农学考试练习题课件

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,部分习题,部分习题,P47/1,(1),总体是指所研究的,金针虫,总体；,(2),样本是指从金针虫总体中随机抽取的,6,个个体,组成的样本；,(3),变数是指金针虫的,头数,；,(4),观察值是指变数的,6,个取值,为,6,个观察值。,P47/1,组,限,组中值（,y,）,划线计数,次数（,）,24.5 27.5,26,2,27.5 30.5,29, ,7,30.5 33.5,32, ,24,33.5 36.5,35, ,41,36.5 39.5,38, ,21,39.5 42.5,41,4,42.5 45.5,44,45.5 48.5,47,1,P47/2,极差,=46,-,26=20,；组数,=7,；组距,=20/7=2.85713,100,个小区水稻产量资料的次数分布表,组 限组中值（y）划线计数 次数（）24.5 27,100,个小区水稻产量资料的方柱形图,P47/3,100个小区水稻产量资料的方柱形图P47/3,100,个小区水稻产量资料的多边形图,100个小区水稻产量资料的多边形图,P47/4,直接法,:,加权法,:,P47/4加权法:,P47/5,等级差法,:,假定,y,0,=35,，,P47/5,P47/6,BS24,：,金皇后：,P47/6金皇后：,P47/7,10,株小麦的分蘖数为：,3,，,6,，,2,，,5,，,3,，,3,，,4,，,3,，,4,，,3,。,n,=10,，,y,3,=2,，,y,7,=4,，,y,2,-,1,=,y,1,=3,，,y,2,1=6,1=5,P47/8,P47/7P47/8,P72/2,P72/2,P72/3,在回交后代,200,株中，杂合体非糯稻与纯合体糯稻出现的概率各为,1/2,，即杂合体非糯稻与纯合体糯稻各有,100,株。,F,1,自交得,F,2,代的分离作,3:1,遗传比率，即非糯稻为,0.75,，糯稻为,0.25,，这一分布属离散型随机变数的概,率分布,二项式分布,。,P72/3 在回交后代200株中，杂合体非糯稻与纯合体糯稻,P72/4,非糯稻：,Np,=20000.75=1500,；糯稻：,Nq,=20000.25=500,受害株数,概率函数,P,(,y,),P,(0),0.0010,0.0010,0.40,P,(1),0.0146,0.0156,5.84,P,(2),0.0879,0.1035,35.16,P,(3),0.2637,0.3672,105.48,P,(4),0.3955,0.7627,158.20,P,(5),0.2373,1.0000,94.92,调查单位为,5,株的概率分布表,(,p,=0.75,，,q,=0.25,，,n,=400),400.00,P72/4受害株数P(0)0.00100.00100.40P,样本平均数,(,成数,),的抽样分布,:,样本总和数,(,次数,),的抽样分布,:,样本平均数(成数)的抽样分布:样本总和数(次数)的抽样分布:,P73/6,P73/6,P73/7,N,(16,，,4),P73/7 N(16，4),P73/8,N,=5,，,n,=2,P73/8 N=5，n=2,次数（,）,1.0,1,1.5,2,2.0,3,2.5,4,3.0,5,3.5,4,4.0,3,4.5,2,5.0,1,5,2,个样本平均数分布的次数分布表,次数（）1.011.522.032.543.053.54,5,2,个样本平均数分布的次数分布图,52个样本平均数分布的次数分布图,平均数分布的方柱形图作正态分布。,由,25,个平均数构成的新总体平均数与方差,:, 平均数分布的方柱形图作正态分布。由25个平均数构成的,P73/9,P73/9 ,P73/10,结果为：,0,，,1,，,0,，,0,，,1,，,1,，,0,，,1,，,1,，,0,P73/10 结果为：0，1，0，0，1，1，0，1,P97/4,P97/4,P97/5,否定无效假设，接受备择假设。,P97/5否定无效假设，接受备择假设。,P97/6,否定,H,0,接受,H,0,P97/6 否定H0接受H0,P97/7,接受,H,0,P97/7 接受H0,P97/8,接受,H,0,P97/8 接受H0,P97/9,P97/9 ,接受,H,0,接受H0,P97/10,去 雄,28,30,31,35,30,34,30,28,34,32,未去雄,25,28,29,29,31,25,28,27,32,27,d,3,2,2,6,-1,9,2,1,2,5,P97/10 去 雄2830313530343028,否定,H,0,去 雄,28,30,31,35,30,34,30,28,34,32,未去雄,25,28,29,29,31,25,28,27,32,27,否定H0去 雄283031353034302834,成组数据,(,t,=2.905),成对数据,(,t,=3.444),，即,成组数据,容易犯,第二类错误,。