六西格玛的尺度

Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,#,Define(,6,SIGMA,尺度,),Six Sigma,尺度,(,Metrics),1.,DPU,和,DPMO,2.,SIGMA,水平,3.,RTY,尺度的,选,选择,BBProject尺度,Benchmarking尺度,缺点数,据,据收集,推定Process的能率,计算生,产,产无缺,点,点制品,的概率,制品与Process,的客观,比,比较,应该知,道,道,什么?,BBProject,尺度,经营成,果,果,尺 度,DPMO,SIGMA水平,DPU,RTY,1.DPU和DPMO,DPU,Defects perUnit,单位当,缺,缺点数,缺点消,除,除的基,准,准,利用于,工,工场单,位,位的改,善,善,DPO,Defects per,Opportunity,机会当,缺,缺点数,DPMO,Defects perMillion,Opportunities,百万机,会,会当缺,点,点数,考虑制,品,品复杂,性,性的比,较,较基准,企业内,或,或企业,间,间的,Benchmarking手段,经营团,为,为了对,相,相异的,制,制品与,服,服务进,行,行Benchmarking使用DPMO,机会的,属,属性,所有制,品,品Process的特性(characteristic)内含附,加,加价值,或,或减少,的,的固有,机,机会.,部品,形象,材料,机械,工具,程序,制品,Process,复杂度,复杂度(Complexity),复杂度,的,的概念,与,与制品,及,及Process的特性,有,有密切,联,联系,越复杂,总,总机会,数,数越大,机会的,阶,阶层构,造,造,H/W,部品,2,部品,1,组立品A,组立品B,形象B,形象A,机会可,存,存在于,阶,阶层的,任,任何水,平,平,机会的,计,计算,非附加,价,价值的,作,作业不,计,计算为,机,机会,搬运与,资,资材保,管,管不计,算,算为机,会,会,防碍作,业,业的仍,不,不计算,为,为机会,试验,调,调查,测,测定等,大,大部分,的,的情况,并,并无变,化,化因此,不,不能计,算,算为机,会,会,使用于Program的电试,验,验仪器,产,产生附,加,加价值,计,计算为,机,机会,各个供,给,给的部,品,品计算,为,为一个,机,机会,焊锡,机,机油,冷,冷却水,等,等供给,的,的资料,不,不视为,供,供给的,部,部品,各附属,品,品的连,接,接也视,为,为一个,机,机会,如果工,具,具需要,四,四个螺,钉,钉,那,么,么每个,连,连接螺,钉,钉都是,一,一个机,会,会,因,此,此是四,个,个机会,PCB上熔接,了,了60,个,个PIN的直接,线,线路中60个,的,的连接,均,均计算,为,为机会,16个PIN,(,(DIP)计算为16个,连,连接,连,连接部,位,位不重,复,复计算,.,.上面,一,一个,下,下面一,个,个的计,算,算方法,是,是不正,确,确的,机器工,作,作时的,机,机会,机械化,的,的各个,表,表面视,为,为一个,机,机会,一个工,具,具作五,种,种截断,作,作业,其,其机会,数,数为5,穿孔并,磨,磨其反,面,面是两,种,种不同,的,的作业,因此,其,其机会,数,数为2,穿孔后,校,校正大,小,小时因,不,不可信,所以,只,只用磨,石,石磨时,只,只计算,为,为一个,机,机会.,研,研磨的,工,工程是,穿,穿孔作,业,业的再,作,作业,样式或,s/w,作成时,完成一,个,个样式,的,的作业,按,按照其,数,数据录,入,入领域,别,别计算,为,为一个,机,机会,具有同,一,一CODE的线的,联,联接在,软,软件中,计,计算为,一,一个机,会,会,目的上,的,的贡献,度,度,机会计,算,算的方,式,式是否,一,一定影,响,响目标,的,的达成,?,?,定义机,会,会后应,将,将其制,度,度化维,持,持一贯,性,性,机会只,有,有在被,评,评价时,计,计算为,机,机会,例)某一部,品,品在生,产,产工程,中,中不良,发,发生的,机,机会数,为,为,100,000次.,但,但是在,正,正常生,产,产过程,中,中只对,其,其中,1,000次,机,机会进,行,行评价,且在,一,一个部,品,品里发,现,现了,10个,缺,缺点.,下列计,算,算中哪,一,一个正,确,确?,DPO,=,=10/100,000,DPO,=,=10/1,000,下面加,工,工例子,中,中计算DPU与DPMO.,DPU与DPMO的计算,DPU的计算,总缺点,数,数,=,DPU,DPU不可能,考,考虑一,个,个单位,数,数里有,多,多少缺,点,点机会,总生产,单,单位数,DPMO的计算,一个单,位,位发生,的,的总缺,点,点机会,数,数,1,000,000,x,DPU,=,DPMO,一般说6SIGMA水平时,把,把不良,率,率说成3.4DPMO比3.4PPM更恰当,适于互,相,相不同,的,的Process或制品,间,间,制,造,造范筹,和,和非制,造,造范筹,间,间的比,较,较,DPMO计算例,适用于,测,测定的,定,定量值,不良率,=0,.,.02275,Probabilityof,良品率,=0,.,.97725,规格上,限,限,DPMO=0.02275,*,*1,000,000,=,=22,750,缺点数,某一PCB有800个熔,接,接点与200,个,个部品,此PCB中发现6个焊,接,接不良,点,点与2,个,个不良,部,部品,DPMO=,(,(6+2)/,(,(800+200)*百万,=8,000,假设有,一,一个具,有,有十个,部,部品的,单,单位,各,各个单,位,位内的,构,构成品,对,对一个,缺,缺点发,生,生一个,机,机会.,因,因此各,单,单位可,包,包括十,个,个缺点,生产无,缺,缺点制,品,品的可,能,能性为,多,多少？