博泽电机散热扇的设计基础课件

Klicken Sie,um das Titelformat,Klicken Sie,um die Formate des Vorlagentextes zu bearbeiten,Zweite Ebene,Dritte Ebene,2010-4-7,0,车用冷却风扇基础,夏 斐,2019,Content,Motor Basic,电机基础,CFM Basic,冷却风扇基础,Design of CFM system,冷却模块的设计校核,Technic trend of CFM,冷却风扇的发展趋势,Question and Answer,问题讨论,Content,Motor Basic,01.,Headlight Retractor Motor,02.Water Pump Motor,03.Front Windshield Wiper Motor,04.Rear Windshield Wiper Motor,05.Winshield Washer Motor,06.Headlight Washer Pump Motor,07.Door Lock Actuator Motor,08.Power Antenna Motor,09.Window Lift Motor,10.Seat Motor,11.Door-Mirror Motor,12.,Telescopic Steering Motor,13.Tilt Steering Motor,14.Sunroof Motor,15.Power Curtain Motor,16.Engine Cooling Motor,17.Seat Motor for Side Support,18.Seat Motor for Lumbar Support,19.Blower Motor,20.,Condenser Cooling Fan Motor,21.Servo Motor for Air Conditioner,22.Motor for In-Car-Sensor,23.,Blower Motor for Air-Purifier,24.Height Adjusting Motor,25.Motor for ABS,26.Stepping Motor for Idle Speed Control,27.4WD Def-lock Motor,28.Stepping Motor for Odometer,29.Motor for Auto Drive System,30.Fuel Stop Motor,Motors for Automotive,汽车用电机,直流永磁电动机基本结构,绕组,定子,转子电枢,电刷弹簧,绕组电刷,电刷组件,端盖,轴承,机壳,磁瓦,电刷引线,刷盒,E,g,+,-,r,a,I,U,Motor Equation,电机基本公式,T,il,T,S,T,T,S,n,I,I,0,S,nlt,S,nl,I,S,根据上面简化图，电路平衡公式：,U=I*R,a,+E,g,其中：,U Voltage,电压,I Current,电流,R,a,Resistance.,电枢内阻,E,g,Counter EMF,反电势,Input power,输入功率,P,in,=,U,*I (Watts),其中,U,输入电压,;,I,电流,由于摩擦阻力,风阻,磁阻和内电阻的损耗,I,2,R,电机的输出功率小于输入功率,:,Output power(shaft power),输出,(,轴,),功率,P,s,=2*,*,S/60*T (Watts),其中,:,S speed(rpm),;,T torque(Nm),Efficiency,效率,=,P,s,/,P,in,=,2*,*,S/60*T,/(U,*I,),Content,Motor Basic,CFM Basic,Function of Engine Cooling Module,发动机冷却风扇的功用,A/C,Condenser,Radiator,Electric Cooling,Fan Module,Engine Shroud,Viscous Drive,Engine Driven Fan,用于发动机的冷却系统和空调系统等的水箱,冷凝器等的风冷散热,.,Structure of Engine Cooling Module,发动机冷却风扇基本,结构,FAN,风扇,MOTOR,电机,SHROUD,护风圈,Flapper door,风门,按照电机数量分为,:,单风扇和双风扇的冷却风扇总成,按照装配位置分为,:,吹风式和吸风式,;,按照电机调速方式可以分为,:,串电阻调速,串联调速和,PWM,控制调速,电子风扇基本特性曲线,静压,流量曲线,效率曲线,空气功率输入功率,转速曲线,n,功率曲线 输入功率,电流曲线电流消耗,有用的条规律：,冷却风扇堵的越利害（风阻大）时，流量越是小，功耗越是大，转速越是低。因此减小一切可能的风阻是设计高效冷却系统必须时刻考虑的要素；,风扇的最高效率点在最大流量的,0.550.70,附近时，可以使保证系统效率最大化；,空气功率的计算：,Pf=Q*Ps,其中,Pf,空气风扇功率,(Watts),Q,空气流量,(m3/sec),Ps,静压,(Pascal),Content,Motor Basic,CFM Basic,Design of CFM system,散热系统的匹配,发动机功率,类型，型式,散热量,要 求,水箱和电子风扇匹配,电机和风扇匹配,台架试验验证,设计及修正确认,发动机的最大功率,Ne,发动机散热量系数,k,汽油机,:0.850.95,柴油机,:0.600.75,增压型：系数增加,0.10.15,散热量,Qw,Qw=k*Ne*0.65,初选水箱参数,初选风扇参数,功率，流量，风阻几何尺寸等,初选电机参数,初选风扇参数,功率，流量，风阻几何尺寸等,电机风扇试验,冷却模块试验,发动机匹配试验,初步设计定型,关于发动机散热量的经验数据可以要求发动机供应商提供,例：估算,110KW,柴油发动机的冷却风扇模块的主要性能参数,发动机冷却模块校核,发动机部分,发动机功率 