教育专题：何时使用被动语态

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Passive Voice,一,.何时使用被动语态,1.,不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要,Paper is,made,from wood.,He was,wounded,in the fight.,2.,需要强调动作的承受者时,Books and,newspapers,in the reading room,mustnt be taken away.,He was,awarded,first,prize in that contest.,3,为了使语气婉转，避免提及自己或对方而使,用被动语 态，或由于修饰的需要，使用被动,语态，使句子得以更好的安排。,The construction of the new lab must be,completed by the end of next month.,Electricity is used to run machines,.,二,.,被动语态的构成,be+done,可以是被动语态，也可以是系表,结构形式,被动语态中，,done,可以带,by,短语，,而系表结构中,done,相当于,adj.,不带,by,短语。,The question is settled.,(,系表结构,),Such questions are settled by us.,(,被动语态,),The composition is well written.(,系表结构,),The composition is written with great care.,(,被动语态,),2,许多,verbs(broken,interested,shut,worried),既可以,用做,adj.,也可以在被动语态结构中做过去分,词.句中如果有,by,，通常是被动语态。,I was worried about you all night.(,表状态,),I was worried by mosquitoes all night.,表动作,The glass was broken by Jack.(,表动作,),The glass is broken.,(,表状态,),三.不同形式的被动语态,含有直宾和间宾的主动结构,变为被动时可,将其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动,一般是主语结构的间接宾语变为被动的主语。,He showed me his pictures.,I was shown his pictures by him.,His pictures were shown to me by him.,Aunt made me a new dress.,I was made a new dress by aunt.,A new dress was made for me by aunt.,2 含有复合宾语的主动句，宾补不变。,（,1）将宾语变为主语，宾补不变。,They call her XiaoLi.She is called XiaoLi.,（2)make,let,have,hear,watch,see,feel,notice.H 既动词后变做宾补的不定式一般不,加to,变为被动,必须加to.,My brother often made me do this and that,when I was young.,I was often made to do this and that by my,brother when I young.,I heard her move about in her room upstairs,last night.,She was heard to move about in her room,uptairs last night.,Did you see Jack take away the magazine,?,Was Jack seen to take away the magazine?,3.情态动词的被动语态。是由情态V+be+,p.p.构成,They can not find him.,He can not be found.,You must pay me for this.,I must be paid for this.,4.短语V的被动语态,一般来讲，只有及物V才有被动语态,因为只有,vt才能 有动作的承受者;但有许多由不及物动词,+介词及其他词类构成的短语动词，相当与及物,动词，可以有宾语。因 而可以有被动语态，但,应注意短语V是一个不可分割的 整体。变被动,时，不可丢掉构成短语的prep或adv.这样的短语,有：,look after,listen to,look at,pay attention to,take care of,look forward to,make use of,They had put out the fire before the firebrigade,arrived.,The fire had been put out before the fire-brigade,arrived.,5.有些动词用主动形式表被动含义.,The goods sells well.The door cant open.,6.有些词如want,need,require和 be worth后面,v-ing形式 为主动，意义为被动。,The room needs/wants/requires cleaning.,The book is worth reading.,7.主动语态中的宾语是从句，变成被动时使,用形式替代 词it.,We know that Britain is an island country.,Its known that Britain is an island country.,8.宾语为反身代词，相互代词及虚词it时，,不用被,只用主动。,I will do it myself.The man introduced,himself as Mr.Wang.,9.谓语动词是以下时，无被动。,happen,belong to,suit,fit(适合),have,let,join,fall,last（延长）,cost（花费）,break out（爆发）appear,burst out(迸发)，,hold(容纳)，lack（缺乏），agree with,（同意）.,10.据说类动词：,say,consider,think,report,know,believe,suggest,understand,hope,etc.,如：It is said that There is said to be,Sth./Sb.is said to,11.主动形式表被动,感官动词：sound,taste,smell,fell,look,seem等主语是物时；,一些vi主动形式表被动含义,open,close,shut,read,write,translate,wash,clean,lock,sell,wear,cut,cook,eat,weigh,drink,pay,draw,etc.,不定式to blame,to let（出租）作表语时，主动形式表,被动含义,You are to blame.,The house is to let.,表（sth）需要的need,want,require等后的动名词用,主动形式表被动含义,The house needs/wants/require repairing,be worth后的动名词主动形式表被动含义,The book is worth reading.,Make these sentences passive.,1.About a million tourists visit Florence each,year.,2.Ten million people visited London last year.,3.Leonardo da Vinci painted the Mona Lisa.,Florence is visited by about a million,tourists each year.,London was visited by ten million people,last year.,The Mona Lisa was painted by Leonardo,da Vinci.,1.The Moon Lisa wasn,t painted by Picasso.,2.The Great Wall of China was built by,thousands of workers.,The Moon Lisa wasnt painted by Picasso.,The Great Wall of China was built by,thousands of workers.,Correct the wrong statements.,Example:,-The Sagrada Fimilia was designed by an,English architect(Spanish),-No,it wasnt.It was designed by a,Spanish,architect.,1.The Louvre Art Gallery is located in,Athen.(Paris),2.Paris is situated on the coast.,No.it isnt.Its located in Paris.,London was visited by ten million people,last year.,3.Florence is visited by eight million tourists,every year.,4.Barcelona is known as the birthplace of,western civilization.,5.The Parthenon was built a hundred years,ago.(2.400 years ago.),No.it isnt.It was visited by one million,tourists every year.,No.it isnt.Athens in known as the,birthplace of western civilization.,No.it isnt.The Parthenon was built,2,400 years ago.,Thankyou,