英语语法中的不定代词

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,英语语法精讲,代词(反身代词，相互代词和不定代词）,制作人:汪红娥,讲 课:汪红娥,代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。代词在英语中的使用是很频繁的，这是因为在英语语言习惯中，第二次提到一些名词时，一般用代词代替这些名词。英语中的代词，按其意义，特征以及在句子中的作用可分为人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、关系代词和不定代词。,反身代词表示“我自己”“你自己”“他自己”“我们自己”“你们自己”“他们自己”等到的代词也叫做自身代词。,数,人称,单 数,复 数,第一人称,myself,ourselves,第二人称,yourself,yourselves,第三人称,himself,herself,itself,themselves,反身代词的种类：,第一、第二人称是：形容词性所有格,+self,（或,selves,）,myself yourself ourselves yourselves,第三人称是：人称代词的宾格形式,+self,（或,selves,）,himself herself itself themselves,反身代词的基本用法,1,、主要用于提任同位语以加强语气，在句中的位置较灵活,I cooked it myself.=I myself cooked it.,我自己做的饭。,I spoke to the chairman himself.,我对主席本人讲。,2,、做宾语,反身代词做宾语表示动作返回到动作执行者本身，即主语和宾语是指同一个或同一些人或物。,Mary saw herself in the mirror.,玛丽在镜子中看见了她自己。,试比较下面的一句话,Mary saw her in the mirror.,玛丽在镜子中看见了她。（指看到了另外一个人）,Einstein taught himself advanced maths.,爱因斯坦学了（自己教自己）高等数学。,3,、做表语,He is not quite himself.,他今天情绪有点反常。,4,、介词,+,反自代词,I went to the post office by myself.,我一个人去邮局。,相互代词表示相互关系的代词，有,each other,和,one another,两组，但在运用中，这两组词没有区。,相互代词的形式,相互代词的用法：,1,、相互代词做宾语,They help each other/one another.,他们相互帮助。,We study in the same school and often see each other.,我们在同一所学校学习，彼此经常见面。,Dont talk to each other /one another.,不要互相说话。,Tom and Paul are kicking to each other.,汤姆和保罗正在互相传球。,They are fond of one another .,他们彼此都很喜欢对方。,Do you often write to each other?,你们常通信吗？,They dont see each other now.,他们现在不常见面了。,2,、所有格做定语,We should point out each others shortcoming.,我们应该指出彼此的缺点。,They know each others favoourite(s).,他们彼此了解对方的爱好。,通格（主格和宾格）,each other,one another,所有格,each others,one anothers,不定代词,不指明代替哪个特定名词的代词叫不定代词。,常见的不定代词有,all,both,each,every,some,any,many,much,(a)few,(a)little,one,ones,either,neither,other,another,no,none,以及含有,some-,any-,no-,等的合成代词（如：,something,anybody,nobody,）这些不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词，在句中做,主语、宾语、表语和定语,。,但,none,和由,(some-,any-,no-,every-)+(thing,body,one),构成的复合不定代词（如,somebody,等）只能做,主语、宾语或表语,。,every,和,no,只能做,定语,（这些词做定语时，有些语法书称之为形容词）。,不定代词用法的详细分解：,One,的用法,1,、一般是指人或物，在句中可做主语、宾语和定语。,One,should try ones best to serve the people.,（指人）,一个人应该尽最在努力为人民服务。,A:-Look at that boy!,看那个男孩！,B:Which,one,?,哪一个？,A:-The,one,wearing a blue sweater.,穿蓝色毛衣的那个。,Which boxes are bigger,these,ones,or those,ones,?,哪些盒子更大一些，这些还是那些？（指物）,Ive been looking for an umbrella,but I cant find,one,.,我一直想找把伞，可是找不到。,One,should not praise,oneself,.,人不应炫耀自己。,One/ones,可用来代替前面出现过的可数名词，以避免重复。,A:Do you have a computer?,你有一台电脑吗？,B:Yes,I have one.,是的，我有一台。