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单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,Lesson 22 Automobile Maintenance,Lesson 22 Automobile Maintenan,Maintenance is something most of us ignore, until our vehicle stops functioning, and then we wonder what went wrong, where . Maintenance is one of the most serious aspects of ownership. It determines the longevity, performance and reliability of whichever vehicle you drive. Looking after your vehicle involves more than taking care of its external coat of paint and keeping it clean and shiny.,Maintenance is something most,Maintenance means taking care of all the parts, even those that are inside the bonnet. These are the ones that directly concern the performance of the vehicle. Besides taking it to the service station at regular periods, it is a good idea to go through the owners manual that will give a fair idea about its routine maintenance.,Maintenance means taking care,Air filter. Check it every month. Replace it when it becomes dirty or as part of a tune-up. It is easy to reach, right under the big metal “lid”, in a carbureted engine; or in a rectangular box at the forward end of the air in a duct hose assembly.,Air filter. Check it every mon,Battery. Extreme caution should be taken while handling a battery since it can produce explosive gases. It is advisable not to smoke, create a spark or light a match near a battery. Always wear protective glasses and gloves.,Battery. Extreme caution shoul,Belts. Inspect belts and hoses smoothly. Replace glazed, worn or frayed belts. Replace bulging, rotten or brittle hoses and tighten clamps. If a hose looks bad, or feels too soft or too hard, it should be replaced.,Belts. Inspect belts and hoses,Brake fluid. Check the brake fluid monthly. First wipe dirt from the brake master cylinder reservoir lid. Pry off the retainer clip and remove the lid or unscrew the plastic lid, depending on which type your vehicle has. If you need fluid, add the improved type and check for possible leaks throughout the system. Do not overfill.,Brake fluid. Check the brake f,Engine oil. Check the oil after every filling up. Remove the dipstick, wipe it clean and insert it fully. If it is low, add oil. To maintain peak performance, the oil should be changed every 3,000 kilometers or 3 months, whichever comes first. Replace the oil filter with every oil change.,Engine oil. Check the oil afte,Exhaust. Look underneath for loose or broken exhaust clamps and supports. Check for holes in muffler or pipes. Replace the rusted or damaged parts. Have the emission checked at once per year for compliance with local laws.,Lights. Make sure that all your lights are clean and working, including the brake lights, turn signals and emergency flashers. Keep spare bulbs and fuses in your vehicle.,Exhaust. Look underneath for l,Power steering fluid. Check the power steering fluid level once per month. Check it by removing the reservoir dipstick. If the level is down, add fluid and inspect the pump and hoses for leaks.,Shock absorbers. Look for signs of oil seepage on shock absorbers, and test shock action by bouncing the car up and down. The car should stop bouncing when you step back. Worn or leaking shocks should be replaced. Always replace shock absorbers in pairs.,Power steering fluid. Check th,Tyres. Keep tyres inflated to recommended pressure. Check for cuts, bulges and excessive tread wear. Uneven wear indicates tyres are misaligned or out of balance.,Transmission fluid. Check transmission fluid monthly with engine warm and running, and the parking brake on. Shift to drive, then to park. Remove dipstick, wipe dry, insert it and remove it again. Add the approved type fluid, if needed. Never overfill.,Tyres. Keep tyres inflated to,Washer fluid. Keep the windshield washer fluid reservoir full. Use some of it to clean off the wiper blades.,Wiper blades. Inspect the windscreen wiper blades whenever you clean your windshield. Do not wait until the rubber is worn or brittle to replace them. They should be replaced at least once per year, and more often if smearing occurs.,Washer fluid. Keep the windshi,Car parts need regular care:,Engine. For the protection of the engine, change its oil regularly. Follow the manufacturers recommendations on oil and filter changes. Engine oil, transmission fluid and fuel are systems that need to be checked and replaced periodically.,Car parts need regular care:,Brakes. At times you may notice that brakes tend to become unresponsive, wobbly and act slowly. It is time to check and top-up the brake fluid reservoir.,Brakes. At times you may notic,Battery. For the prevention of corrosion, it is imperative that you clean the battery terminals regularly and apply a light coating of grease. Also, check the level of distilled water in the battery and ensure that the plates are covered at all times. If the level of water is very low, the acid becomes concentrated and the plates get corroded.,Battery. For the prevention of,Interior. The interior of the cars must always be spotlessly clean. Regular vacuum of the interior will prevent the deposition of any kind of sand, dust, grime or salt from damaging the floor surface . Wipe the dash, seats, instrument panel and the rear parcel shelf. Use special car cleaners and not household stuff for cleaning.,Interior. The interior of the,Exterior. A well maintained exterior is a sign of good maintenance and goes a long way in jacking up its resale value 6. This is especially important in coastal cities where salt air corrodes unprotected metal surfaces. Wash regularly to keep rust at bay.,Exterior. A well maintained ex,Wash windscreens with soap and water. Follow it up with clean water. Then use chamois leather to wipe all the spots dry. When the car is dry, use a rag dipped in mentholated spirit and water solution to polish the glass.,Lights. It is important for the lights to be properly focused, for your own and for the oncoming vehicles safety. Travel on low beam so that it does not obstruct your view instead of helping you along.,Wash windscreens with soap and,Tyres. They wear out unevenly. For them to last longer, keep rotating the position of the tyres and balance them at intervals of around 10,000 km. Under-inflated tyres also increase your fuel consumption by 10%. A periodic check for stone and gravel enmeshed in the tyres is also a must.,Tyres. They wear out unevenly.,Tyre pressure. The required amount of air pressure needs to be strictly maintained if the car is to get the right mileage and pick-up .,Water. If the engine uses water for cooling, take care to ensure that it is regularly changed. Water can also be used for cleaning the windshield.,Tyre pressure. The required am,Thanks for your presence!,Thanks for your presence!,
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