, 成组数据(t=2.905)成对,P97/11,接受,H,0,P97/11 接受H0,令,属真实差异,令属真实差异,P127/5,4,组数据,编,号,T,i,n,i,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,组,1,8,10,1,6,4,7,8,2,46,5.75,8,组,2,9,2,11,5.50,2,组,3,6,5,0,7,3,7,28,4.67,6,组,4,16,8,6,11,41,10.25,4,P127/5 4组数据编 号Ti ni 1 2 3,组,1,组,2,组,3,组,4,组1组2组3组4,两种计算方法结果完全相同。,与总变异平方和完全相同。,两种计算方法结果完全相同。与总变异平方和完全相同。,种植密度,(,株、,667,),千,粒,重,1,2,3,4,2000,247,258,256,251,1012,253,4000,238,244,246,236,964,241,6000,214,227,221,218,880,220,8000,210,204,200,210,824,206,测定,4,种密度下金皇后玉米的千粒重结果,P128/6,种植密度(株、667)千 粒 重 12342000,农学考试练习题课件,方 差 分 析 表,变异来源,DF,SS,MS,F,F,0.05,F,0.01,处 理 间,3,5304,1768,69.79,*,3.49,5.95,误,差,12,304,25.33,总,变,异,15,5608,方 差 分 析 表变异来源DF SS MS F F0,多重比较时的,LSR,a,值计算,种植密度的差异显著性,(,SSR,测验,),结论,：金皇后玉米的千粒重在不同的密度下有极显著的差异，种植密度愈高千粒重愈低。,p,SSR,0.05,SSR,0.01,LSR,0.05,LSR,0.01,2,3.08,4.32,7.76,10.89,3,3.23,4.55,8.14,11.47,4,3.33,4.68,8.39,11.79,处,理,平均千粒重,差异显著性,5%,1%,2000,253,a,A,4000,241,b,B,6000,220,c,C,8000,206,d,D,多重比较时的LSRa值计算 种植密度的差异显著性(SSR,P128/7,3,个稻田的农药残留量,T,=27.0,稻,田,1,2,3,水,样,1,2,3,1,2,3,1,2,3,残留量,1.1,1.3,1.2,1.3,1.3,1.4,1.8,2.1,2.2,1.2,1.1,1.0,1.4,1.5,1.2,2.0,2.0,1.9,水样,T,ij,2.3,2.4,2.2,2.7,2.8,2.6,3.8,4.1,4.1,稻田,T,i,6.9,8.1,12.0,稻田平均,1.15,1.35,2.00,P128/7 3个稻田的农药残留量T=27.0稻,农学考试练习题课件,方差分析表,变异来源,DF,SS,MS,F,F,0.05,F,0.01,稻 田 间,2,2.37,1.19,148.7,*,5.14,10.92,水 样 间,6,0.05,0.008,1,水 样 内,9,0.16,0.018,总 变 异,17,2.58,方差分析表变异来源DFSSMSFF0.05F0.01稻 田,多重比较时的,LSR,a,值计算,种植密度的差异显著性,(,SSR,测验,),结论,：水样间无显著差异；稻田间有极显著的差异，稻田,3,农药污染最重，稻田,2,次之，稻田,1,最轻。,p,SSR,0.05,SSR,0.01,LSR,0.05,LSR,0.01,2,3.46,5.24,0.1263,0.1913,3,3.58,5.51,0.1307,0.2011,处,理,平均残留量,差异显著性,5%,1%,稻 田,3,2.00,a,A,稻 田,2,1.35,b,B,稻 田,1,1.15,c,C,多重比较时的LSRa值计算 