高考英语完形填空解题技巧ppt课件

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,自修课二：,如何全取完形填空,题目怎么命,一,选文章,Step 1,第一步,选文章,从,题材,来看，高考完形填空题的选材新颖、时尚，注重知识、文化、教育与品位有机结合，符合中学生的阅读兴趣。题材广泛，涉及,人物故事、教育、社会经济、文化发展,等。,2014,年浙江卷,老师无意中的表扬却使学生改变很大,2014,年北京卷,老师帮助一位小女孩获得同学们的认可,2014,年湖南卷,妈妈通过教孩子熨衣服，使孩子学会如何处理生活中的棘手之事,2014,年重庆卷,要入乡随俗,2014,年广东卷,就父母与孩子们的关系进行讨论,选材,01,第一步,选文章,体裁,02,从,体裁,来看，高考完形填空题通常以,记叙文,或,夹叙夹议,的文章为主，偶尔会出现议论文或说明文。以,2014,年高考为例，除了广东卷考的是议论文、重庆卷第二篇考的是说明文之外，,其他省份考的都是记叙文或夹叙夹议的文章,。,挖空格,Step 2,第二步 挖空格,文章首句一般不设空,01,首句一般暗示了文章的,主题、背景、时间、地点、人物,以及,事件的起因,等，这些元素实际上给我们理解原文和选择正确答案限定了范围，指明了方向。,第二步 挖空格,文章首句一般不设空,01,【,示例,】(2014,安徽高考,),In 2012, I had just recovered from a serious illness,when I received an invitation to a writers conference,in Orlando, Florida.,时间,人物,事件,地点,第二步 挖空格,依照词汇的再现和重复挖空,02,(1),挖空的词大多是未挖空词的再现和重复,示例,(2014,山东高考,),So in 1887, she appealed to the Manitoba Legislature to_,38,_a licence to her but they, too, refused. Charlotte_,39,_,continued,_ to practise without a licence until 1912. She died four years later at the age of 73.,In 1993, 77 years after her_,40,_,death,_,，,a medical licence was issued to Charlotte.,38,A. sell,B,donate,C,issue D,show,第二步 挖空格,依照词汇的再现和重复挖空,02,(2),未设空的文字一定是重要线索,示例,(2014,重庆高考,),Also be cautious about expressing _,34,_.Getting angry in Southeast Asia just makes you look silly.,34,A. emotions B,concern,C,interest D,views,分析：选,A,命题人之所以挖此空格，是因为,34,空后的句子,“,Getting angry in Southeast Asia just makes you look silly,”,为本空的解题提供重要的线索，即,getting angry,是一种情感,(,emotion,),。,示例,1,(2014,天津高考,) It was then _,25,_ I started to appreciate the tough choices she had to make on _,26,_,balancing,_ family and work.,25,A.when B,where,C,which D,that,第二步 挖空格,利用语法和固定搭配挖空,03,分析：选,D,25,空考查的是,强调句型,，故用,that,。,示例,2,(2014,山东高考,)While _,21,_,nursing,_ her ill elder sister throughout the years, Charlotte discovered she had a(n) _,22,_ in medicine.,22,A.habit B,interest,C,opinion D,voice,第二步 挖空格,利用语法和固定搭配挖空,03,分析：选,B,22,空考查固定搭配,have an interest in“,对,感兴趣,”,，其他三项后面一般都跟介词,of,；若和,in,搭配，,in,应在名词之前。,拟选项,Step 3,第三步 拟选项,正确选项是唯一的,01,这条看似显然的规律也能对解题有所帮助。例如在四个选项中其中两个选项是一对同义词或近义词，那么这两个选项就可以同时被排除了。这条规律我们称之为,“,同义必同错,”,。,示例,(2014,山东高考,)But Charlotte had been practising,without a,licence. She had_,34,_,applied,_,for,_a doctors licence in both Montreal and Winnipeg, but was_,35,_.,35,A. punished B,refused,C,blamed D,fired,第三步 拟选项,正确选项是唯一的,01,分析：选,B,从词义来看,A,、,C,两项属于近义词，都有,“,惩罚，责备,”,之意，这两个选项为同义选项，故可以利用,“,同义必同错,”,规律把这两项都排除掉。