分析工具总汇

Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,_ _ _ _,Analytical Toolbox,Creating an Environmentally Aware Organization,Environmental Scanning,External Analysis,Internal Analysis,Macroenvironment,(general environment),Microenvironment,(industry environment),P.E.S.T.,Environmental Scanning,Porters Five Forces,General,Environment,General,Environment,General,Environment,Economic,Political/Legal,Technological,Global,Demographic,Sociocultural,Analyze the External Environment,Industry,Environment,New entrants,Suppliers,Customers,Competitors,Substitutes,P.E.S.T.Analysis,Political Segment,Include government regulations and legal issues,Tax policy,Employment laws,Freedom of press,level of corruption,Regulation/Deregulation,Environmental protection laws,Foreign trade regulations,Legislation on corporate governance reforms,Political Factors,Economic Segment,Affect the purchasing power of potential customers and the firms cost of capital,Economic growth,Business cycles,GNP trends,Interest rates;exchange rates,Inflation/deflation rates,Unemployment,Disposable income,Consumer Price index,Changes in stock market valuation,Economic factors,Sociocultural Segment,Affect customer needs and the size of potential markets,Population demographics(e.g.aging profile),Lifestyle choices(e.g.health consciousness),Consumerism,Population growth rate,Attitudes toward work and leisure,Socio-cultural,factors,Technological Segment,Can lower barriers to entry,enhance efficiency,influence outsourcing decisions.,Impact of emerging technologies which lead to new products/services(e.g.traditional TV HDTV),Impact of Internet(e.g.reduced communication costs),R&D activity,Rates of obsolescence,Technological,factors,Assess Industry Conditions,Sometimes called the industry structure analysis,Or,M.Porters five forces model,A standard tool for assessing the microenvironment,It is used to analyze the attractiveness,of an,Industry,Competitive Environment,Porters Five Forces Model of Industry Analysis,Threat of,new entrants,Bargaining power of buyers,Bargaining power of suppliers,Threat of,Substitute products and services,Porters Five Forces Model of Industry Analysis,Rivalry Among Competitors,Usually the,strongest,of the five forces,Key,factor,in determining,strength of rivalry,How aggressively are rivals using various,weapons of competition,to improve their market positions and performance?,Rivalry,is,stronger,when:,Slow industry growth,Numerous or equally balanced competitors concentration and balance,(firms have similar market share which leads to a struggle for market leadership),Lack of differentiation,Low switching costs,(a customer can freely switch from one product to another,there is a great struggle for company to retain customers),Switching costs,Prevent customers from switching,firms provide incentive for customers not to switch e.g.for most airlines,they offer frequent flyer bonuses and other rewards for loyalty.,Emphasize on“relationship”rather than“transactions”e.g.banking,consulting,legal services.,Emphasize on“uniqueness”of product,Rivalry,is,stronger,when:,High fixed costs,(must produce near capacity to attain the lowest unit costs),Overcapacity status,Strong rivals outside the industry,acquire,weak firms to transform them into major contenders,High exit barriers,(cause a firm to remain in an industry,even when the venture is not profitable),The Threat of New Entrants,Profits of established firms in the industry may be eroded by new competitors,Barriers to entry,Economies of scale,Product differentiation,Capital requirements,(high cost of entry),High switching costs,Access to distribution channels,Cost disadvantages independent of scale,(,e.g.personal contacts or knowledge that larger companies do not own),A buyer group is powerful when,There are,a few,large players,in a market,(e.g.the large grocery chains),Large number of undifferentiated,small suppliers,(e.g.small farming businesses supplying the large grocery chains),The cost of switching suppliers is low,The buyers pose a credible threat of,backward integration,(integrate upstream to purchase the providers of the goods),The Bargaining Power of Buyers,Buyers threaten an industry,Force down prices,(especially price sensitive purchasers/customers),Bargain for higher quality or more services,Play competitors against each other,(,like a sport game),A supplier will be powerful when:,Where the switching costs are high,(e.g.switching from one software supplier to another),Customers are fragmented so that they have little bargaining power,(,e.g.gas stations in remote places),The suppliers products are differentiated or a strong brand,(e.g.Google),The supplier poses a credible threat of,forward integration,(integrate downstream by purchasing or controlling the distribution channels e.g.brewers buying pubs),A supplier will be powerful when:,The supplier is concentrated(dominated by a few companies e.g.DeBeers high control o