Ne KW,110,发动机类型,柴油机,是否有增压,No,散热功率系数,0.65,发动机工作点 系数0.5-0.75,0.62,散热功率 KW,44.3,散热功率 k Kal/h,38,124,水箱部分,水箱进水温度 82111,98,水箱出水温度 8293,91,冷却水流速 kg/s 13,1.55,水箱散热量 k Kal/h,39060,结果验证,方案可行,发动机功率,类型，型式,散热量,要 求,水箱,2,水箱,1,水箱和电子风扇匹配,风冷部分,水箱进风温度 2550,35,水箱出风温度 5085,70,设定工作点静压 Pa 80300,150,/220,风流量m3/h,2700,风冷散热量 k Kal/h,38912,结果验证,方案可行,寻找,合适,性能的水箱，确定工作点：,提示：不要认为现成的，装的上就行，就是节省！,水箱,1,输出,2700,立方,/,小时的风量所需的空气功率为,:2700/3600*220=165 Wa,水箱,2,所需的功率为,2700/3600*150=112.5Wa,由此可见水箱,1,需要的风功率相对水箱,2,增加了,52.5W,（,47%,），折算到冷却风扇电机的输入功率，增加了约,175W,。估算增加了,CO2,排放 约,4g/100Km!,散热系统的匹配,Step 2:,匹配合适的风扇总成,风扇,1,与风扇,2,相比，风扇,1,的最大效率高于风扇,2,最大工作效率；,在工作点的处（,150Pa,），风扇,1,的效率约为风扇,2,效率的一半；,选择风扇,2,是更优的选择。,水箱和电子风扇匹配,电机和风扇匹配,风扇,1,风扇,2,结论：不能单独的选择风扇总成，在确定水箱与风扇性能要求前必须进行,风扇与水箱的匹配，匹配的结果会极大地影响冷却模块的效率。,水箱,风扇的选择,根据数据库中各类风扇的特性，选择满足几何条件的合适的风扇；选择其工作转速，如本例中转速约为,2800rpm,的单风扇，相应的风机的噪声根据表中数据可以预测为,78,分贝左右。,风扇和电机的匹配,Motor Efficiency=,Ps,P,in,Fan Efficiency=,Pf,Ps,Overall Efficiency=,Pf,P,in,典型值,Motor Efficiency:,Brush Type 55%to 75%,Fan Efficiency:,Axial Flow,30,%to,55,%,Overall Efficiency:,Fan Module 25%to,40,%,SPEED(R.P.M.),CURRENT(AMPS),FAN LINE,CURRENT,SPEED,S,1,TORQUE,T,1,I,1,AMPS/SPEED,TORQUE,LOW SPEED,FAN CURVE,CURRENT,HIGH SPEED,+,-,A,B,电机调速一：,Motors with Resistors,Advantages/Disadvantages(+/-),+Target Speeds can be achieved,+Efficient High Speed/-Inefficient Low Speed,+Proven Warranty Record(In Production for 16 years),TORQUE,LOW SPEED,FAN CURVE,HIGH SPEED,AMPS/SPEED,Volts,PWM Outputtime,Average,+,PWM,Controller,Input,Control Signal,Output,-,电机调速二：,Pulse Width Modulation(PWM),Advantages/Disadvantages(+/-),+Target speed/multiple speeds,+Efficient High Speed,Moderate Efficiency Low Speed,+Can be added to existing motor,+Can eliminate motor relays,-Requires control signal,-Added component,-Cost of Electronics,-EMC concerns(due to switching),Content,Motor Basic,CFM Basic,Design of CFM system,Technic trend of CFM,1.Performance Requirements,Current Specs(as VDA)prescribe a 500h salt-spray test,more than doubling the previous requirements.,brush commutation at its limits(and beyond!),2.E-cars,Water-cooled batteries require an substantially higher runtime(more than 15 Kh),only achievable by electronic commutation,3.Economy,General demand for more efficient vehicles:BL about 20%more efficient than brush at typical working conditions,fuel savings,car components downsizing,4.Environment,Less CO,2,emission,avoidance of carbon dust pollution,More stringent