,示例,(2014,浙江高考,),25,A. Because of B,In spite of,C,Apart from D,As for,26,A. loved,B,envied,C,pleased,D,criticized,27,A. gradually,B,constantly,C,recently,D,obviously,28,A. self-respect B,self-doubt,C,self-pity D,self-defence,29,A. imagining B,observing,C,wondering D,regretting,第三步 拟选项,各选项的语法形式是一致的,02,第三步 拟选项,三个干扰选项之间的干扰程度各不相同,03,尽量不要直接把选项一一带入阅读。比如，有时候一对反义词或表示相反概念的词同时出现在四个选项中，正确答案很可能就在其中，这就是所谓的,“,反义多一对,”,。,示例,(2014,福建高考,)So it was with really great_,40,_that I stood in church one recent Sunday, video camera in hand, and _,41,_,watched,_my 68yearold father sweating in his shirt_,42,_,before,_rising to play the piano in his very first recital.,40,A.trouble B,satisfaction,C,strength D,disappointment,第三步 拟选项,三个干扰选项之间的干扰程度各不相同,03,分析：选,B,选项,B satisfaction (,满意,),和选项,D disappointment (,失望,),为一对反义词，本题可以,利用,“,反义多一对,”,规律,排除,A,、,C,两项。,文章怎么读,二,看似“残缺不全”,实则“,信息暗含,”,重视首句,把握开篇,Step 1,第一步 重视首句，把握开篇,文章首句一般不设空,01,【,示例,】(2014,山东高考,),Charlotte Whitehead was born in England in 1843,，,and moved to Montreal,，,Canada at the age of five,with her family.,时间,地点,人物,事件,预测信息：,下文很可能介绍夏洛特一家在蒙特利尔发生的故事。,记叙文,第一步 重视首句，把握开篇,文章首句一般不设空,01,【,示例,】(2014,湖南高考,),The summer before I went off to college, Mom stood,me in her usual spot behind the ironing board (,烫衣板,),and said, “Pay attention:,Im going to teach you to iron.”,预测信息：,后文中妈妈很可能会通过熨衣服来教我如何处理生活中可能会出现的一些棘手问题。,夹叙夹议文,时间,人物,时间,第一步 重视首句，把握开篇,利用首句可抓住文章的核心及中心话题,02,【,示例,1】(2014,广东高考,),Parents feel that it is difficult to live with teenagers.,首句,“,父母感到很难与十几岁的孩子相处,”,直接点明文章的中心话题。,下文很可能会就父母与孩子的关系问题展开讨论。,直接信息：,预测信息：,第一步 重视首句，把握开篇,利用首句可抓住文章的核心及中心话题,02,【,示例,2】(2014,重庆高考,),Cultural differences occur wherever you go.,首句,“,无论你到哪里，总会有文化的冲突现象,”,说明要入乡随俗。,下文很可能要告诉我们身处异国他乡时如何处理文化冲突。,直接信息：,预测信息：,快速浏览掌握大意,Step 2,第二步 快速浏览，掌握大意,快速浏览也叫,“,带空浏览,”,，要一气呵成，尽管有空格、生词或不明白的地方，仍要快速读下去。读时要注意找出关键词、中心词，如,时间、地点、人物词，显示故事发展的连词、过渡词，表示人物情感的形容词、副词，代表故事情节的关键词,等，边读边将这些词圈划下来，以便于形成思路。切忌在未掌握大意的基础上，边阅读，边做题，这样速度慢、准确率低。,第二步 快速浏览，掌握大意,It was already half past seven and I was running late,again for the dinner appointment with my wife, Eleanor.,We had,41,to meet at the restaurant at seven oclock. I,felt a little uneasy, but to my,42, I had a good excuse:,A,business meeting had,43,and Id wasted no time getting to the dinner.,时间：晚上,7,点半,人物一：,“,我,”,情感词：不安的,【,示例,】(2014,辽宁高考,),事件：晚餐迟到,人物二：,“,我,”,的妻子,第二步 快速浏览，掌握大意,When I arrived at the,44, I apologized and told,Eleanor I didnt mean to be late. She screamed, “You,never mean to.” Well, I,45,tell she was angry. “Im,sorry but was not,46,” I said. Then I told her about the,business meeting.,47, my explanation seemed to