作定语时放在名词的前面,且音节少的词放在音节多的词之前。,（好美小高状其新，彩色国料特别亲）,限定词-数词-描绘词（大小长短形状新旧颜色）-出处-材料性质，类别-名词,如：a big yellow wooden wheel(一个黄色的大木轮),b,作表语时放在连系动词之后,。,如：The,cat is lovely.,c,作宾语补足语时放在宾语之后,。,如：We must try our best to keep our environment clean.,形容词的分类：,1.,分类：形容词有,原级,、,比较级,和,最高级,三级。,原级变为比较级和最高级有,规则变化,和,不规则,变化两种。,A:,规则变化,：,原级变为比较级，末尾-er加上去；,末尾若是辅元辅，双写辅音要牢记；,若是以y结尾时，变y为i加er;,若是以e结尾时，直接加r就可以。,原级变为最高级，末尾-est加上去；,末尾若是辅元辅，双写辅音要牢记；,若是以y结尾时，变y为i加est;,若是以e结尾时，直接加st就可以。,两个音节或两个以上的音节的,在原级前加more /,the,most.,原级,比较级,最高级,g,ood,好的,better,更好的,（the）,best,最好的,well,好；(,身体,),好的,bad,badly,糟糕的,糟糕地,worse,更糟糕的,更糟糕地；,(,身体,),更不舒服的,(the),worst,最糟糕的,最糟糕地；,(,身体,),最不舒服的,ill,(,身体,),不舒服的,m,any,许多的(,可数,),more,更,多的；更,(the),most,最多的；最,m,uch,许多的(,不可数,),；非常,l,ittle,少的,less,更少的,(the),least,最少的,B: 比较级和最高级的不规则：,形容词的用法,：,(1)讲述某人/物自身的情况时,用原级。,基本句型是：,主语（sb/sth）+谓语动词+（very、quite、too、rather）+形容词或副词。,（2）两个人或物体进行比较，基本句型是：,主语（sb/sth）+谓语动词+形容词比较级 +than +其他。,(3)讲述某人/物是一群之中最突出的一个时,用最高级。,句型是：,主语（sb/sth）+谓语动词+（the）+形容词最高级+in/of.,如：The Changjiang River is the longest in China.,副词：,1.定义：,用来说明事情发生的时间、地点、原因、方式等含义或说明其他形容词 或副词程度的词叫做副词。,2. 构成：形容词后加ly,slow-slowly beautiful-beautifully,3.比较级和最高级的变化：,在原级前加more / the most.,e.g.:,beautifully-more beautifully-the most beautifully,slowly-more slowly-the most slowly,时态：,1. 定义：是一种动词形式，不同的时态用以表示不同的时间与方式。,是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。,因此，当我们说时态结构的时候，指的是相应时态下的动词形式。,2. 分类：,在语法里，时或时态表示行为发生的时间和说话时的关系。一般分为过去式、现在式、未来式，通常也有与表示动作进行或终止的进行式和完成式等体貌一起相连用的情况。,一般现在时：,1. I often go to school on foot.,2. Bonny is a lovely girl.,3. She always does her homework at home.,4. I go to the park on Sundays.,5. Light travels faster than sound.,一般现在时：,1. 定义:,表示现阶段经常或习惯发生的动作或存在的状态,或说明主语的特征。,2. 时间状语：always,usually,often,sometimes,every week (day,year,month,),once a week,on Sundays,e.g.: They go to the Palace Museum once a year.,They often discuss business in the evening.,3. 句子结构：,主语+be（am，is，are）+其他.,主语+动词（动词的三单）+其他.,一般现在时：,表示客观真理、事实、人的技能或现在,的状态时句子里一般不用时间状语。,如：,The earth turns round the sun.,Practise:,1. She _ (study) hard.,2. They usually _(have) their breakfast at six on Sundays.,3. I usually _(play) football on Friday afternoon.,4. The shop _(open) at nine every day.,5. The picture _(look) very beautiful.,6. Su Yang usually _(wash) clothes on Saturdays.,句子变形：,1. 肯定句变成否定句：,A: 句子有,be动词或情态动词,(can,may,must,would,could),在be动词情态动词(can,may,must,would,could)之后,加上not.,e.g: I am a little girl. - I am not(Im not) a little girl.,You can get up early.-You cant get up early.,B：句子有,实义动词,：用,do/does not,来否定，后面动词还原。,e.g: I run in the playground every day.,I dont run in the playground every day.,She runs in the playground every day.,She doesnt run in the playground every day.,2. 肯定句变成一般疑问句：,A: 句子有be动词或情态动词(can,may,must,would,could)：,将be动词或者情态动词(can,may,must,would,could)提前，其他照抄.,e.g: I am a little girl. -Are you a little girl? Yes, I am./No,Im not.,You can get up early.- Can you get up early?,Yes, I can./No,I cant.,B：句子有实义动词：,用do/does 提前，其他照抄，动词还原 原形。,e.g: I run in the playground every day.,Do you run in the playground every day?,She runs in the playground every day.,Does she run in the playground every day?,PRACTISE:,1. Do you often play football after school? (,肯定回答,),2. I have many books.,（改为否定句）,3. Gao Shan likes playing table tennis,（改为否定句）,4. She lives in a small town near New York.,（改为一般疑问句）,5. I watch TV every day.,（改为一般疑问句）,6. David has a goal.,（改为一般疑问句）,7. We have four lessons.,（否定句）,8. Nancy doesn,t run fast,（肯定句）,一般过去时：,1,.,Mary,read,English yesterday morning.,2. Tom and Mary,came,to China last month.,3. I,called,Mike this morning.,4. Last week we,picked,many apples on the farm.,5. Jack,cleaned,the room just now.,一般过去时：,1. 定义：,表示过去某时发生的动作或状态,这种动作或状态可能是一次性,也可能 经常发生。