《窑洞建筑分析》PPT课件

,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Logo,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Logo,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Logo,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Logo,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Logo,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Logo,*,Click to edit Master title style,Logo,Add Your Company Slogan,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Click to edit Master title style,*,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Click to edit Master title style,Logo,*,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Click to edit Master title style,Logo,*,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Click to edit Master title style,Logo,*,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Click to edit Master title style,Logo,*,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Click to edit Master title style,Logo,*,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Click to edit Master title style,Logo,*,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Click to edit Master title style,Logo,*,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Click to edit Master title style,Logo,*,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Click to edit Master title style,Logo,*,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Click to edit Master title style,Logo,*,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Click to edit Master title style,Logo,*,Logo,Add Your Company Slogan,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Click to edit Master title style,*,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Click to edit Master title style,Logo,*,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Click to edit Master title style,Logo,*,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Click to edit Master title style,Logo,*,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Click to edit Master title style,Logo,*,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Click to edit Master title style,Logo,*,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Click to edit Master title style,Logo,*,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Click to edit Master title style,Logo,*,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Click to edit Master title style,Logo,*,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Click to edit Master title style,Logo,*,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Click to edit Master title style,Logo,*,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Click to edit Master title style,Logo,*,Logo,Add Your Company Slogan,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Click to edit Master title style,*,Logo,Add Your Company Slogan,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Click to edit Master title style,*,民居建筑分析,窑洞,Logo,Content,Title 1,Contents,1,Content,Title 1,2,Content,Title 1,3,Content,Title 1,4,Content,Title 1,5,窑洞的形成条件,Logo,窑洞是中国西北黄土高原上居民的古老的居住形式，这一“穴居式,”,民居的历史可以追溯到四千多年前。在中国陕甘宁地区，黄土层非常厚，中国人民创造性利用高原有利的地形，凿洞而居，创造了被称为绿色建筑的窑洞建筑。,Logo,深达一二百米、极难渗水、直立性很强的黄土为窑洞提供了很好的发展前景。,气候干燥、木材少也为它创造了发展和延续的契机,窑洞民居的分布,Logo,窑洞民居大致集中在五个地区，即晋中、豫西、陇东、陕北、冀西北。,Logo,窑洞分类,按形式可大致分为三类：,靠崖式窑洞（崖窑）,窑洞 下沉式窑洞（地窑）,独立式窑洞（箍窑）,靠崖式窑洞（崖窑）,靠崖式窑洞有靠山式和沿沟式，窑洞常呈现曲,线或折线型排列，有和谐美观的建筑艺术效果,。在山坡高度允许的情况下，有时布置几层台,梯式窑洞，类似楼房。,靠崖式窑洞（崖窑）,下沉式窑洞（地窑）,下沉式窑洞就是地下窑洞，主要分布在黄土塬区-没有山坡、沟壁可利用的地区。,这种窑洞的作法是：先就地挖下一个方形地坑，然后再向四壁凿洞，形成一个四合院。人在平地，只能看见地院树梢，不见房屋。,根据窑洞的下沉幅度可以将其分为平地型、半下沉型和全下沉型三种形式。,下沉式窑洞（地窑）,缺点：,潮湿；窑洞上方不能种植物，浪费土地,优点：,建筑寿命长；冬暖夏凉；防火性强；抗震性好；是最环保和生态的建筑形式之一。,独立式窑洞（箍窑）,独立式窑洞是一种掩土的拱形房屋，有土墼土坯拱窑洞也有砖拱石拱窑洞。这种窑洞无需靠山依崖，能自身独立，又不失窑洞的优点。可为单层，也可建成为楼。若上层也是箍窑即称“窑上窑”；若上层是木结构房屋则称“窑上房”。,独立式窑洞（箍窑）,窑上房,按材料可大致分为三类：,土窑,石窑,砖窑,窑洞的特性,经济适用性：,建在黄土高原的沿山与地下，是天然黄土中的穴居形式，用挖出的土筑墙，省材省料；简单易修、经济省钱。,Logo,舒适耐用性：,Logo,窑洞拱顶式的构筑，符合力学原理，顶部压力一分为二，分至两侧，重心稳定，分力平衡，