make,things worse, which started to drive,48,mad as well.,故事情节关键词：吼叫，表示妻子对,“,我,”,迟到不满,情感词：生气的,【,示例,】(2014,辽宁高考,),第二步 快速浏览，掌握大意,Several weeks later, when I,49,the situation to my,friend Ken Hardy, he smiled, “You,50,a classic mistake.,Youre stuck,51,your own way of thinking. You didnt,52,to be late. But thats not the point. What is,53,in your,communication is how your lateness affected Eleanor.”,He pointed out that I focused on the intention,54,Eleanor focused on the result. Thus,55,of us felt,misunderstood and crazy.,时间：几周以后,人物三：,“,我,”,的朋友,故事情节关键词：结果，,“,我,”,强调,“,意图,”,，而妻子关注,“,结果,”,【,示例,】(2014,辽宁高考,),转折连词：表示朋友对此事态度的转变,故事情节关键词：意图，目的,故事情节关键词：,“,我,”,和妻子之间存在,“,误解,”,第二步 快速浏览，掌握大意,Thinking more about Kens words, I,56,recognized the root cause of such disagreement. Its the result of the,action that really,57,. I should have started the,conversation by expressing,58,my actions affected,Eleanor and,59,the discussions about my intention for later, much later and even never.,故事情节关键词：我们二人有,“,分歧,”,【,示例,】(2014,辽宁高考,),第二步 快速浏览，掌握大意,Later on, after talking to Eleanor and really 60 her,experience of the results of my lateness, Ive managed,to be on time a lot more frequently.,时间：后来,故事情节关键词：通过此事，,“,我,”,变得,“,守时,”,了,【,示例,】(2014,辽宁高考,),题目怎么做,三,倡导“,先句后篇,”,注意“,前后多联,”,大着眼点,3,完形填空,完形填空,3,大着眼点,句内层次题,1,句组层次题,2,语篇层次题,3,完形填空,3,大着眼点,句内层次题,1,句内层次类题目是指通过阅读,空格所处的那一句话,即可找出答案的题目。,完形填空,3,大着眼点,句内层次题,01,【,示例,1】(2014,湖南高考,),It didnt make use of long muscles we used to throw a baseball, and it wasnt a _,40,_ operation like,iceskating.,40,A. direct,B,single,C,smooth D,strange,分析：选,C,本题为句内层次题。由空格后面的,“,ice-skating(,滑冰,),”,就可以得知,40,空应选,smooth(,平滑的,),。,完形填空,3,大着眼点,句内层次题,01,【,示例,2】(2014,福建高考,),My father had longed to play music since childhood, but his family was poor and couldnt _,43,_ lessons.,43,A. miss B,afford,C,select D,understand,分析：选,B,本题为句内层次题。由本句中的,“,his family was poor,”,可推知，不能负担起,(afford),钢琴课的费用。,完形填空,3,大着眼点,句组层次题,1,句组层次类题目是指通过阅读空格所处的那一句话不能找出正确答案，需要结合题目,所在句子以外的句子,(,句组,),才可找出答案的题目。,完形填空,3,大着眼点,句内层次题,02,【,示例,1】(2014,江苏高考,),He withdrew from many school activities _,40,_,because,_ he didnt have the time or the _,41,_.He had only one good suit.,41,A. permits B,interest,C,talent D,clothes,分析：选,D,本题为句组层次题。,41,题所需的信息在空格之后的一句话中。通过,He had only one good suit,“,他只有一件好衣服,”,可知，他之所以退出许多学校活动是因为他没有时间或衣服,(,clothes,),。,完形填空,3,大着眼点,句内层次题,02,【,示例,2】(2014,安徽高考,),Arriving in the Sunshine State was rather tiring, but I _,38,_,managed,_ to catch a taxi to my _,39,_,accommodation,_ and settle in.Next morning, I took another _,40,_ to the shopping centre to buy a few souvenirs.,40,A. colleague B,passenger,C,suitcaseD,taxi,分析：选,D,本题为句组层次题。