（,过去的时间,）,表示过去具体时刻发生的一次性动作时,时间状语有：,at eight yesterday morning,ten minutes ago, when,引导的时间状语从句。,如：I got up at 6：00 this morning.,Little Tom broke the window at half past nine this morning.,When he went into the room,he saw a stranger talking with his father.,表示过去一段时间内不知何时发生的一次性动作时,时间状语有：,yesterday, last (year等), in (1998 等)。,如：He came to our city in the year 2000.,表示过去一个阶段中经常发生的事情时,时间状语有：,last, in, from,to, for(10 years),often,usually, sometimes, always, never,等。,Every day he went to the rich man and borrowed books from him.,一般过去时：,2. 时间状语：,a,go（two hours ago（一段时间+ago），yesterday，the day before yesterday,last week,last(year,night,month,),过去,具体时间（如Jan.fourth),just now,at the age of,one day,long,long,ago,once upon a time(很久以前),this morning,.,.,ago.,3. 句子结构：,主语+动词过去式+其他；,主语,+was/were,+其他。,否定形式 was/were+not;,在行为动词前加didnt，同时还原行为动词；,一般疑问句 Did+主语 +动词原形+其他？,一般过去时练习：,1.,Tom _ (begin) to learn Chinese last year.,2,.,Last week we _ (pick) many apples on the farm.,3,.,My mother _ (not do) housework yesterday.,4,.,She watches TV every evening. But she _ (not watch) TV last night.,5,._ your father _ ( go ) to work every day last year?,6,. What time _ you _ (get) to Beijing yesterday?,We _ (get) to Beijing at 9:00 in the evening.,动词的过去式：,动词变化规则,规则变化,：,1直接加ed：,work,worked,look,looked,play,played,2以e结尾的单词，直接加d：,live,lived,hope,hoped,use,used,3,.,以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i加ed：,study,studied,carry,carried,worry,worried,4,.,以元音字母+y结尾的，直接加ed：,enjoy,enjoyed,play,played,5 以重读闭音节结尾的，双写最后的辅音字母+ed：,stop,stopped,plan,planned,过去式：,不规则变化：,AAA型 过去式、过去分词与原形一致,原形,过去式 词义,cut,cut,切、割,shut,shut 关、闭（门窗）,put,put,放置,let,let 让,set,set 设置,hit,hit 撞击,hurt,hurt 受伤；疼痛,cost,cost 值,钱；花费,read ri:d read red 朗读；阅读,AAB,型 过去式与原形一致,beat beat,击败,ABA,型 过去分词与原形一致,run ran,跑步；逃跑,come came,来,become became,变得；成为,ABB,型 过去式与过去分词一致,buy bought bought,买,fight fought fought,打架；打仗,think thought thought,想；认为,seek sought sought,寻找；探究,bring brought brought,带来,catch caught caught,抓住；接住,teach taught taught,教；教书,lend lent lent,借出,send sent sent,送；派遣,spend spent spent,花费（时间、金钱）,build built built,建设；建立,feel felt felt,感觉；摸起来,leave left left,离开,keep kept kept,保持；保留,sleep slept slept,睡觉,sweep swept swept,打扫,mean mi:n meant ment meant ment,意思是,learn learnt / learned learnt /learned,学；学会,burn burnt / burned burnt / burned,燃烧；烧伤,hear hiE heard hE:d heard hE:d,听见,lead led led,领导；致使,mislead misled misled,把,引错方向,feed fed fed,喂养；喂食,meet met met,遇见；碰到,shoot shot shot,射击,light lit / lighted lit / lighted,点燃,get got got,获得；得到,win won won,获胜；赢得,sit sat sat,坐下,sell sold sold,出售,tell told told,告诉,smell smelt smelt,闻；嗅,spell spelt spelt,拼写,hold held held,拿着；握住,find found found,找到；发现,stand stood stood,站立,understand understood understood,理解,say sei said sed said sed,说,have /has had had,有,make made made,制作,lose lu:z lost lRst lost lRst,丢,失,A,BC型 原形、过去式、过去分词不一致,begin began begun 开始,drink drank drunk 喝；饮,sing sang sung 唱歌,swim swam swum 游泳,fly flew flown 飞；放（风筝）,know knew nju: known 知道；懂得,grow grew grown 种植；生长,throw threw thrown 扔；投,d,raw drew drawn 绘画,show showed shown 出示；给看,break broke broken 打破；不服从,speak spoke spoken 说话,choose chose chosen 选择,freeze froze frozen 冻结,wake woke woke / woken 醒来；唤醒,forget forgot forgotten 忘记,take took taken,拿走,shake shook shaken,摇动；握（手）,eat ate eaten,吃,fall fell fallen,落下；摔倒,rise rose risen rizn,上升；上涨,drive drove driven drivn,驾驶,give gave given,给,forgive forgave forgiven,原谅,see saw seen,看见,ride rode ridden,骑（车、马）,hide hid hidden,躲藏,write wrote written,书写,wear wore worn,穿、戴（衣帽等）,am / is was been,是,are were been,是,do / does did done,做,go went gone,去,lie lay lain,躺；卧,Happy new year!,
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