种植密度的差异显著性(SSR,P128/8,5,个水稻品种干物质的干物质积累量,品种,样点,干物质重量,T,ij,T,i,甲,1,7.8,8.9,9.2,11.4,10.5,47.8,99.2,9.92,2,12.1,10.6,8.7,9.9,10.1,51.4,乙,3,7.4,8.8,8.9,7.8,9.8,42.7,76.4,7.64,4,6.2,6.6,5.3,7.5,8.1,33.7,丙,5,12.6,10.2,11.4,11.8,12.1,58.1,126.1,12.61,6,15.2,15.1,12.3,12.5,12.9,68.0,丁,7,5.8,4.7,6.6,7.4,7.9,32.4,68.8,6.88,8,6.4,6.8,8.1,7.2,7.9,36.4,戊,9,13.8,15.1,13.4,12.6,16.6,71.5,146.9,14.69,10,11.7,17.2,15.6,15.1,15.8,71.4,P128/8 5个水稻品种干物质的干物质积累量品种,农学考试练习题课件,方差分析表,变异来源,DF,SS,MS,F,F,0.05,F,0.01,品 种 间,4,435.1308,108.7827,24.37,*,5.19,11.39,样 点 间,5,22.3180,4.4636,2.58,*,2.45,3.51,样 点 内,40,69.1160,1.7279,总 变 异,49,526.5648,方差分析表变异来源DFSSMSFF0.05F0.01品 种,多重比较时的,LSRa,值计算,5,个水稻品种干物质的差异显著性,(,SSR,测验,),结论：,5,个水稻品种间有极显著的差异。其中，戊与丙、甲与乙、乙与丁间无显著差异；戊与甲、乙、丁间达极显著水平。,p,SSR,0.05,SSR,0.01,LSR,0.05,LSR,0.01,2,3,4,5,3.64,3.74,3.79,3.83,5.70,5.96,6.11,6.18,2.43,2.50,2.53,2.56,3.81,3.98,4.08,4.13,处,理,平均干物质量,差异显著性,5%,1%,戊,丙,甲,乙,丁,14.69,12.61,9.92,7.64,6.88,a,a,b,bc,c,A,AB,BC,C,C,多重比较时的LSRa值计算 5个水稻品种干物质的差异显著,P128/9 5,个小麦品种的黑穗病率（,%,）,反正弦转换,A,B,C,D,A,B,C,D,0.8,4.0,9.8,6.0,5.13,11.54,18.24,14.18,3.8,1.9,56.2,79.8,11.24,7.92,48.56,63.29,0.0,0.7,66.0,7.0,0.00,4.80,54.33,15.34,6.0,3.5,10.3,84.6,14.18,10.78,18.72,66.89,1.7,3.2,9.2,2.8,7.49,10.30,17.66,9.63,T,i,12.3,13.3,151.5,180.2,38.04,45.34,157.51,169.33,T,=357.3,T,=410.22,P128/9 5个小麦品种的黑穗病率,方差分析表,结论,：品种间差异不显著。,变异来源,DF,SS,MS,F,F,0.05,品 种 间,3,4767.33,1589.11,2.45,3.24,误 差,16,10365.32,647.83,总 变 异,19,15132.65,方差分析表结论：品种间差异不显著。变异来源DFSSMSFF0,方差分析表,结论,：数据转换后,品种间差异显著。说明转换后各品种的均方得到改进，从而提高了测验的灵敏度。,变异来源,DF,SS,MS,F,F,0.05,品 种 间,3,2982.94,994.31,3.34,*,3.24,误 差,16,4767.96,298.00,总 变 异,19,7750.09,方差分析表结论：数据转换后,品种间差异显著。说明转换后各品种,P143/1,接受,H,0,：差异不显著,P143/1接受H0：差异不显著,P143/2,6,个方差同质性测验的计算,1,33.64,4,134.56,3.5157,14.0628,2,14.27,4,57.08,2.6582,10.6328,3,16.94,4,67.76,2.8297,11.3188,4,1.28,4,5.12,0.2469,0.9876,5,2.56,4,10.24,0.9400,3.7600,6,2.04,4,8.16,0.7129,2.8516,24,282.92,10.9034,43.6136,P143/26个方差同质性测验的计算 133.644134.,否定,H,0,：差异显著,否定H0：差异显著,P143/3,测验下表各样本观察次数是否适合各相应的理论比率,样本号,理论比率,观察次数,A,a,n,3:1,3:1,1:1,15:1,134,240,76,240,36,120,56,13,170,360,132,253,P143/3测验下表各样本观察次数是否适合各相应的理论比率样,P144/4,接受,H,0,：差异不显著,P144/4接受H0：差异不显著,P144/5,200,个稻穗粒数分布与正态分布的适合性测验,每 穗 粒 