英语综合改错技巧

*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,综合改错,10,处错误，每行一处，不包括拼写标点的错误，根据上下文，增，删，改正，替换某个词或词组，使短文连贯，结构正确,改错方法,改正,将文中错词用斜线（,/,）划去,(,或：用下划线标注,),，在后面横线上填入正确的词，表示替换该错词,删去,将文中错词用斜线（,/,）划去，在后 面横线上也划一斜线（,/,），表示该错词是多余的,增添,在文中两词间加“”号，表示有遗漏，然后在横线上填入遗漏的词的正确形式,改错考点,语法,语法点,类型：时态，语态，虚拟语气，非谓语动词，一致关系（主谓一致，单复数一致，代词一致，分词逻辑主语的一致，平行结构中成分的一致）等,词汇,1.,固定搭配错误,类型：介词短语，动词短语，形容词短语，固定句型中的词汇搭配,对策：熟练掌握常见搭配,2.,单词的使用不当,类型：在形式或意义上与正确的单词相似的单词；形容词及副词；冠词等,对策：熟悉常见形容词副词的用法；词汇辨析,篇章,1.,语意颠倒,语意表达上用了相反的词，造成上下文逻辑推理上的自相矛盾,对策：理解上下文,2.,指代关系的错误,人称代词，物主代词及指示代词的误用，导致指示不清，逻辑混乱，甚至前后矛盾,对策：理解上下文,3.,连接词错误,类型：句子之间的衔接,对策：理解上下文，区别并列，递进，转折等句子之间的关系,改错应试策略,1,.,通读全文，把握大意,迅速把握短文大意，确定文章总体时态,2.,以句子为单位，找出并改正容易辨认的错误,3.,运用改错技巧，找出并改正余下的错误,熟悉常见考点,4.,最后再通读一遍,检查,改错考点具体分析一，语法错误,1.,时态,常见时态及对应的时间状语,一般现在时：,every,sometimes,等,一般过去时：,yesterday,last week,an hour ago,the other day,in 1982,just now,等,一般将来时：,next week,in a week,等,现在完成时：,for,since,so far,ever,never,just,yet,till,up to now,in past years,always,等,过去完成时：,before,by,until,when,after,once,as soon as,等,过去进行时：,the whole morning,all day,while,等,如果从句表示的是客观事实，真理或一个人,/,物的经常性的特点或习惯，其时态通常用一般现在时，不受主句时态的影响,Mother told me that honesty is the best policy,注意上下文时态矛盾的情况,！,2.,被动语态,各个时态的被动语态,要点,不及物动词不能用于被动语态，如,appear,belong to,break out,occur,depart,happen,等,Great changes have taken place in my hometown,注意区别被动语态中的几个常用介词用法：,by,表示动作的执行者或施动者；,with,表示某种工具；,of,表示由某种材料制成（原料能直接看出）；,from,表示源于某种物质（但直接看不到原料）,3.,虚拟语气,要点,虚拟语气主要形式,用在一些表示愿望，建议，命令，要求等动词后，虚拟语气的形式为“,should”,动词原形，,should,可省略。如，,advise,ask,beg,command,decide,demand,desire,determine,insist,order,prefer,propose,recommend,request,require,suggest,urge,等,He advised that I see the doctor immediately,用在一些形容词之后的,that,分句中，形式为“,should,动词原形”，,should,可省略。如，,advisable,appropriate,desirable,essential,important,impossible,natural,necessary,strange,surprising,等,It is vitally important that you understand the danger,用在一些状语从句中，引导这些状语从句的有,as if/though,lest,for fear that,in case,even if/though,in order that,so long as,so that,等,He talks as if he knew all about it.,4.,非谓语动词,1,）不定式前是否接,to,在并列句中，当几个动词不定式具有同样的功能时，只用在第一个不定式之前,He decided to sit down and,to,listen to the lecture,以,why,引导的疑问句中不用,to,Why not,to,try again,在一些常见结构后不用，,had better,would rather,ratherthan,rather than,cannot but,do nothing but,等,He did nothing else but,to,cry,在一些动词后不用,to,，,make,hear,see,let,feel,watch,notice,等,I dont want to make you,to,cry,2,）应该使用分词的没有使用,The idea that,learn,a foreign language is hard is realized by every student.,The decision,has,been made,what is to be done now is how to carry it