,This room is dirty,please show me another one.,这个房间不干净，请给我看另外一间。,I like small cars better than large ones.,我喜欢小轿车胜过大轿车。,One,的前面还可用,the,this,that,which,等词来修饰，同时，,One/ones,还可以用形容词来修饰。,There are three pens in the box,which one is yours,this one or that one or the one ine the pencil box?,I have an old bike,but he has a new one.,The pencil is blue.Will you please give me a red one?,These pencils are blue.Will you please pass me some red ones?,Some,any,及其合成词的用法,Some,any,可与单数、复数名词和不可数名词连用。,Some,一般用于肯定句中，而不能用于疑问句中，,any,一般用于否定句、疑问句和条件中。其合成词的用法与,some,，,any,一样。,I have some science books.I havent any money.,I have something important to tell you.,There isnt anything wrong.,Some,any,的特殊用法,1,、在疑问句中，一般不用,some,，只有当问句表示一种邀请、请求，或期待一个肯定的回答时才能用,some,。,Will you have,some,tea?,（你喝茶吗？）（表邀请）,Would you like,some,more tea?,（你们还要茶吗？,Havent you forgotten,something,?,（你难道没忘记什么事吗？（问者肯定知道被问者忘了什么东西，所以有了,something,）,Did,somebody,call me this morning?,（今天上午有人给我打电话吗？）（表示可能已约好，问者确定应该有人打过电话来找）,2,、在否定句中，,some,表示半否定，,any,表示全否定。,I dont know,some,of you.,（我只认识你们中的一些人）,表示我不全认识你们,I dont know,any,of you.,（你们，我一个也不认识。）,表示我全不认识你们,3,、,Some,用于单数可数名词前时，表示“某个”，而不是“一些”。,This morning,some,boy,asked for you.,今天上午，有个男孩要求见你。,There must be,some,reason,for what he has done.,他干了这些事，肯定有某种原因。,He was reading when suddenly,someone,knocked at the door.,他正在看书，突然有人敲门。,no,及其合成词的用法,no,后面可以跟可数名词（单、复数均可）和不可数名词，表示否定，相当于“,not+any,或者”,not,）等,There are,no,books,one the desk.=There is,no,book,on the desk.,=There are,nt any,books on the desk.=There is,nt,a,book on the desk.,There is,no,water in it.=There is,nt,any,water in it.,none,的用法,与,no,不同的是，,none,后面不能直接跟名词，它可以单独使用（主要用在回答,How many,或,How much,问题之后，）还常常和,of,连用；,none,既可指人也可指物，可指单数和复数。,No one,相当于,nobody,，只能指人。,A:How much bread is there?A:How many students went there?,B:,None,=No bread.B:,None of,the students went there,A:Who do you like?B:,No one,/,None.,.,another,other,的用法,数,种类,单 数,复 数,泛指,another,=an other,other boys,others,特指,the other boys,=the rest boys,the other boys,the others,=the rest,功能,做主语、宾语，定语,做定语,做主语、宾语,词组,one.the other,someother+n,some.the others,another,的用法,anoeher=an other,，别的，另一个，泛指众多中的一个，一般后面接单数名词，前面不能加冠词。,This book is too difficult for me to read.Will you please give me,another,one(=another book)instead?,（这本书对我而言读起来太难了，可以给我另一本吗？）（是指许多书中的一本，做定语）,I dont like this one.Show me,another,.,（我不喜欢这个，给我看看另一个好吗？）,做宾语。,He got three books:one is a dictionary,another,is a play,the third is a grammar.,（他买了三本书，一本是字典，另一本是剧本，还有一本是语法书）做主语。,(the)other,的用法,other,前有定冠词,the,时，表示两个中的一个，常与,one,连用，即“,onethe other”,The other,与,another,的比较,another,是许多中的另外一个。,the oth