数,次数,(,O,),理论次数,(,E,),组限,(,y,),组中点,25.5,30.5,28,1,-24.35,-2.42,0.0078,1.56,0.2010,30.5,35.5,33,3,-19.35,-1.92,0.0196,3.92,0.2159,35.5,40.5,38,10,-15.35,-1.42,0.0504,10.08,0.0006,40.5,45.5,43,21,-9.35,-0.93,0.0984,19.68,0.0872,45.5,50.5,48,32,-4.35,-0.43,0.1574,31.48,0.0086,50.5,55.5,53,41,0.65,0.06,0.1903,38.06,0.2271,55.5,60.5,58,38,5.65,0.56,0.1884,37.68,0.0027,60.5,65.5,63,25,10.65,1.06,0.1431,28.62,0.4579,65.5,70.5,68,16,15.65,1.55,0.0840,16.80,0.0381,70.5,75.5,73,8,20.65,2.05,0.0404,8.08,0.0008,75.5,80.5,78,3,25.65,2.54,0.0147,2.94,0.0012,80.5,85.5,83,2,30.65,3.04,0.0055,1.11,0.7136,P144/5200个稻穗粒数分布与正态分布的适合性测验每 穗,P144/6,接受,H,0,：差异不显著,P144/6接受H0：差异不显著,P144/7,杂交,F,3,代在室内与田间对某种病害反应的相关研究,H,0,:,两个变数相互独立；,H,A,:,两个变数彼此相关,否定,H,0,：差异极显著,田 间 反 应,温 室 幼 苗 反 应,R,i,抗 病,分 离,感 病,抗,病,142,(37.99),51,(114.21),3,(43.80),R,1,=196,分,离,13,(81.21),404,(244.16),2,(93.63),R,2,=419,感,染,2,(37.80),17,(113.63),176,(43.57),R,3,=195,C,i,C,1,=157,C,2,=472,C,3,=181,n,=810,P144/7杂交F3代在室内与田间对某种病害反应的相关研究H,P144/8,测验以下,4,个样本的分离是否一致符合,3,：,1,的分离比率,样本号,理论比率,观 察 次 数,A,a,n,3:1,134,36,170,1.3255,0.7882,28.38,3:1,240,120,360,13.3333,0.6667,80.00,1:1,76,56,132,21.3737,0.3333,32.24,15:1,240,13,253,53.2292,0.9486,12.34,合 计,690,225,915,P144/8测验以下4个样本的分离是否一致符合3：1的分离比,6,个方差同质性测验的计算,否定,H,0,：极显著,1,28.3799,169,4796.2031,3.3457,565.4201,2,79.9960,359,28718.5640,4.3820,1573.1296,3,32.2416,131,4223.6496,3.4733,454.9967,4,12.3358,252,3108.6216,2.5125,633.1514,911,40847.0383,13.7135,3226.6978,6个方差同质性测验的计算否定H0：极显著 128.37991,P246/12.6,（一）,1.F,测验,表,1,方差分析表,变异来源,平方和,自由度,均方,F,值,0.05,0.01,区组间,0.2712,3,0.0904,1.063,3.29,5.42,处理间,8.9721,5,1.7944,21.09,2.90,4.56,误差,1.2762,15,0.0851,总变异,10.5196,23,P246/12.6（一）1.F测验 表 1,2.,多重比较,处理,均值,5%,显著水平,1%,极显著水平,处理,6,7.550000,a,A,处理,5,7.125,ab,AB,处理,3,6.900000,b,BC,处理,1,6.45,c,CD,处理,2,6.2,c,DE,处理,4,5.7,d,E,2.多重比较处理均值5%显著水平1%极显著水平处理67.55,（二）,1.F,测验,方差分析表,变异来源,平方和,自由度,均方,F,值,0.05,0.01,处理间,8.9721,5,1.7944,20.872,2.77 4.25,处理内,1.5475,18,0.086,总变异,10.5196,23,（二）1.F测验方差分析表变异来源平方和自由度均方F值0,2.,多重比较,处理,均值,5%,显著水平,1%,极显著水平,F,7.5500001,a,A,E,7.125,ab,AB,C,6.9000001,b,BC,A,6.4499998,c,CD,B,6.1999998,c,DE,D,5.6999998,d,E,2.