out.,3,）非谓语动词的三种形式相互混淆,现在分词表示的动作是,主动的，进行的,过去分词表示的动作是,完成的，被动的,Boiling water boiled water,A puzzling question,An excited girl,一些动词后面既可跟不定式也可跟动名词，但意义不同,Forget,remember,regret,4.,一致关系,1,）主谓一致,有插入成分的句子,The child,being taken care of by his grandparents,are,deaf and mute.,对主语进行限定的定语从句,The book many students found interesting,were,written by a famous American scientist.,倒装句,Standing in a line along the corridor,is,groups of young pioneers who will set out on an expedition.,不定式短语或动名词短语作句子的主语,谓语用单数,To,err,are,human.,用,bothand,连接两个名词作主语，谓语用复数,Both New York and London,has,traffic problems.,单数名词做主语，后面紧跟,as well as,no less than,rather than,more than,but,except,besides,with,accompanied by,along with,together with,like,including,in addition to,等时，谓语用单数,The teacher as well as the students,like,this painting.,用,eitheror,or,neithernor,not onlybut also,等连接的名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的形式要同最近的主语保持一致，即就近原则,Either the principle or his assistants,is,to attend the meeting.,并列名词短语后多用复数,Now my picture and the prize,is,hanging in the library.,2,）名词单复数一致,熟悉不可数名词,Advice,assistance,education,equipment,furniture,luggage,work,等,I have just found a,work(job).,熟悉不规则名词，集体名词，常见用法等,不规则名词,：,foot-feet,mouse-mice,goose-geese,crisis-crises,analysis-analyses,hypothesis-hypotheses,phenomenon-phenomena,集体名词：这类词多用作复数，也可作单数，视情况而定。如果指整体概念，谓语单数；如指具体成员，谓语复数。,Army,audience,class,club,committee,crowd,crew,couple,family,jury,faculty,village,等,一些有生命集体名词作主语时，谓语只用复数，如,cattle,people,police,youth,mankind,personnel;,无生命的集体名词作主语时，谓语用单数，如,scenery,clothing,jewellery,poetry,underwear,等,考查名词在有量词修饰时的变化,有些名词既可以用作单数也可以复数。在句子中，如果名词前有明确的量词修饰，如,many,several,a number of,a variety of,等，就要变成复数形式,Computer,as we know,has many possible,use,in different fields.,3,）代词一致,指代错误。,尤其要注意的是当句子中有插入成分时，要细心分析指代的对象,David,rather than the other clerks,had,their,suggestions accepted.,关系代词的误用,。主要指非限制性定语从句主语从句中先行词的误用（主要为,that,与,which,who,与,which,where,与,which,的误用；,what,与,that,等常见先行词的混用）,This is the place,which,the traffic accident occurred.,代词,it,与,this,that,误用,You may find,this,important to go over your lessons every day.,不定代词及反身代词的误用,One must know,yourself.,He walked,other,ten miles.,4,）分词逻辑主语的一致,分词作状语时，其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致，否则就构成了“垂悬结构”。分词在句子中作状语，使用何种分词，取决于分词与句子主语的关系：主谓关系用现在分词，动宾或被动关系用过去分词,Comparing,with the corresponding period of last year,the output of chemical fibers in the first quarter rose by 25%.,Heard,the bad news,she burst into tears.,5,）并列（并行）结构中成分的一致,指在连接词,and,前后语法结构不对等，不平行，以及比较结构中比较成分的对等,Her job is washing,cleaning and,take,care of the children.,My fir