声色词的翻译

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Chapter 12 Translation of Onomatopoetic Words and Color Words,onomatopoeia,a,word,that imitates or suggests the source of the sound that it describes,Onomatopoeias are not universally the same across all languages;they conform to some extent to the broader,linguistic,system they are part of;hence the sound of a clock may be,tick tock,in,English,and,tik,tak,in,Dutch,or,tic-tac,in,French,.,Common occurrences of onomatopoeias include animal noises,such as“oink”(,猪的呼噜声,),“meow”,“roar”,“bark”,cuckoo,.,Some other very common English-language examples include,hiccup,(,打嗝,),zoom,(,急速上升,),bang,beep,and,splash,.,Machines,and their sounds are also often described with onomatopoeia,as in,honk,or,beep-beep,for the horn of an automobile.,Action words:pop,bang,pound,slam,flip,clatter,clank,buzz,hiss,murmur,一、英汉拟声词比较,英语和汉语中的拟声词都很丰富，但是大部分,的拟声词在发音上相差甚远。这是因为,拟声词,是按照某种语言的语音系统对客观世界的声音,加以模拟改造的结果，所以不可避免地带有该,语言的发音特征。,因此，英语和汉语中的拟声,词之间既存在相同之处又存在不同之处。它们,大体可以归纳为以下三点：,同一声音在英语和汉语中用不同的拟声词来表示,clip-clop,（马蹄）得得声,tick-tack,（钟表）滴答声,hoot(toot),嘟嘟,dub-a-dub,（鼓）咚咚声,jingle-jangle,玎玲当啷,A horse neighs/whinnies/,nickers,.,马嘶,/,马鸣,/,马萧萧。,A dog barks/yaps/yelps/bays/snarls/growls/howls.,狗汪汪叫,/,犬吠。,A fly hums/buzzes/drones.,苍蝇嗡嗡,/,哼哼叫。,whine,：发出呜呜声,B.,同一声音在英语和汉语中用相似,的拟声词来表达,Meow(,或,meou,),喵,hiss,嘶嘶（作声）,dingdong,丁冬（声），叮当（声）,ping,乒,(pinged,pinging)giggle,咯咯（地笑）,pit-a-pat,劈劈啪啪（地）,Her heart/feet went,pit,-a-pat.,她的心噗噗地跳。,她的脚步声劈劈啪啪的,。,cuckoo,咕咕,A cow moos.,母牛哞哞叫。,A pigeon coos.,鸽子咕咕叫。,C.,不同的声音用相似的拟声词,babble:,（婴儿）咿呀学语声,;,喋喋不休；（流水）潺潺作声,smack:,（拍击声、鞭打声、砸嘴声、掌掴声）,萧萧,:(a horse)neighs,(the rain)patters,(the wind)whistles,(the trees)rustle,鸣,:(birds)chirp,(frogs)creak,(,吱吱嘎嘎,),二、拟声词译法,翻译英语拟声词时，除了闻声解意外，还应根据具体语境和修辞等要求，选用恰当的翻译方法。常见的拟声词译法大体有如下几种：,原文中有拟声词，译文采用译语的拟声词；,原文中没有拟声词，译文中加用拟声词；,有时，原文中不同的拟声词在译语中也可译成同一拟声词,一、原文中有拟声词，译文采用译语的拟声词,英语原文中的拟声词在汉语中可译成相同的拟声词：,A turkey gobbles.,A wolf howls/growls.,A bee hums.,A cow moos.,A sparrow twitters/chirps.,火鸡咯咯叫。,狼嚎。,蜜蜂嗡嗡地叫。,奶牛哞哞地叫。,麻雀吱吱喳喳地叫。,一、原文中有拟声词，译文采用译语的拟声词,有时也可译成不同的拟声词：,The train clattered out of the station.,火车,哐唧哐唧,驶出车站。,The shutters clattered in the wind.,百叶窗在风中,劈劈啪啪,作响。,The girls clattered away at their luncheon.,午餐时女孩们,咭咭呱呱,地谈个不停。,The dishes and bowls slid together with a clatter.,碟子碗碰得,丁丁当当,响。,一、原文中有拟声词，译文采用译语的拟声词,有时，英语原文中不同的拟声词在汉语中也可译成同一拟声词：,The thunder rolled in the distance.,远处雷声,隆隆,。,There came the hum of machines.,传来了机器的,隆隆,声。,The offices were quiet.Far below I could hear the rumble of tube trains carrying commuters to the west end.,各办公室都很静，我可以听到地底下的,隆隆,声，那是地铁在运送通勤人员去西区。