2020年外研版英语中考语法复习专题05-介词和介词短语

Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,11/7/2009,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,2020年外研版英语中考语法复习专题05-介词和介词短语,2020年外研版英语中考语法复习专题05-介词和介词短语,专题,(,五,),介词和介词短语,第二篇语法专题突破,专题(五)第二篇语法专题突破,考点一时间介词的用法,词条,用法,举例,at,用来表示在具体的时刻或年龄,at 8:00,在八点,at noon,在中午,at the age of 15,在,15,岁时,on,用来表示在具体的某一天或特定的某一天的上午,/,下午,/,晚上,on June 1st,在,6,月,1,日,on a cold winter day,在一个寒冷的冬日,on Saturday morning,在周六上午,on the evening of September 10th,在,9,月,10,日的晚上,考点一时间介词的用法词条用法举例at用来表示在具体的时刻,（续表）,词条,用法,举例,on,用在星期、节日前,on Monday,在星期一,on Teachers,Day,在教师节,in,用在某个世纪、年份、月份、季节前或泛指在上午、下午或晚上,“,in+,一段时间”表示在一段时间之后,用于将来时,in the 21st century,在,21,世纪,in 2020,在,2020,年,in October,在,10,月份,in spring,在春天,in a few days,几天后,in the morning/afternoon/evening,在上午,/,下午,/,晚上,（续表）词条用法举例on用在星期、节日前on Monday,（续表）,词条,用法,举例,during,在期间,during the summer holiday,在,暑假期间,for,后接时间段,表示延续多久,Alice has been in China for six years,.,艾丽斯在中国六年了。,（续表）词条用法举例during在期间 during t,（续表）,词条,用法,举例,since,后接时间点,/,时间的分界线,或表示时间点的时间状语从句,常用于现在完成时,I have lived here since 2010.,自从,2010,年以来我就一直住在这儿。,I have lived here since ten years ago.,自从,10,年前我就一直住在这儿。,I have lived here since I was a child.,自从我是个孩子时我就一直住在这儿。,（续表）词条用法举例since后接时间点/时间的分界线,或,（续表）,词条,用法,举例,from,后接开始的时间,常用搭配,:from,to,从到,From now on,I,ll get up early.,从,现在起,我将要早起。,before,在之前,I must finish all the work before ten o,clock.,我,必须在,10,点前完成所有的工作。,after,后接时间点,常用于将来时,I will go to school after seven o,clock.,我将在,7,点之后去上学。,后接以过去为起点的时间段,多用于过去时,Uncle Tom finished school after three years.,汤姆叔叔,3,年后毕业了。,（续表）词条用法举例from后接开始的时间,常用搭配:f,（续表）,词条,用法,举例,by,by+,时间点,(,表过去,),常用于过去完成时,By 2019,I had worked there for ten years.,到,2019,年为止,我已经在那里工作,10,年了。,by+,时间点,(,表将来,),常用于将来完成时,By the end of this term,I will have learned 1,000 English words.,到这个学期结束时,我将学完,1000,个英语单词。,until,表示动作持续到某一时间,We must work here until 10 o,clock.,我们必须在这儿工作到,10,点钟。,（续表）词条用法举例byby+时间点(表过去),常用于过去,考点二表示地点和方位的介词,1.at,on,in和to,词条,用法,举例,at,后接较小的场所或具体地点,at home,在家,at school,在学校,at the bus station,在公交站,on,与表面接触,on the desk,在书桌上,on the floor,在地板上,表示两地接壤,Guangxi is on the west of Guangdong.,广西在广东的西边。,考点二表示地点和方位的介词1.at,on,in和to词,（续表）,词条,用法,举例,in,表示在较大的地方,(,国家、省、城市等,),in China,在中国,in Hebei,在河北,in the city,在城市,在周围环境是立体的地方,in the forest,在森林里,in the classroom,在教室里,to,在范围之外,不接壤,Japan is to the east of China.,日本在中国的东部。,（续表）词条用法举例in表示在较大的地方(国家、省、城市等,2.across,through,over,和,past,(1)across,“横过,;,穿过”,指从物体表面的一边到另一边。,Go across the bridge,and you will see the hotel.,过了桥你就会看到那家宾馆。