多重比较处理均值5%显著水平1%极显著水平F7.5500,P246/12.71.F,测验,拉丁方试验方差分析表,变异来源,平方和,自由度,均方,F,值,F,0.05,F,0.01,纵列,44.56,4,11.14,3.8770,3.26 5.41,横行,8.56,4,2.14,0.74478,3.26 5.41,处理,202.16,4,50.54,17.589,3.26 5.41,误差,34.48,12,2.8733,总和,289.76,24,P246/12.71.F测验拉丁方试验方差分析表变异来源,2.,多重比较,字母标记表示结果,处理,均值,5%,显著水平,1%,极显著水平,处理,A,27.8,a,A,处理,C,26.2,a,A,处理,B,25.6,a,A,处理,D,22.2,b,B,处理,E,20,b,B,2.多重比较 字母标记表示结果处理,P297/13.31.F,测验,方差分析表,(,固定模型,),变异来源,平方和,自由度,均方,F,值,0.01,区组间,1.16667,2,0.58333,1.8781,3.44,5.72,A,因素间,57.3333,3,19.1111,61.529,3.05,4.82,B,因素间,8.666667,2,4.33333,13.951,3.44,5.72,AxB,2,6,0.33333,1.0732,2.55,3.76,误差,6.83333,22,0.310606,总变异,76,35,P297/13.31.F测验方差分析表(固定,2.,多重比较,因素间字母标记表示结果,处理,均值,5%,显著水平,1%,极显著水平,A4,15.888889,a,A,A3,14.333333,b,B,A2,13.222222,c,C,A1,12.555555,d,C,2.多重比较因素间字母标记表示结果处理均值5%显著水,因素字母标记表示结果,处理,均值,5%,显著水平,1%,极显著水平,B3,14.5,a,A,B1,14.16667,a,A,B2,13.33333,b,B,2.,多重比较,因素字母标记表示结果处理均值5%显著水平1%极显著水平,组合字母标记表示结果,处理,均值,5%,显著水平,1%,极显著水平,12,16.666667,a,A,10,15.666667,b,AB,11,15.333333,b,AB,7,14.666667,bc,BC,9,14.666667,bc,BC,8,13.666667,cd,CD,4,13.666667,cd,CD,6,13.333333,d,CD,3,13.333333,d,CD,1,12.666667,d,DE,5,12.666667,d,DE,2,11.666667,e,E,组合字母标记表示结果处理均值5%显著水平1%极显著水平1,P297/13.41.F,测验,方差分析表,变异来源,平方和,自由度,均方,F,值,F,0.05,F,0.01,区组,0.1667,2,0.0833,因素,A,40.3333,1,40.3333,69.143,18.5 98.5,误差,1.1667,2,0.5833,因素,B,75,1,75,30,6.39 15.98,AxB,3,1,3,1.2,6.39 15.98,误差,10,4,2.5,总和,129.667,11,P297/13.41.F测验,2.,多重比较,主处理字母标记表示结果,处理,均值,5%,显著水平,1%,极显著水平,主处理,1,7.6666665,a,A,主处理,2,4,b,A,2.多重比较主处理字母标记表示结果处理均值5%显著水平1,2.,多重比较,副处理字母标记表示结果,处理,均值,5%,显著水平,1%,极显著水平,副处理,1,8.333333,a,A,副处理,2,3.3333333,b,B,2.多重比较副处理字母标记表示结果处理均值5%显著水平1%极,P190/9.5,回归方程,y=-0.00571+0.02343x,相关系数,R=0.999554,决定系数,R,2,=0.999108,t=74.85 t,0.05,=2.571,Sy/x=,0.00828078671210825,P190/9.5回归方程y=-0.00571+0.0234,P190/9.5,y=33.29539+0.7456x,相关系数,R=0.842384,决定系数,R,2,=0.709610,t=3.51,S,y/x,=4.96,P190/9.5y=33.29539+0.7456x,