直接引语、间接引语

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Direct speech,直接引语和间接引语,&indirect speech,引述别人的话语一般采用两种方式,:,一是原封不动地引用原话,把它放在括号内,这叫直接引语,(Direct speech);,一是用自己的话加以转述,这叫间接引语,(Indirect speech),直接引语变间接引语时,时态要发生变化,:,一般现在时,现在完成时,现在进行时,一般将来时,一般过去时,一般过去时,过去完成时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时,直接引语,(,变化前,),间接引语,(,变化后,),陈述句,Jane said,“Im very fond of traveling.”,that,引导的宾语从句,Jane said,that,she,was,very fond of traveling.,直接引语,(,变化前,),间接引语,(,变化后,),一般疑问句,“,Is this your umbrella,Mary?”asked John.,whether/if,引导的宾语从句,John asked Mary,if,that,was,her umbrella.,直接引语,(,变化前,),间接引语,(,变化后,),特殊疑问句,“,Mary,when will you return me the book?”asked John.,wh,-,词引导的宾语从句,John asked Mary when she,would,return him the book.,直接引语,(,变化前,),间接引语,(,变化后,),祈使句,The officer said to him,“Dont leave your post.”,不定式,The officer ordered him,not to leave,his post.,直接引语,(,变化前,),间接引语,(,变化后,),Lets,开头的祈使句,I said to him,“Lets start at once.”,that,引导的宾语从句,I,suggested,to him that we(should)start at once.,直接引语,(,变化前,),间接引语,(,变化后,),感叹句,He said:“How happy I am!”,that/what/how,引导的宾语从句,He said that he,was,very happy.,He said how happy he,was,.,由直接引语转变为间接引语,有时会引时态的变化,注意以下几个方面,:,直接引语,(,变化前,),间接引语,(,变化后,),主句动词为一般现在时或现在完成时,She often says,“All men and women are equal under the law.”,从句动词时态不变,She often says that all men and women are equal under the law.,直接引语,(,变化前,),间接引语,(,变化后,),主句动词为一,般过去时,引导动词为,:,从句动词时态相应变化,从句动词变为,:,一般现在时,“,I,know,it,”he said.,一般过去时,He said that he,knew,it.,直接引语,(,变化前,),间接引语,(,变化后,),主句动词为一,般过去时,引导动词为,:,从句动词时态相应变化,从句动词变为,:,现在进行时,“,I,m,making coffee for you all,”she said.,过去进行时,She said she,was,making coffee for us all.,直接引语,(,变化前,),间接引语,(,变化后,),主句动词为一,般过去时,引导动词为,:,从句动词时态相应变化,从句动词变为,:,现在完成时,“,I,have seen,her before,”said he.,过去完成时,He said he,had seen,her before.,直接引语,(,变化前,),间接引语,(,变化后,),主句动词为一,般过去时,引导动词为,:,从句动词时态相应变化,从句动词变为,:,现在完成进行时,He said,“I,have been,doing,it for hours.”,过去完成进行时,He said he,had been,doing,it for hours.,直接引语,(,变化前,),间接引语,(,变化后,),主句动词为一,般过去时,引导动词为,:,从句动词时态相应变化,从句动词变为,:,一般过去时,“,I,saw,her last Monday,”he said.,过去完成时,He said he,had seen,her the previous Monday.,直接引语,(,变化前,),间接引语,(,变化后,),主句动词为一,般过去时,引导动词为,:,从句动词时态相应变化,从句动词变为,:,过去进行时,“,I,was waiting,for Jim,”she said.,过去完成进行时,She said,she had been waiting,for Jim.,直接引语,(,变化前,),间接引语,(,变化后,),主句动词为一,般过去时,引导动词为,:,从句动词时态相应变化,从句动词变为,:,过去完成时,“,Do you know Rick,had been,ill in bed for many days till he died?”Jack asked.,过去完成时,Jack asked if I knew Rick,had been,ill in bed for many days till he died.,直接引语,(,变化前,),间接引语,(,变化后,),主句动词为一,般过去时,引导动词为,:,从句动词时态相应变化,从句动词变为,:,一般将来时,He said:“We,shall,start tomorrow.”,过去将来时,He said they,would,start the next day.,由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列情况时态不变,:,1.,不变的真理,The teacher said to the students,“Water freezes when the temperature falls below 0,.”,The teacher told the students that water freezes when the temperature falls below 0,.,2.,经常的习惯：,He said to the doctor,“I smoke two packs every day.”,He told the doctor that he smokes two packs every day.,3.,历史事件：,The teacher said,“World War ended in 1945.”,The teacher said that World War ended in 1945.,4.,部分情态动词,如,must,ought to,used to,had better,等：,She said to me:“You must hurry up.”,She said that I must hurry up.,由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列代词、形容词、副词、动词等可能要变化,直接引语,间接引语,this,these,now,ago,today,tomorrow,that/this,those/these,then,before,that day/today/yesterday,(the)next day,直接引语,间接引语,the day after tomorrow,yesterday,last night,the day before yesterday,go,bring,here,in two days time,the day before,the night before,two days before,come/go,bring/take,there/here,“,Im going to hide from the Germans.Will we hide away for long?I find it necessary to have a friend.”Anne said.“Why do you choose your diary?”her father asked.“I want my diary to be my best friend,and I shall call my friend Kitty.”she answered.,Use the following to help you:,1.said/asked/wrote/wondered/wanted to know.,2.,and/but/so.,1.Jack said to me,“You look worried today.”,Jack told me that _ worried _.A.he lookstoday B.you looktoday C.we lookedthat day D.I lookedthat day,Exercises,2.We said to her,“Theyre walking through the street now.”,We told her that _ through the street _.A.we were walkingthen B.you are walkingnow C.they were walkingthen D.they walkingnow,3.,Mr,Black said,“I have walked a long way this week.”,Mr,Black said that _ a long way _.A.I had walkedlast week B.he had walkedthat week C.I walkedlast week D.he has walkedthis week,4.The man thought,“I shall take it back tomorrow.”,The man thought that _ take it back _.A.I shalltomorrow B.I shallthe next day C.he shouldtomorrow D.he would the next day,5.They said to us,“Are you afraid to leave this house?”,They asked us _ afraid to leave _ house.A.that were wethis B.that we werethat C.if were we this D.if we werethat,6.Jane said,“What did he hear about a week ago?”,Jane asked _ about _.A.that he hearda week ago B.what he had heardthe week before C.what he had herd a week ago D.if he heardthe week ago,7.She asked,“Whose house will he break into next time?”,She asked whose house _ break into _.A.will henext time B.would hethe next time C.he wouldthe next