,(2)through,“穿过,;,透过”,指从某一物体的空间内部穿过。,Go through the forest,and you will see a river.,穿过森林,你将会看到一条河流。,2.across,through,over 和past,(3)over,“越过,;,翻过”,指从某一物体的上方越过,表面不接触。,The plane flew over the mountains.,飞机从那些山峰的上方飞过。,(4)past,“经过”,指从旁边经过。,The teacher saw the boy sleeping when he walked past the classroom.,当老师经过教室时,他看到那个男孩正在睡觉。,(3)over“越过;翻过”,指从某一物体的上方越过,表面不,3.in front of,和,in the front of,(1)in front of,“在,前面”,(,范围外,),。,There is a tree in front of the classroom.,教室前面有一棵树。,(,教室外,),(2)in the front of,“在,前面”,(,范围内,),。,Our teacher stands in the front of the classroom.,我们的老师站在教室的前面。,(,教室内,),3.in front of 和in the front of,4.between,和,among,(1)between,表示在两者之间。,The school is between the supermarket and the bookshop.,学校在超市和书店之间。,(2)among,表示在三者或三者以上的人或事物之间。,She sits among us,like a student.,她坐在我们当中,像个学生。,4.between和among,5.over,above,under和below,词条,含义及用法,over,“在正上方”,不接触,其反义词是,under,意为“在正下方”,above,“在的上方”,不接触,且不一定垂直,其反义词是,below,意为“在下方”,5.over,above,under和below词条含义,考点三表示方式、方法、途径的介词,词条,用法,举例,by,by+,表示交通工具的单数名词,且名词前不加任何修饰词,by plane,坐飞机,by bus,坐公交车,by subway,坐地铁,by+,与交通有关的名词,表示交通方式,I will go there by sea.,我将坐船去那里。,“,by+,名词,/,动名词”表示凭借工具或手段,Some work must be done by hand.,有些工作必须手工完成。,考点三表示方式、方法、途径的介词词条用法举例byby+表,（续表）,词条,用法,举例,in,in+,封闭的交通工具,且名词前有限定词,Alan goes to work in his sister,s car.,艾伦坐他姐姐的车去上班。,in+,某种材料,/,语言,/,声音等,She wrote a letter in black ink.,她用黑墨水写了一封信。,Can you say it in English?,你能用英语表达吗,?,（续表）词条用法举例inin+封闭的交通工具,且名词前有限,（续表）,词条,用法,举例,on,on+,开放型或大型交通工具,且名词前有限定词,;,固定搭配除外,如,on foot,My father goes to work on a bus every morning.,我爸爸每天早上坐公交车去上班。,表示用网络、电话、收音机、电视等,They talked on the phone and made a deal.,他们通过电话交谈并达成了协议。,with,表示“用,;,以,;,借助于”,其后常接具体的工具,I wrote the letter with a pen.,我用钢笔写的这封信。,（续表）词条用法举例onon+开放型或大型交通工具,且名词,考点四其他常考介词的用法,考点四其他常考介词的用法,Everyone is very happy except him.,除了他,每个人都很开心。,I learn English and maths besides Chinese.,除了语文,我还学习英语和数学。,Im leaving for Shanghai this weekend.,这个周末我将去上海。,He came in with a book in his hand.,他进来了,手里拿着一本书。,Let me speak to you as a friend.,让我以朋友的身份对你讲。,He is leaning against the wall and he is against my opinion.,他靠在墙边,反对我的观点。,Everyone is very happy except,考点五含有介词的短语,介词和动词、形容词和名词相结合后,有特定的意思,应熟记。,常见搭配,举例,动词,+,介词,look at,看,look for,寻找,think,of,想起,arrive at/in,到达,be,动词,+,形容词,+,介词,be kind to,对友好,be good at,擅长,be,interested in,对感兴趣,be,sorry for,为抱歉,be late for,迟到,考点五含有介词的短语介词和动词、形容词和名词相结合后,有特,（续表）,常见搭配,举例,介词,+,名词,on business,出差,in English,用英语,by,bus,坐公交车,after school,放学后,其他,at once,立刻,with one,s