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,方法技巧,栏目索引,专题十二 猜测词义,高考英语,一、明确猜测词义类题目的常见的设问方式,1.The word“.”refers to/probably means,.,2.The underlined word“.”could best be replaced by,.,3.What do you think the expression“.”stands for?,4.By saying“.”we mean,.,5.“.”as used in the passage can best be defined as,.,6.Which of the following words can take the place of the word“.”?,方法技巧,二、熟练运用猜测词义类题目的常用解题方法,1.,利用指代关系来猜测代词词义,指代词汇的猜测即找出人称代词、指示代词、关系代词或关系副词所指,代的内容。对代词指代内容的判断,我们首先要连读前、后段落,了解前、,后两段的内容,然后判断画线代词的类型。接下来仔细阅读前句,一般来说,代词的词义猜测主要是看前面句子所出现的名词及相当于名词的表达。,【例1】,Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to,share.BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the,book.Then the person leaves it in a public place,hoping that the book will,have an adventure,traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds,it,.,解析根据本句“,.hoping that the book will have an adventure,traveling,far and wide with each new reader who finds it”,可知,那些留下书的人希望,自己的书能够跟随找到它的人走得更远。可知其中的,it,指代前面提到的,同一事物“,the book”,。,2.,利用定义语来猜测词义,在许多情况下,作者估计某个词一般读者不熟悉,则会在文章中给出该词的,定义或解释。这种解释可能是一种重复说明或定义。通过阅读定义或解,释部分,读者便可理解该词的基本含义。线索词有that,which,is等。,【例2】,Ventilation,as you know,is a system or means of providing fresh air.It plays,a very important part in the field of engineering.,解析句中“Ventilation”可能是个生词,但 is 后面是对该词的明确定,义。什么系统或什么手段才能提供新鲜空气呢?由此推断“Ventilation”,意为“通风设备”。,3.利用定语或同位语来猜测词义,通常引出该词同位语的词或短语有or,that is,in other words等,还有的同位,语以括号或破折号的形式出现。在这些标记词后考生可较易找到同画线,词意义相同或相近的词。,【例3】,Before the main business of a conference begins,the chairman usually makes,a short,preliminary speech,or make a few preliminary remarks.In other,words,he says a few things by way of introduction.,解析根据下文的线索词In other words和其后的内容可推断preliminary,speech 的意思是在开会之前主席所做的一些简单的介绍,或者说是“开场,白”。,【例4】,In fact,only about 80,ocelots,an endangered wild cat,exist in the U.S.today.,解析由同位语an endangered wild cat可迅速推断生词ocelots指一种濒临,灭绝的野猫。,【例5】,Do you know what a“,territory,”is?A territory is an area that an animal,usually the male,claims(声称)as its own.,解析由territory后的定语从句可推断territory在此处指的是“动物的地盘”。,4.,利用文章中的举例来猜测词义,在阅读理解中考生可以根据文章所举的例子,从具体到一般,猜出该生词的,意思。,【,例,6】,The course gives you chances to know great power polities between nation,states.It will provide more space to study particular,issues,such as relationship,among countries in the European Union,third world debt,local and interna-,tional disagreement,and the work of such international bodies as the United,Nations,the European Union,NATO,and the World Bank.,解析根据such as 后面列举的一系列例子可推断句中的issues 应该是指,“议题”。,5.利用对比或比较的词语来猜测词义,当作者强调的事物之间有区别或对立时,往往会运用对比的手法,即运用有,对比关系的词语,例如反义词,也可以暗示出生词的含义。注意这些词语和,内容则能帮助判断所需内容。能体现对比关系的词汇很多,主要有but,yet,however,while,unlike,instead,on the other hand,on the contrary,in contrast to,等。标点符号中的分号也可表示对比。,【例7】,A child,s birthday party doesn,t have to be a,hassle,;it can be a basket of fun.,A.A party designed by specialists.,B.A plan requiring careful thought.,C.A situation causing difficulty or trouble.,D.A demand made by guests.,解析根据对比关系,这里hassle 和 a basket of fun 是相反的意义,由此推,断答案为C。,【例8】,Green loves to talk,and his brothers are similarly,loquacious,.,解析该句中副词similarly表明短语loves to talk和loquacious 之间是比较,关系,其意义相近。由此我们可推断出loquacious的意思是“健谈的”。,6.,利用构词法知识来猜测词义,分析复合词,:,如果一个生词是由两个或两个以上的单词构成的复合词,可以,从该词的各个部分的特定意思及联系上下文猜出该词的意思。考生同时,要了解构词法知识,掌握大纲所要求的对前、后缀的理解。,【例9】,Do you have any strong opinion on,co-educational,or single-sex schools?,解析根据词根educational(教育的),结合前缀co-(共同,一起),可猜测co-e-,ducational的意思是“男女同校教育的”。,【,例,10】,It,s a quiet,comfortable hotel overlooking the bay in an,uncommercialized,Cornish fishing village on England,s most southerly point.,解析后缀“,-ize”,意思是“使成为,;,使,化”,结合词根,commer-,cial(,商业的,),可猜测“,uncommercialized”,的意思为“未被商业化的”。,【,例,11】,We live in a technological society where most goods are,mass-produced,by,unskilled labor.,解析根据合成词中的mass(大量的)和produce(生产),可以推测 mass-,produced的意思为“大批量生产的;规模生产的”。,7.利用上下文语境,通过对对应结构或平行结构中的同义词、反义词进行,推断来猜测词义,【例12】,William Shakespeare said,“The web of our life is of a,mingled,yarn(纱线),good and ill together.”,解析句中good and ill together 更具体地说明了a mingled yarn的意义,由,此推测“mingled”的意思为“混合的,交织的”。,【例13】,Is it possible to beat high blood pressure without drugs?The answer is,“yes”,according to the researchers at,Johns Hopkins,and three other medi-,cal centers.,解析根据and three other medical centers 这种并列关系,可推断“Johns,Hopkins”是一家医疗中心。,8.,利用因果关系来猜测词义,因果关系是一种常见的、行之有效的提供生词词义信息的逻辑关系。一,定的原因会导致一定的结果,某一结果总是由某种或某些原因引起的。作,者在叙述原因的过程中就必然会把词或句子置于因果关系中。常见的表,示因果关系的词汇有,:since,as,because,for,so,thus,consequently,therefore,hence,due to,result in,result from,as a result,for this reason,accordingly,so that,so.that,such.that,等。,【,例,14】,I feel that since you are my superior,it would be,presumptuous,of me to tell,you what to do.,The word“presumptuous”in the passage is closest in meaning to“,”.,A.full of respect B.too confident and rude,C.lacking in experience D.too shy and quiet,解析根据since 引导的原因状语从句的内容(“既然你是我的上司”),可,以推断这里“presumptuous”的意思为“冒失的,放肆的”,故选B。,9.,利用经验、常识来猜测词义,【,例,15】,Birds fly with their wings,and they pick up their foods,and then eat them with their,beaks,and they use their,
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