从空格所在的句子无法确定答案，但我们可以通过前面的句子寻找答案。由前面句子的,“,catch a taxi,”,可知，这里表示我又乘坐一辆出租车,(,taxi,),。,完形填空,3,大着眼点,语篇层次题,3,语篇层次类题目是指无法在句内或句组确定答案，需要,结合整个语篇,才能找到正确答案的题目。,完形填空,3,大着眼点,语篇层次题,03,【,示例,1】(2014,福建高考,),So it was with really great _,40,_,satisfaction,_ that I stood in church one recent Sunday, video camera in hand, and _,41,_,watched,_ my 68yearold father sweating in his shirt _,42,_ rising to play the piano in his very first recital.,For a moment after my father sat down at the keyboard, he _,47,_,simply,_ stared down at his fingers.,42,A. through B,from,C,against D,before,分析,：选,D,本题为语篇层次题。根据,47,题前面的,“,For a moment after my father sat down at the keyboard,”,可知，作者的父亲其实还没有开始演奏，所以他,sweating in his shirt,应是在,rising to play the piano,之前的动作，故选,D,。,完形填空,3,大着眼点,语篇层次题,03,【,示例,2】(2014,北京高考,),She was really small for her age of 12. The boys in my class often _,36,_,joked,_ about her and laughed their heads off. She would open a book, pretending to read, with tears dropping on the open page.,I looked down at this _,38,_ girl and promised myself that somehow I would help her.,38,A. rich B,proud,C,t,iny D,popular,分析,：选,C,本题为语篇层次题。根据,36,空前面的句子,“,She was really small for her age of 12,”,可知，这个女孩很娇小，故选,tiny,。,大解题技巧,6,完形填空,完形填空,6,大解题技巧,利用文章首句解题,1,完形填空首句一般,不设空,，而首句往往是了解全文的窗口，依据首句所给的信息常常可以看出文章的体裁和背景，从而有利于快速把握文章的主旨大意。,文章首句,往往是完形填空做题的,切入点,，开始几个空往往与首句有密切关系。,完形填空,6,大解题技巧,利用文章首句解题,01,【,示例,】(2014,安徽高考,),In 2012, I had just recovered from a serious illness when I received an invitation to a writers conference in Orlando, Florida. My family persuaded me that a(n) _,36,_ might be just what the doctor ordered, so off I _,37,_.,36,A. holiday,B,ceremony,C,operation D,experiment,37,A. kept B,went,C,dropped D,knocked,【,示例,】(2014,安徽高考,),In 2012, I had just recovered from a serious illness when I received an invitation to a writers conference in Orlando, Florida.,My family persuaded me that a(n) _,36,_ might be just what the doctor ordered, so off I _,37,_.,36,A. holiday,B,ceremony,C,operation D,experiment,37,A. kept B,went,C,dropped D,knocked,分析,：,36,题选,A,37,题选,B,。,36,、,37,题可利用文章首句解题。通过首句可知，本文为记叙文，作者讲述了自己,2012,年到佛罗里达州的奥兰多参加作家研讨会的故事。首句提到作者刚刚大病初愈就接到了会议邀请。根据首句可知，,36,题应为,holiday,，即医生指示刚刚康复的病人,“,度假,”,。,37,题前面有,so,，前后为因果关系，当然是,went off(,离开,),。,完形填空,6,大解题技巧,利用上下文语境解题,2,上下文是形成语境的基础，做题时要学会瞻前顾后，要做到,词不离句、句不离段、段不离文,。因为，有时如果单独看空格，看似几个选项填入空格都没有错，句子也通顺，但结合全文内容来理解，就只有一个最佳答案。