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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,专题六 动词和动词短语,一、动词分类一览表,分类,功能及构成,例词,例句,备注,实义动词,及物动词宾语,give,tell,send,etc.,He gave me a present.,实义动词又可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词,不及物动词后不加宾语,work,swim,arrive,etc.,He arrived late.,系,动,词,本身有词义，不能单独用作谓语，必须跟表语构成系表结构,状态类,be,remain,keep,stay,continue,stand,sit,lie,prove,turn out,work out,seem,appear,He is a teacher.,He always kept silent at meeting.,The plan turned out a success.,He seems(to be)very sad.,The search proved difficult.,感觉类,feel,smell,sound,taste,look,This kind of cloth feels very soft.,This flower smells very sweet.,大部分的表示变化类的系动词有进行时态，但所有的系动词都没有被动结构,变化类,become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run,make,The fish went bad.,He became a doctor two years ago.,She grew rich within a short time.,助动词,本身没有词义，用以帮,助构成时态、语态、否定,句、疑问句、倒装句等结,构。不可单,独使用，须,与动词原形,或分词构成,复合谓语,be,have,do,shall,和,will,的,各种形式,He doesnt like English.,He did know that.,I have bought a car.,Do you like college life?,Never will I come back,情态动词,无人称和数的变化。表示说话人的情感、态度、语气、命令、推测等。必须和动词原形连用构成谓语,(ought,除外,),can(could),may(might),shall(should),will(would),must,need,dare,We cant carry the heavy box.,He may come tomorrow.,We must study hard.,详见语法专题之情态动词和虚拟语气,二、动词短语,动词短语是指动词和介词、副词或名词的习惯搭配。有关动词短语的测试点主要涉及结构上选用恰当的搭配词，不同搭配含意上的辨异及不同短语的辨异。,动词短语构成一览表：,构成,例词,例句,动词,+,副词,turn up,turn off,etc.,Harry turned up after the party when everyone had left.,Please turn every light in the house off.,动词介词,agree with,etc.,I agree with you on that point.,动词,+,副词介词,look forward to,etc.,I look forward to seeing you soon.,动词,+,名词介词,make use of,etc.,You should make full use of your time.,动词,+,名词,take place,etc.,Great changes are taking place in our life.,动词和动词短语是历年高考单项填空考查的核心。设题时往往都是给出四个不同的动词或动词短语来考查考生在具体语境中对其的理解和实际运用能力。,【,考点一,】,考查助动词的用法,助动词有,be(am,is,are,was,were,been),have(has,had),do(does,did),will(would),shall(should),。它们本身没有词义，只和实义动词的一定形式构成复合谓语，用来表示时态和语态，构成否定、疑问及加强语气等。,（,1,）助动词,be(am,is,are,were,been),的用法,结构,用法,例句,be+,现在分词,构成进行时态,They are having a meeting.,be+,过去分词,构成被动语态,The window was broken by Tom.,be to do sth.,表示计划、安排或命令,He is to go to New York next week.,be going to do sth.,表示计划或有迹象表明将要发生某事,Look at the dark clouds.Its going to rain.,（,2,）助动词,have(has,had),的用法,结构,用法,例句,have+,过去分词,构成完成时态,He has left for London.,Have you seen the film?,He had left for London before I came.,have been+,现在分词,构成完成进行时态,What have you been doing these days?,（,3,）助动词,do(does,did),的用法,结构,用法,例句,do+,主语,+,动词原形,构成一般疑问句,Did you study German?,do not+,动词原形,构成实义动词的否定形式,I do not want to be criticized.,do+,动词原形,用于祈使句或陈述句中加强语气,He did buy a new car yesterday.,Do do some work.,代替前面刚出现的动词以避免重复,My mother told me to go to bed early.So I did.,【,考点二,】,常考的变化类系动词辨析,系动词,用法,常用结构,例句,go,由好到坏或,由正常到不常的,变化“保持”,go bad,；,go,blind,；,go,mad;go,hungry,(unreported,unnoticed),The tire went flat.,He often went hungry in the past.,come,变成为（已,知,的状态）；,证实为,come true;,come right,Things will come right in the end.,His dream will come true sooner or later.,run,“,变成”,run short,；,run dry,The well has run dry.,turn,成为与以前完全不同的东西。,多接表示颜色或天气的形容词或不带冠词的名词。,The trees turn red in autumn.,He has turned writer.,fall,“,进入（某种状态）；成为”,fall asleep,；,fall ill,；,fall lame,；,fall silent,The old men,unable to express himself,fell silent.,get,“,变成，变得,起 来”。较口语化。强调“逐渐”。,后接形容词、分词、介词短语。,The days are getting longer and longer.,become,“,成为”，普通用,语，多表示过,去完成的事。,become+a(n)+,名词,She has become a lawyer.,He became angry with me.,grow,“,渐渐变得,起来；长得”，强调其变化过程。,常可接表示天气的形容词。,It,s growing warm.,appear,“,显得，好像”，,常用于正式文,体中。指给他,人的表面印象，,有时含有实质,上并非如此之意。,appear to be/adj./n./prep.,appear to do;,It appears that.;,appear as if/,though,He appeared to be talking to himself.,It appears that they are right.,The river appeared as if enveloped in smog.,seem,“,似乎，好像”。指说话人内心的估计与判断，有一定依据，接近于实际情况。,seem to be/adj./n./prep.,seem to do,；,It seems that.;,seems as if/though,The young man seemed to have changed much.,It seems that she is happy.,She seemed as if she couldnt understand why Laura was there,.,look,“,好像，看起来”，一,般用于非正式场合。,侧重由视觉得到的印,象。,look+adj./n./prep.,look like;,look as if/though,She looks like her mother.,It looks as if we are going to have snow.,【,考点三,】,考查主动形式表被动意义的用法,（,1,）,need,want,require(,要求，需要,),deserve(,应得，值得,),be worth(,值得,),，后面接,doing,主动形式表被动意义。,The book is worth reading.,These young seedlings will require/need looking after(=need to be looked after)carefully.,Your hair wants/needs cutting(needs to be cut).,（,2,）不定式作定语，放在被修饰词后面，与前面被修饰的名词或代词有动宾关系，又在句子中与另一名词或代词有主谓关系，不定式要用主动表被动含义。,I have much work to do.,（与,work,有动宾关系，与,I,有主谓关系）,比较：,I have a letter to be typed.,（,3,）不定式作表语和宾语补足语的形容词时,(,主语,+,系动词,+,形容词,+,不定式,),，如果形容词是表示难易、利弊等含义时,(difficult,easy,comfortable,convenient,hard,cheap,expensive,etc.),，不定式用主动表被动。,The question is difficult to answer.,The work is easy to do.(=Its easy to do the work.),（,4,）有些动词,(,短语,),只有主动形式，常视为主动表被动。,take place,happen,break out,等。,A big fire happened/took place/broke out last night.,一些动词,如,:sell(,销售,),wash(,洗,),clean(,打扫,),burn(,燃烧,),cook(,煮,),write(,写,),等与副词,如,:well(,好,),easily(,容易地,),perfectly(,十分地,),等连用，描绘事物的特性，用主动表被动，结构是：主语,+,动词,+,副词。,T
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