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第二部分,专题四语法填空,知识运用篇,无提示词填空,第五讲并列句和三大从句,1,技能突破,3,随堂训练,2,走出误区,4,复习练案,技 能 突 破,技法,1,：依据上下逻辑，选择并列句连词,高考语法填空不仅考查词汇和固定搭配，还要考查句子之间的逻辑关系，高考有关并列句连词的考查题目几乎每年都有。,(2017,北京高考,)Peter,，,please send us postcards _ well know where you have visited.,No problem.,解题思路,分析句子结构,此题中有两个主谓的句子,根据句子间关系,可判断两句之间存在因果关系,尝试解答：,_,so,技法解读,并列连词主要是用来表示并列、转折、选择、因果推理,等关系。也可用来连接平行的词、词组或分句。,1,表示并列关系的连词：,and,和；,both.and.,两者都；,either.or.,或者,或者,；,neither.nor.,既不,也不,；,as well as,也，连同；,not only.,but(also,),.,不但,而且,。,Bob,as well as,his parents is going on holiday this summer.,鲍勃和他的父母今年夏天要去度假。,2,表示转折关系的并列连词：,but,但是；,yet,然而；,still,仍然；,while,然而。,The winter in Beijing is very cold,while,that of,Kunming,is warm.,北京的冬天很冷，然而昆明的冬天却很温暖。,3,表示选择关系的连词：,or,或者；,or else,否则；,otherwise,否则；,neither.nor.,既不,也不,；,either.or.,或者,或者,。,Neither,you,nor I nor,anyone else believes such things.,不管你我或者其他任何人都不会相信这些事。,4,表示因果推理关系的连词主要有,so,，,for,，,then,，,therefore,等。,The leaves of the trees are falling,，,for,its already autumn.,树叶在落下，因为秋天已经到来了。,5,when,也可作并列连词用，意为,“,这时，那时,”,，相当于,and at this/that time,，常用于以下句式：,be doing.when.,；,be about to do,/going to do/,on the point of doing.when.,；,had just done.when,。,(2015,广东高考,)One day,，,the cow was eating grass _ it began to rain heavily.,(2014,全国卷,)But river wasnt changed in a few days _ even a few months.,(2013,辽宁高考,)Go to the village and buy some salt,，,but pay a fair price for it,：,neither too much _ too little.,when,or,nor,(2014,北京高考改编,)Some animals carry seeds from one place to another,，,_ plants can spread to new places.,(2015,北京高考改编,)He is a shy man,，,_ he is not afraid of anything or anyone.,(2014,天津高考改编,)Give me a chance,，,_Ill give you a wonderful surprise.,so,but,and,技法,2,：按照先行词所作成分，,选择定语从句关系词,定语从句是考生学习的重点和难点，其关键是确定关系词。,(2016,全国卷,)But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s,，,_ I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas.,解题思路,分析句子结构,名词,(,先行词,),主语系动词表语其他成分,可判断此处为定语从句,判断先行词指人还是指物,先行词指时间,判断先行词在从句中所作成分,在句中作状语,尝试解答：,_,when,技法解读,1.,分析句子成分，判定关系词,(1),当定语从句部分缺少主语、宾语、定语时，要想到,分别采用,who(,指人,),/that(,指人或物,)/,which(,指物,),，,whom(,指人,),，,whose(,指人或物,),。,The person,who,called yesterday wants to buy the house.,昨天打电话的人想买这套房子。,I like the book best,whose,cover is green.,我最喜欢封皮是绿色的这本书。,(2),当定语从句部分缺少时间状语、地点状语、原因状语时，,要想到,分别采用,when,，,where,，,why,。,I still remember the day,when,I first came to this school.,我仍旧记得第一次来这个学校的那一天。,(1)that,不能引导非限制性定语从句。,(2)which,引导非限制性定语从句，可以代表主句的全部或者部分内容。,Tom failed again in the match,，,which,was a great pity.,汤姆在比赛中又一次失利了，这是一个非常大的遗憾。,(3)as/which,引导非限制性定语从句的区别：,as,和,which,都可引导非限制性定语从句，代表主句的内容。,as,在句中的位置比较灵活，意为,“,正如，正像,”,；,which,只能用在句中，意为,“,这，这一点,”,。,The mother tried to persuade her son to give up smoking,，,which,didnt help.,母亲竭力说服儿子放弃吸烟，但没有效果。,As,is known to all,，,China is a developing country.,众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。,2.,“,介词关系代词,”,引导的定语从句,(1),介词后填写关系代词时，只可能为,which(,指物,),或,whom(,指人,),，不能用,that,。,(2),关系副词,when,，,where,在定语从句中，一般可改为,“,介词,which,”,的情况。而,why,在定语从句中可替换为,for which,。,I saw some trees,，,the leaves,of which,were black with disease.,我看到一些树，树叶由于疾病是黑色的。,(3),“,名词,of which,”,常代替,“,whose,名词,”,在定语从句中作定语。,He mentioned a book,，,the,title of which,(,whose title,),Ive forgotten.,他提到了一本书，书的名字我已经忘了。,(2016,全国卷,)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius,，,_ lived from roughly 551 to 479 B C,，,influenced the development of chopsticks.,(2015,全国卷,)Id skipped nearby,Guilin,，,a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River _ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.,(2015,广东高考,)When harvest came,around.he,was already selling herbs,，,vegetables and cotton in the market _ people from the town met regularly.,who,that/which,where,技法,3,：判断从句所缺成分，选择名,词性从句连接词,名词性从句一直很受高考命题者的青睐，主要考查名词性从句中连接词的用法。有时候，会结合插入语使句子结构复杂化，使难度增加。,(2015,全国卷,)As natural architects,，,the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly_ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.,分析句子结构,此句,_thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days,在动词短语,figure out,之后,可判断为宾语从句,根据从句中所缺成分,从句中缺少一个修饰形容词的连接副词,尝试解答：,_,how,技法解读,1,紧抓名词性从句的基本定义，掌握其引导词。,引导词,用法,连词,that,，,whether,，,if,等,均不在句中作成分。,that,没有意义，引导宾语从句时可省略；,whether,和,if,意为,“,是否,”,，在宾语从句中一般可互换，但在其他名词性从句中只能用,whether,连接,代词,what,，,who,，,whom,，,which,，,whatever,，,whoever,，,whichever,等,在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等成分,连接,副词,when,，,where,，,why,，,how,，,whenever,，,wherever,，,however,等,在从句中作状语,2.,注意以下两点。,当句子作主语,/,宾语时往往显得,“,头重脚轻,”,，故常用,it,作形式主语,/,形式宾语，而把真正的主语,/,宾语放在后,面。,It,had never occurred to him that he might be falling in love with her.,他从来没想到过他也许爱上了她。,The teacher made it clear that ice cream is junk food.,老师使大家明白了冰激凌是垃圾食品。,“,the reason why.,be,that,从句,”,形式的表语从句。,The reason why,he moved to Australia was,that,he wanted to have a good knowledge of Australian literature.,他移居澳大利亚的原因是想学习,(,精通,),澳大利亚文学。,3,what,引导名词性从句的五种用法：表示,“,的东西或,事情,”,；表示,“,的人或样子,”,；表示,“,的数量或数目,”,；表示,“,的时间,”,；表示,“,的地方,”,。,In 1492,，,Columbus reached,what,is now called America.1492,年哥伦布到达了现在所称的美洲大陆。,(2014,广东高考,)I didnt unders
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