,完形填空,6,大解题技巧,利用上下文语境解题,02,【,示例,】(2014,山东高考,),But Charlotte had been practising without a licence. She had _,34,_ a doctors licence in both Montreal and Winnipeg, but was,35,_,refused,.,34,A. put away B,taken over,C,turned in D,applied for,分析,：选,D,本题可利用上下文语境解题。由上文中,“,But Charlotte had been practising without a licence.,”,可知，,Charlotte,一直是在无证行医，她曾申请行医执照，但是被拒绝。,完形填空,6,大解题技巧,利用逻辑关系解题,3,逻辑关系隐藏在,句子中、句与句之间以及段落的衔接中,。利用逻辑关系，我们可以通过确切、具体的线索，把答案的逻辑意义推测出来，从而确定正确选项。,完形填空,6,大解题技巧,利用逻辑关系解题,03,1,句中逻辑关系,【,示例,】(2013,新课标全国卷,I),I tried to find a,47,_,comfortable,position and thought it might be restful,，,_,48,_ kind of nice, to be,49,_,pushed,around for a while.,48,A. yet B,just,Cstill Deven,分析,：选,D,本题可利用句中逻辑关系解题。由上文,“,我尽力找到一个舒适的坐姿，认为这样可以放松一些。,”,可知此处应为表示递进关系的,even,。表示,“,我想，要是被人推着四处走一会儿那就太好了。,”,完形填空,6,大解题技巧,利用逻辑关系解题,03,2,句间逻辑关系,【,示例,】(2013,湖北高考,),The house came,45,_,alive,the next few days.Zigfried,46,_,enjoyed,every single hour of them. _,47,_,，,the day before Christmas when he was drinking hot chocolate with a,48,_,satisfied,smile at the door of his home, he heard the,49,_,discussion,of the children of the family about what they might get for Christmas.,47,A. However B,Instead,C,Moreover D,Therefore,分析,：选,A,本题可利用句间逻辑关系解题。从,47,空前后文的关系来看，此处表示转折关系，故用,however,。,完形填空,6,大解题技巧,利用逻辑关系解题,03,3.,段间逻辑关系,【,示例,】(2013,天津高考,),Such is Dad whatever problem he,25,_,meets,_,with,_he never gives up.,_,26,_,，,the disastrous effects of the drought were felt all over our country .,26,A. Thankfully B,Hopefully,C,UnfortunatelyD,Strangely,分析,：选,C,本题可利用段间逻辑关系解题。上文提到父亲无论遇到什么困难都不放弃，下文提到整个国家发生了旱灾，因此，此处选,C,项。,完形填空,6,大解题技巧,利用语义复现解题,4,复现是一种语境衔接手段，它通过,原词、同义词或近义词、反义词、上义词、下义词、同源词或同根词,等形式，重复出现来表达某一概念，使整篇文章上下连贯，有机地衔接在一起。因此，考生可根据文章的具体情况，理解文章的结构和语境，利用文章中的复现现象来选择正确的答案。,完形填空,6,大解题技巧,利用语义复现解题,04,1.,原词复现,【,示例,】(2014,天津高考,),I had said “yes” but for the first time, I realized the _,20,_ decisions adults had to make . It was then,25,_,that,I started to appreciate the tough choices she had to make on,26,_,balancing,family and work.,20,A. poor B,timely,C,final D,tough,分析,：选,D,本题可利用原词复现解题。句意：我已经说了,yes,，但是平生第一次我意识到了大人们必须要做的,_,决定。第,25,空后的,“,I started to appreciate the,tough,choices she had to make,”,中的,tough,为本空答案的原词复现。,完形填空,6,大解题技巧,利用语义复现解题,04,2.,同义或近义词复现,【,示例,】(2013,湖南高考,),“Wait a minute,，,” Mom said. “I want your _,39,_,clothes,_ back. You didnt wear anything when you arrived.” This really angered me. I tore my clothes off shoes, socks, underwear and all and _,40,_,，,“Can I go now,？