,DPU是多少,?,?,DPMO是多少,?,?,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,D,练习题,6SIGMA战略的,特,特征,显示企,业,业经营,成,成果的,所,所有要,素,素转换,为,为SIGMA水平,作,作为对,现,现在经,营,营状态,分,分析,以,以及对,今,今后的,目,目标设,定,定等的,经,经营管,理,理指标,2.SIGMA水平,数据种,类,类的确,认,认,离散型,数,数据,Unit的确认,计算DPU,计算DPO,计算DPMO,连续型,数,数据,正规性,验,验证,数据转,换,换(必,要,要时),工程能,力,力分析,(利用MINITAB),引出DPMO,DPMO值在SigmaChart转换为Z值,掌,握,握SIGMA水平,SIGMA水平的,计,计算程,序,序,1)离散型,数,数据的SIGMA水平,缺点数,据,据的情,况,况,求DPMO,从SIGMA表读对,应,应于DPMO的Z.st值,受率数,据,据的情,况,况,SCRAP,再作业,等,等视为,不,不良计,算,算受率,从SIGMA表读百,万,万个当,良,良品数,=(受率)*1,000,000,相对应,的,的Z.st值,不良率,数,数据的,情,情况,从不良,率,率计算PPM,PPM,=,=(不良率,),)*1,000,000,从SIGMA表读与PPM值一样,的,的DPMO值相应,的,的Z.st值.,999,999.6,999,995,999,991,999,987,999,979,999,968,999,952,999,928,999,892,999,841,999,767,999,663,999,517,999,313,999,032,998,650,998,134,997,445,996,533,995,339,993,790,991,802,989,276,良品数,3.4,5,9,13,21,32,48,72,108,159,233,337,483,687,968,1,350,1,866,2,555,3,467,4,661,6,210,8,198,10,724,6.0,5.9,5.8,5.7,5.6,5.5,5.4,5.3,5.2,5.1,5.0,4.9,4.8,4.7,4.6,4.5,4.4,4.3,4.2,4.1,4.0,3.9,3.8,.st,4.5,4.4,4.3,4.2,4.1,4.0,3.9,3.8,3.7,3.6,3.5,3.4,3.3,3.2,3.1,3.0,2.9,2.8,2.7,2.6,2.5,2.4,2.3,.lt,986,097,977,250,971,284,964,070,955,435,945,201,933,193,919,243,903,199,884,930,864,334,841,345,815,940,788,145,758,036,725,747,691,462,655,422,617,911,579,260,539,828,500,000,460,172,良品数,13,903,22,750,28,716,35,930,44,565,54,799,66,807,80,757,96,801,115,070,135,666,158,655,184,060,211,855,241,964,274,253,308,538,344,578,382,089,420,740,460,172,500,000,539,828,3.7,3.5,3.4,3.3,3.2,3.1,3.0,2.9,2.8,2.7,2.6,2.5,2.4,2.3,2.2,2.1,2.0,1.9,1.8,1.7,1.6,1.5,1.4,.st,2.2,2.0,1.9,1.8,1.7,1.6,1.5,1.4,1.3,1.2,1.1,1.0,0.9,0.8,0.7,0.6,0.5,0.4,0.3,0.2,0.1,0.0,-0.1,.lt,420,740,382,089,344,578,308,538,274,253,241,964,211,855,184,060,158,655,135,666,115,070,96,801,80,757,66,807,54,799,44,565,35,930,28,716,22,750,17,864,13,903,10,724,8,198,良品数,579,260,617,911,655,422,691,462,725,747,758,036,788,145,815,940,841,345,864,334,884,930,903,199,919,243,933,193,945,201,955,435,964,070,971,284,977,250,982,136,986,097,989,276,991,802,1.3,1.2,1.1,1.0,0.9,0.8,0.7,0.6,0.5,0.4,0.3,0.2,0.1,0.0,-0.1,-0.2,-0.3,-0.4,-0.5,-0.6,-0.7,-0.8,-0.9,.st,-0.2,-0.3,-0.4,-0.5,-0.6,-0.7,-0.8,-0.9,-1.0,-1.1,-1.2,-1.3,-1.4,-1.5,-1.6,-1.7,-1.8,-1.9,-2.0,-2.1,-2.2,-2.3,-2.4,.lt,6,210,4,661,3,467,2,555,1,866,1,350,968,687,483,337,233,159,108,72,48,32,21,13,9,5,3,良品数,993,790,995,339,996,533,997,445,998,134,998,650,999,032,999,313