被动语态1讲解课件

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,.,*,被动语态,.,一 定义：,语态(voice)是个语法范畴，它是一种动词形式，表示动词的主语与该动词所表示的动作之间的主动和被动关系。,当主语是动作的执行者时，动词用主动语态（Active Voice）；,如果主语是动作的承受者，动词便用被动语态（Passive Voice）。,.,We cleaned the classroom yesterday.昨天我们打扫了教室。,The classroom,was cleaned,by,us yesterday.,昨天教室被我们打扫了。,.,二、,被动语态,结构：,be,+,过去分词,(,PP,)+(,by,),.,表格：被动态基本结构,am/is/are,done,was/were,done,am/is/are,being,done,was/were,being,done,(shall/will/be going to),be,done,would,be,done,have/has,been,done,had,been,done,.,在被动句中有时用by-词组，有时不用。一般来说，当动作的执行者为谁不甚清楚，不甚重要或难以说出时，通常不用by。但有时为了强调动作执行者或者由于上下和结构上的需要则必须使用 by 词组。例如：,Hamlet was written,by Shakespeare,.哈姆雷特是莎士比亚写的。,.,1.把,原,来的,宾语,提到前面作被动语态的,主语,;,2.把,动词,变成“,be+过去分词,”;,3.主动语态中的,主语,变为介词,by,的,宾语,。,三,、主动变被动的方法,即：宾变主,谓变被.主变宾，前加by.,.,当主动句变为被动句时，原来的宾语变成了主语，原来的主语变成了介词by 的宾语。主动句与被动句的结构虽然不同，但动作的执行者和承受者的关系并没有改变。,.,主动语态的宾语分：,1、单宾,2、双宾,3、复合宾语,4、宾语从句,.,.,People speak English almost all over the world.世界各地都有人讲英语。,Eng,l,ish is spoken almost all over the world.,1含有单宾语的主动句的转换,：,.,单宾,：,She does her homework at school.,Her homeworkis done(by her)at,school.(by短语常省略),Where do people grow cotton in China?,Where is cotton grown in China?,.,2.含有双宾语的主动句的转换,I gave the book to Mr.Smith yesterday.昨天我给了史密斯先生一本书。,The book,was given,to,Mr.Smith yesterday(by me).,Mr.Smith,was given a book yesterday(by me).,.,2、,双宾（举例）,-A book was given to him(by me)yesterday.,I gave him a book yesterday.,-He was given a book(by me)yesterday.,Mr Cheng teaches us math this term.,We math this term.,My sister bought me a jacket last week.,A jacket me last week,are taught,was bought for,.,双宾,带有双宾语的主动句，变被动句时，一般把“人”提前。若将“物”提前则要在“人”的前面加to或for.,如 遇双宾语，最好变间宾，如若变直宾，间宾前加to/for,（“make,draw,sing,choose,buy,keep”用for,其他动词用to）.,.,1),带to不定式作宾语补足语的,ask/tell/allow/encourage/promisesb.to do sth.结构,：,are encouraged,3.,复合宾语,They encourage,us,to plant more trees.,We to plant more trees.,.,People should allow,teenagers,to choose their own clothes.,Teenagers,to choose their own clothes.,should be allowed,.,2),不带to不定式作宾语补足语的复合宾语,主动语态中的,感官使役动词,（一感、二听、三使，四看）后面省略to的不定式，在改为被动语态时，一定要补上to.,口诀：,这些动词真奇怪，主动句中to 离开，被动句中to回来.(feel,listen to,hear,let have,make,look at,see,watch,notice,),.,I heard him sing in the next room.,-He sing in the next room.,They made us do all kinds of work.,-We do all kinds of work.,I saw her enter the library.,-She enter the library.,was heard to,were made to,was seen to,.,They,take good care of,the baby.,The baby,is taken good care of,by them.,注意：,含动词词组的被动语态，须将其看作一个整体，不可把它们分隔开来。,.,People believe that he is an honest boy.,大家认为他是个诚实的孩子。,It is believed that he is an honest boy.,The boy is believed to be an honest one.,2)把宾语从句里的主语变成被动句的主语，同时把宾语从句中的谓语变成不定式短语。,1)用先行的it作形式主语，把宾语从句变成后置的主语从句；,4.,当主动句的宾语是that引导的宾语从句，可转换为两种形式的被动句。,.,4、,宾语从句,They say Mr Mark will come to China soon.,Its said that,Mr Mark will come to China soon.,据说Mr Mark马上要到中国来,It is reported that,it rained heavily in the south of China.据报道,Its thought/believed that,据认为,Its suggested that,有人建议,Its well known that,众所周知,Its hoped that,人们希望。,.,四、主动语态,表被动意义：,1.,表示主语状态特征的连系动词,+形容词、名词构成系表结构,：,look,sound，,feel,smell,taste,seem,appear,，turn,stay,become,get,grow,keep,等,。,Your idea,sounds,reasonable.,The dish,tastes,delicious.,.,2.,表示“开始”；“结束”,“运动”,类的动词。常见的这类动词有,begin,start,open,close,shut,end,finish,stop,run,move,等。例如：,School,begins,in September.,The stores,open,later at weekends than at weekdays.,.,3.,主语是物，谓语是表示主语特征或属性的动词。常见的这类动词有,write,read,wear,wash,clean,sell,lock,shut,run,dry,drink,等。这些动词常与副词或否定词连用。例如：,The machine,runs,well.,This pen,writes,quite smoothly.,The book,s,sells,well,.,.,4.,动名词主动形式表示被动意义,1.,),在need,require,want(需要)等动词后，表示某物(人)要进行处理时，后接动名词一般式的主动形式作宾语表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动式。例如：,Youve come just in time to help us.,Fine,what requires doing?(=Fine,what requires to be done?),This sentence needs _.,A.an improvement B.improve C.improving D.improved,C,.,2.,),be worth 后接动名词的主动式表示被动意义。,His suggestion is not worth considering.,5.,动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义,),不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式有逻辑,上的主谓关系时。例如：,The next train to arrive was from New York.,.,2,),.,不定式在某些形容词后作状语,且和句子的主语,(,或宾语,),构成动宾关系时,用主动式表被动义。,difficult,easy,hard,fit,pleasant,good,comfortable,light,heavy,safe,The fish is not fit _(eat),We find English is hard _,_,(learn),The article is difficult _(understand).,to eat,to learn,to understand,.,3,),.,不定式作后置定语,与被修饰的名词构成动宾关系,又和该句主语,(,或宾语,),构成主谓关系时,用主动式表被动义。,I have a lot of homework,_(do),Ill give him some books _(read),to do,to read,.,五、没有被动语态的动词和词组(1),1、有些“静态”动词不能用于被动语态,。,（have,cost,last,own,suit,hold,fit,belong to,agree with,等,）,The travel,lasted,3 weeks.这次旅行持续 了三个星期。,The MP3,costs,500 yuan.,This dictionary,belongs to,Mike.,.,2、有些不及物动词,及短语,（appear,happen,take place,break out,die,belong to,agree with,keep up with,make a face,等,The war,broke out,in 1932.,.,3.动词,leave,enter,reach,等，其宾语是表示处所、地点等,.,6He received a telegram _:“Mother ill”,Awritten,B.reading,C.said,D.writing,B,.,7.-Did you hand him the letter yesterday?,-No,I _ to him,brought it,took it,had it sent,carried it,C,.,8Alice had a dress _ last week,Amade,B.make,C.to be made,