基本句法 basic sentence structures

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,英语句法,英语的基本成分有七种：主语（,subject,）谓语（,predicate,）表语（,predicative,）宾语（,object,）宾语补足语,(object complement),定语（,attribute,）状语,(adverbial),主语：是句子要说明的人或物,可以作主语的成分有名词，主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！,1)Mr.Lee is a well-known scientist.,2)He reads newspapers everyday.,3)Two and ten is twelve.,4)Smoking is harmful to the health.,5)To swim in that pool is a great pleasure.,6)What we shall do next is not yet decided.,谓语,:,说明主语的动作，状态或特征。,1)The new term begins on the 1,st,of September.,2)His father is an engineer.,3)She seemed happy.,4)Li,Hua,showed me his album.,宾语,:,指的是及物动词涉及到的人或物,.,1)Wang Ling lent me a novel to read in the bus.,2)The medicine is good for a cold.,3)How many pieces do you want?,4)My little sister always likes to ask questions.,5)Would you mind coming earlier tomorrow?,6)He asked me what I was going to do tonight,宾语补足语,:,在宾语后面补充说明 宾语 的动作,状态,特征,.,1)The government appointed her chief delegate to the conference.,2)I dont believe the story true.,3)You should put your things in order.,4)The doctor advised her to stay in bed for a week.,5)We saw the pupils playing basketball.,表语：是谓语的一部分，它位于系动 词如,be,之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。,1)Wangs father is a doctor.,2)He is always careless.,3)The basketball match is on.,4)All the pupils are on the playground now.,5)Our aim is to win more medals.,6)His work is teaching French.,7)The question is who can really repair the machines.,定语,:,是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用,的表示。,Tom is a handsome boy.,The two boys are students.,His boy needs Toms pen.,The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.,The boy needs a ball pen.,The best boy here is Tom.,There is nothing to do today.,The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother.,This is the new dictionary which I bought yesterday.,状语：状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。,1)She sings quite well.,2)On Sundays,there is no student in the classroom.,3)He sits there,asking for a pen.,4)The boy needs a pen to do his homework.,5)If I have some spare time,I will take up German.,同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分，近乎于后置定语。如：,We students should study hard./(students,是,we,的同位语，都是指同一批学生）,We all are students./(all,是,we,的同位语，都指同样的我们）,The news that C,用符号标出下列句子的成分：,1)I saw your uncle in the shop yesterday.,2)Her father became a Party member in 1950.,3)To sleep on a spring bed is very comfortable.,4)Mr.Hopkins teaches Mary English.,5)She knows how to teach English properly.,6)The next morning,we found him lying in bed,dead.,7)Being Chinese,we care much about how many gold medals the Chinese team has got.,8).Who are you looking for?,9).It was a pity that you didnt watch that wonderful football match.,10)I think it is necessary for us to learn English.,11)I think it necessary for us to learn English.,12)Many accidents which occur in the streets could be prevented if we were more careful.,13)The watch which her mother gave it to her works very well.,14)His delay of an hour is due to the fact that the train met with a minor accident.,Analyze the sentences:,1.The students often keep their classroom clean and tidy.,2.We find it impossible to finish the task in such short time.,3.The question being discussed seemed important.,4.The town towards which we are moving is the one I used to live in.,5.Hearing that his son was badly wounded,he hurried to the hospital to see him.,6.We heard a warning on the radio that a hurricane is on its way.,Correcting:,1.It made our school looks liked a school.,2.Everywhere have green trees and flowers.,3.There are many trees are growing in our school.,4.We found him was having an English lesson.,5.,Ill spend the whole day reading and prepare for it.,6.The children went away laughed.,7.The church burned down yesterday date from the 18th century.,8.Its not good to keep children busily with their studies all day long.,9.,Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit.,1.The person we spoke to _no answer at first.,A.make B.making,C.makes,D.made,2.Who do you think _us a talk this afternoon?,A.to give,B.gave,C.will give,D.giving,3,、,The days we look forward to _at last.,A.comes B.to come,C.came D.coming,4.Time should be made good use of _our lessons well.,A.learning,B.learned,C.to learn D.learns,5.We should do all we can _ him.,A.to help B.help C.helping D.helps,C,C,D,C,A,6.Why all the boys fell ill suddenly _ still unknown.,A.are B.was C.is D.were,7.“Cant you read”?Mary said _ to the notice.,A.angrily pointing B.and point angrily,C.angrily pointed D.and angrily pointing,8.Whom would you rather have _ with you.,A.to go B.gone C.go D.went,9.What do you consider _ to them?,A.to happen B.happened,C.happening D.happen,在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化,。,Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.,这种事情全世界各地每天都在发生。,Things of that sort are happening all over the world every day.,每天八时开始上课。,Classes begin at eight every day.,布朗夫人看起来很健康。,Mrs,Brown looks very healthy.,她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。,Her job is to look after the children in the nursery.,他失业了。