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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,Present Perfect Tense(,现在完成时,),一、现在完成时的概念和构成,I,have,clean,ed,all the rooms.,Now,the rooms are clean.,I,have,eat,en,up all the food.,Now,theres no food.,I,have finished,my work.,我把工作做完了。,She,has read,all these books.,她把这些书都读完了。,我已经没有其他工作要做了。,她已经知道这些书的全部内容。,现在完成时用法,表,示到现在为止,已经完成或刚刚完成,的动作。,表示过去发生的动作,强调,结果,或对现在的,影响,。,表示从过去开始并,持续到现在,的动作或状态。,I,have,already,lost,the key.,They,have built,many buildings in this city.,用法,He,has lived,in,Shanghai,for five years,.,语法加油站,肯定句,主,+have/has+done+,其他,.,否定句,主,+havent/hasnt+done+,其他,.,一般疑问句,Have/Has+,主,+done+,其他,?,肯定答语,Yes,主,+have/has.,否定答语,No,主,+havent/hasnt.,特殊疑问句,特殊疑问词,+have/has+,主,+done+,其他？,现在完成时结构,Practice,Mary,has already read,Little Women,.,（划线部分改特殊疑问句）,I have decided to read,Treasure Island,.(,改一般疑问句）,Toms brother has finished reading,Harry Potter,.(,改否定句）,David hasnt read,Alice in Wonderland,yet.,（改肯定句）,Task 1:,句式变身,Who,has,read,Little Women,yet?,Have,you,decided,to read,Treasure Island,?,Toms brother,hasnt finished,reading,Harry Potter.,David,has,already,read,Alice in Wonderland,.,1.Alice,already,(know)that it is only a dream.,2.Robinson Crusoe,already,(build)a house.,3.Jim,already,(find)an island full of treasures.,4.The sisters,already,(send)breakfast to a poor family.,5.Tom,(see)a case of murder,(,凶杀案,).,has,known,has,built,has,found,have,sent,has,seen,Task 2:,Fill in the blanks,1.A:Would you like something to drink?,B:No,thanks._.,(just/drink some tea),2.A:I heard you lost your key.,_?(find),B:No,not yet.,3.A:Do you know when Tom is leaving?,B:_.(already/leave),Ive,just drunk some tea,Have you found it yet,He has already left,P60 4a/4b,Task 3:,complete the conversations,A:When _?(leave),B:This morning.,4.A:Is your sister going to the movies with us tonight?,B:No._.,(already/see the film),5.A:What do your parents think about our plan?,B:I _.(not/tell them/yet),did he leave,She has already seen the film,have not told them yet,Sally_(love)reading.In the morning,she reads the newspaper and in the evening she reads books.She _ already _(read)more than 100 different books!Her favorite kind of books is,science fiction,.She is interested in science and,technology,and loves to imagine,has read,loves,确认,时间标志,，用对时态结构！,what the world_(be)like in 50 years.,She _(finish)reading a book about robots last week and _(write)a book report about it next week for her French class.Every time she is in the library,Sally looks at the many books she_(not read)yet and she cant wait to read them!,will be,finished,will write,has not read,确认时间标志，用对时态结构！,二、现在完成时时间状语,时间标志词：,yet still just so far before,recently once already lately ever,never since in the past/last,for+,一段时间,already,一般用于,肯定句,。,常放在,have/has,和,done,之间,yet,一般用于,否定句,或,疑问句,。,常放在,句尾,。,否定句：,还,(,没,),疑问句：,现在,已经,。,not yet,常用在答语中，“尚未；还没有”。,1.already,和,yet,在现在完成时中的用法,2.ever,和,never,在现在完成时中的用法,-Have you ever visited the Birds Nest?,-No,I have never visited it.,1.ever“,曾经,”,，一般用于疑问句和肯定句,2.never“,从来没有,”,，一般用于否定句,你曾经去过新加坡吗？,Have you ever been to Singapore?,我从来没有听过她唱歌。,I have never heard her sing a song.,3.for,和,since,在现在完成时中的用法,1.,for+,时间段,since+,（过去）时间点,since+,从句（过去时态）,for two years,since 2008,2.,含有,for,或,since,引导的时间状语（从句）表示的一段时间的现在完成时,肯定句,的谓语只能用,延续性,动词。,I have learned English since 10 years ago.,She has lived here for 20 years.,3.for,和,since,在现在完成时中的用法,3.for,或,since,引导的时间状语（从句）能与,非延续性,动词的,否定式,连用。,Mr.Smith hasnt come to China for three years.,I have never bought junk food since last year.,4.,对现在完成时的时间状语提问通常用,how long.,How long have you lived in Beijing?,4.have been to,have gone to,have been in,的区别,1.My uncle,has been to,Beijing four times.,2.Mr.Yang,has gone to,Wuhan.He will be back next week.,3.Betty,has been in,London for two days.,去过,去了,待了多长时间,1.have/has been to,曾经去过某地,，可接次数，如,once,，,twice,three times,等，表示,“,去过几次,”,，也可以和,just,，,never,，,ever,等连用。,2.have/has gone to,去了（还没回来）,3.have/has been in,后接时间段，表示,“,在某地待了多长时间,”,用,have gone to,have been to,have been in,填空,1.Bill is on holiday at the moment.He _ Spain.,2.“Wheres Lily?”“Shes not here.I think she _ the bank.”,3.Hello,Susan.Where _ you _?,_ you _ the bank?,4.Tim is in hospital.He _ hospital for five days.,has gone to,has gone to,have been,Have been to,has been in,三、延续性动词与非延续性动词,1.,延续性动词：,动作可以一直延续下去，,可以和一段时间连用。,2.,非延续性动词：,也叫瞬间动词或终止性动词，表示动作一经发生立即结束，,不,可以和一段时间连用,。,判断一个动词是否为非延续性动词，一般可将该动词在句型,“,I am+,动词的现在分词,+from 8:00 to 12:00,”,中，看该句是否符合逻辑，若符合逻辑，则为延续性动词。,Im finishing reading the book from 8:00 to 12:00.,finish,为非延续性动词,短暂性动词及对应的延续性动词,第一类：用相应的延续性动词,非延续性性动词,对应的延续性动词,buy,have,borrow,keep,put on,wear,catch/get a cold,have a cold,come/go/become,be,短暂性动词及对应的延续性动词,第二类：转换成,be+,名词,非延续性性动词,对应的延续性动词,join the club,be a member of the club,join the army,be a soldier,go to school,be a student,短暂性动词及对应的延续性动词,第三类：转换成,be+,介词短语,非延续性性动词,对应的延续性动词,go to school,be in school,go to hospital,be in hospital,非延续性动词及对应的延续性动词,第四类：转换成,be+,形,/,副词,非延续性动词,对应的延续性动词,die,be dead,close/open,be closed/be open,fall asleep,be asleep,leave,be away from,finish,be over,begin/start,be on,marry,be m
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