,呼啸而过：,Heavy trucks roar past.,Cars whizzed past.,Racing cars screamed past.,The cars zipped by endlessly.,Jets screech over the house-tops.,Jack went zooming past in his new car.,A bullet whistled past his head.,一、原文中有拟声词，译文采用译语的拟声词,将英语的拟声词译成汉语的拟声词，有时可保持原文中拟声词的词性及其在句子中的成分：,Whee-ee-ee,!,Whee-ee-ee,!The police,whistles shrilled suddenly.,“,滴！滴！,”,突然警笛响了。,Those standing behind,whispered,and,chattered,all the time.,站在身后的人们一直,吱吱喳喳,个没完。,They hissed him off the stage.,他们把他嘘下了台。,The clock ticked,the fire cracked.,钟声,滴滴答答,，火声,劈劈啪啪,。,一、原文中有拟声词，译文采用译语的拟声词,英语拟声词多数是动词或名词，在句中作谓语、主语或宾语，而汉语拟声词多半带有形容词和副词的性质，作定语、状语或补语。,所以英语拟声词翻译成汉语时，往往需要转换原文中拟声词的词性及句法功能。,一、原文中有拟声词，译文采用译语的拟声词,About this time a brick came through the window with a splintering crash.,大约在这个时候，有人从窗户外面抛了一块砖进来，,辟里啪拉,砸得很响。（形容词,副词）,The ship hooted down the river.,呜,那船沿江而下。（谓语动词,独立成分）,The clock,ticked,away the minutes.,钟声,滴答滴答地,把时间打发走了。谓语动词,副词,A bitter storm of sleet,dense and ice-cold,swept the wet streets,and,rattled,on the trembling windows.,刺骨的暴风夹着密集而寒冷的雨雪，扫过湿漉漉的街道，打得颤抖的窗子,格格,作响。（谓语动词,副词）,一、原文中有拟声词，译文采用译语的拟声词,必要时还可增补一定的词语，使语义完整、句法正确。,She slammed the box on the table.,她,把,匣子砰的,一下,摔在桌子上。,The man shut the door with a bang.,那人砰的,一声,把门关上了。,The wind whispered in the pines.,风在松林中飒飒,作响,。,The clang of the fire bell aroused the town.,报火警钟的当当,声,惊醒了全镇。,二、英语原文中没有拟声词，汉语译文中加用拟声词,在一定的情况下可采用这种译法，以加强译文语言的表达力。例如：,He crashed down on a,protesting,chair.,他猛然坐到一把椅子上，椅子被压得,吱吱作响,。,The lad rushed in,gasping for breath.,小伙子冲进来，,呼哧呼哧,上气不接下气。,When he raised his hand,ten thousand eyes followed it.,他把手儿一扬，千万人的眼睛跟着它,滴溜溜地,转。,三、英语原文中用拟声词，汉语译文中不用,恰当地运用拟声词可增强感染力，使语言表达更加形象生动。但如果拟声词用得过滥或不得体，也会造成译文语言轻佻、累赘，从而破坏原文的表达力。因此原文中的拟声词有时可改用非拟声词来表达。例如：,Old beams began to crack mysteriously.,那些老屋梁神秘地发出裂开的响声。,There was a large,low-ceiling room,with,clacking,rattling,machines.,有一大间天花板很低的屋子，里面的机器响成一片。,Color words,颜色词,一、英汉颜色词比较：基本色,1.,英语和汉语中都有丰富的颜色词。就其指称作用来看，它们大致可分为基本颜色词和实物颜色词两类。,基本颜色词是专门用于描绘事物色彩的词。它们代表的基本颜色幅度较宽，因而具有一定的概括性，在交际中使用频率较高。,英语中常见的基本颜色词均可在汉语中找到与之相对应的基本颜色词，但它们有的在指称意义上并不完全对等：,一、,英汉颜色词比较：基本色,Red,红，赤,yellow,黄,purple,紫,black,黑，青,blue,蓝,white,白,brown,棕，褐,green,绿，青,2.,在语言交际中，有些英语基本颜色词在指称意义上与汉语的差异更大。例如：,green hills,青山,brown sugar,红糖,black tea,红茶,to be brown,晒黑了,brown bread,黑面包,grey hair,白头发,black in face,脸色铁青,white coffee,牛奶咖啡,to be looking green,苍白，脸上有病色,to be blue in the face with cold,冻得发紫,white meat,色浅的嫩牛肉、猪肉或煮熟的鸡鸭肉,a white Christmas,大雪纷飞的圣诞节,一、英汉颜色词比较：基本色,3.,在象征意义和联想意义方面，英语基本颜色词也并不与其汉语基本颜色词完全对应，这是因为各种色调都有自己独特