,” “Yes,，,” Mom answered, “but once you close that door, dont expect to come back.”,40,A. explained B,suggested,C,continued D,shouted,分析,：选,D,本题可利用同义或近义词复现解题。由,“,This really,angered,me.,”,可知，当妈妈向作者要衣服的时候他已经非常生气了，这时候脱下衣服的他更是控制不住愤怒。与,anger,相对应的词应为,“,shout,”,。,完形填空,6,大解题技巧,利用语义复现解题,04,3.,反义词复现,【,示例,】(2014,浙江高考,),Jeanne spoke _,33,_,，,and to encourage her to raise her voice, I had said, “Speak up. Simons the expert on this. He is the,34,_,only,one you have to convince, and he cant hear you in the,35,_,back,of the room.”,33,A. quietly B,repeatedly,C,quickly D,firmly,分析,：选,A,本题可利用反义词复现解题。由下文的,“,raise her voice,”,和,“,Speak up,”,可知，应选,quietly,。,“,speak quietly,”,对应,“,raise .voice,”,和,“,speak up,”,。,完形填空,6,大解题技巧,利用反映作者态度或感情色彩的词汇解题,5,在高考完形填空文章中，我们一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中，细心找出能够反映,作者态度和感情色彩,的重要词汇，它们往往是,名词、形容词、副词、动词,等。这些词汇经常是我们做题时重要的参照线索，可以帮助我们快速圈定某些题目的正确答案。,完形填空,6,大解题技巧,利用反映作者态度或感情色彩的词汇解题,05,【,示例,】(2014,安徽高考,),_,41,_,Later,_ I went to a caf to have lunch, but all the tables were _,42,_,occupied,. Then I heard a friendly voice saying, “You can _,43,_ my table.”,43,A. share B,reserve,C,set D,possess,分析,：选,A,本题可利用反映作者态度或感情色彩的词汇解题。根据本句话中的褒义词,friendly,可知，此处应为,“,共享我的餐桌,”,。,完形填空,6,大解题技巧,利用生活常识和文化背景解题,6,完形填空的语篇中往往渗透着相关的如,文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情,等方面的知识。考生在做题时，若能积极地调动自己的文化背景知识和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，特别是,注意中西文化的差异,，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，顺利地沿作者的思路阅读下去。,完形填空,6,大解题技巧,利用生活常识和文化背景解题,06,【,示例,】(2012,湖北高考,),He agreed, but,43,_,added,_“An odometer without a speedometer (,速度计,) is like a _,44,_ without a knife.”,44,A. pencil B,fork,C,box D,cake,分析,：选,B,本题可利用生活常识和文化背景解题。,西方人使用刀、叉吃饭为基本常识,，了解西方人的生活方式是解本题的关键。,完形填空,解题流程,先速读,再巧做,预测主题,判断文体,重视首句,把握大意,了解线索快速浏览,情景还原寻找重复逐句细读,边读边填，扫除句内层次题,(,凭语感，能填的尽量填一填,),句句相连，扫除句组层次题,(,凭语感不能填，本句前后去找信息源,),贯通全篇，扫除语篇层次题,(,本句前后无法找到信息源，,通览全文攻难点,),一般来讲，高考完形填空的首、尾句是不挖空的，先跳读这两句，便可判断体裁，猜想它要讲什么。若首句交代了,when, where, who, what,，即四个,W,，那么就是记叙文；若首句是提出或解释说明某事物，一般来说是说明文；若首句提出一个论点，那么就是议论文。,做完形填空时要注意文章首句的点题作用和短文中完整句的提示作用。首先要快速浏览全文，弄清各段落之间、各层次之间的内在逻辑线索，把握文章的主旨大意。只有这样才能为下一步的解题打下基础。,了解文章大意和行文线索之后，逐句细读。遵循,“,先易后难,”,的原则，首先解决句内和句组层次题，解题时要按照,“,寻找重复、逻辑分析,”,的原则，找出题目的信息源和重复点。对于语篇层次题，若在前文找不到解题线索，可以先放一放，待到读完下文后，通过,“,情景还原、合理推断,”,，往往会出现,“,柳暗花明,”,的情况。,在完形填空题中，通过速读文章，了解大意后，再根据自己已有的生活常识和文化背景知识，我们通常可以通过阅读空格所在句子便可选出符合语境的答案，此类题大约有三分之一左右。,有些题目通过空格所在句子无法确定正确选项，我们可以通过阅读其本段中的前后句，再结合文章主题，往往可以找出解题线索从而选出答案，此类题大约有一半左右。,有些题目通过空格所在句子和其前后句无法确定正确选项，这时我们必须通过阅读全篇，站在整个语篇的角度才能选出正确的答案，此类题一般有四分之一。,完形填空解题流程,Goodbye!,