Oncology introduction

上传人:cel****303 文档编号:243702399 上传时间:2024-09-29 格式:PPTX 页数:29 大小:2.07MB
返回 下载 相关 举报
Oncology introduction_第1页
第1页 / 共29页
Oncology introduction_第2页
第2页 / 共29页
Oncology introduction_第3页
第3页 / 共29页
点击查看更多>>
资源描述
Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Oncology: Basic Concepts,Students Study Guide,What is ONCOLOGY?,An area/branch of medicine that deals with the study and treatment of cancer.,Onco = onkos (Greek) = tumor,-logy = study of,ONCOLOGIST = specialist in Oncology,What is CANCER?,It refers to a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells (American Cancer Society ACS).,1.They stop growing when they come in contact with each other.,2. They stay in the same organ.,Normal cell behavior,CANCER CELLS,Cancer cells keeps on dividing and growing.,They produce masses of tissue known as tumors or neoplasms.,(Uncontrolled growth),Finally, they also spread to other organs (metastasis),NEOPLASIA:,The process of abnormal and uncontrolled growth of cells,(NEOPLASTIC = adj),EXAMPLES OF CANCER,breast cancer,prostate,cancer,lung,cancer,esophageal,cancer,gastric cancer,colorectal,cancer,WHAT CAUSES CANCER?,CARCINOGEN (CARCINOGENIC - Adj),a substance or agent that causes cancer,HOW?,By causing,PERMANENT and,IRREPARABLE,(cannot be repaired),damage in the,genetic material.,GENETIC MUTATION,(mutation = change),a,CAUSES OF,CANCER,internal/,intrinsic,(host factors),external/,extrinsic,factors,1.BIOLOGIC - Viruses,(HIV Kaposis Sarcoma),2.BIOCHEMICAL,PROCESS,non-biologic,Chemical,Fd preservatives,Smoking,PHYSICAL,Radiation,1. ONCOGENES,2. DEFECTIVE,SUPPRESSOR GENES,3. Precancerous,Conditions,ONCOGENES genes that can,cause cancer,SUPPRESSOR GENES,- genes that can stop cancer,CANCER CELLS,1. May be repaired,2. Cell dies,3. Cell is killed,If not,PERMANENT,continue to grow,invade other tissues,or organs,then,TYPES OF TUMORS,Benign,Malignant (cancer or malignancy),1,1,2,2,3. have a capsule,(encapsulated),3. no capsule,(thats why they spread),4. cells are anaplastic,(immature),anaplasia has not undergone G & D,4. cells are usually,diffentiated (mature),differentiation G & D,Types of Malignant Tumors/ Cancer,CARCINOMA,CELLS THAT COVER EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL SURFACES,(EPITHELIAL CELLS),LUNG,BREAST,COLON,SARCOMA,SUPPORTING AND SOFT TISSUES OF THE BODY,BONE, CARTILAGE,MUSCLE,FAT,LYPHOMA,SOLID CANCERS OF THE TISSUES OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM,(DEFENSE SYSTEM),LYMPH NODES,(,淋巴腺,),LEUKEMIA,CANCER OF THE BLOOD CELLS,WHITE BLOOD CELLS,NAMING TUMORS,ORGAN AFFECTED,BENIGN,MALIGNANT,Add the suffix,-OMA,Depends on the classification,Secretory epithelium (gland),ADENOMA,ADENOCARCINOMA,BONE,SKELETAL MUSCLE,SMOOTH MUSCLE,OSTEOMA,RHABDOMYOMA,LEIOMYOMA,OSTEOGENIC SARCOMA,RHABDOMYOSARCOMA,LEIOMYOSARCOMA,LYMPH NODES,HODGKINS LYMPHOMA,BLOOD GRANULAR,NONGRANULAR,- MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA,- LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA,EFFECTS OF TUMORS/CANCER,EFFECTS OF BENIGN TUMOR,Compression,Obstruction,Deformity,They do not spread.,Effects are usually not fatal.,cystic hygroma,Effects Of Malignant Tumors (1),Physical effects,Compression,Obstruction,Deformity,Effects Of Malignant Tumors (2),poor nutrition,(cancer cells steal the,nutrients from the body),wasting (cachexia),gets sick easily,Effects Of Malignant Tumors (3),Damage to other organs,Different symptoms,will appear depending,on the organ affected.,hematogenous,(blood),lymphatic,(lymph nodes),Malignant tumors are usually fatal .,DETECTING TUMORS,WAYS TO DETECT,TUMORS,SIGNS AND,SYMPTOMS,LABORATORY,METHODS,Cancers Seven Warning Signals (ACS),C,Change in bowel or bladder habits,A,A sore that does not heal,U,Unusual bleeding or discharge,T,Thickening or lump in the breast or,elsewhere,I,Indigestion or difficulty in swallowing,O,Obvious change in a wart or mole,N,Nagging cough or hoarseness,Note: highly unspecific, diagnosis of a benign tumor is more probable,EXAMPLES OF HOW TO DETECT TUMORS BY PHYSICAL EXAMINATION,Breast Exam,Digital Rectal Exam,LABORATORY PROCEDURES,X -ray,computed,tomography,(CT scan),ultrasound,Imaging studies,magnetic,resonance,imaging (MRI),VISUALIZATION PROCEDURES,colon cancer,bronchial/lung cancer,scopy endoscopic exam,scope instrument used,Biochemical Studies,Some tumors release,substances (enzymes),Into body fluids,(blood, urine).,Doctors determine the level,of these substances to,detect tumors/cancer.,prostate specific antigen,(prostate cancer),Biopsy and Histopathologic Examination,NOTE: A BIOSY with HISTOPATHOLOGIC STUDIES,is the gold standard for diagnosing cancer/tumors.,(Gold standard = the best or no. 1),(determines the GRADE and the TYPE of the tumor/cancer),Histopathologic exam,Tissue sampling,GRADING OF TUMORS,GRADE how mature the cells are,DIFFERENTATION growth and development of the cells,Differentiated (mature),good prognosis,undifferentiated or,anaplastic (immature),bad prognosis,Gleasons criteria is used to grade prostate cancer.,STAGING OF TUMORS,STAGE tells us how far the tumor has grown and spread,TNM Classification,T TUMOR growth,N involvement of,lymph nodes,M metastasis,Subscripts:,IS in situ (in its place),1 -4 = growth,or involvement,T,1,NoMo,T,4,N,2,M,1,TREATMENT FOR CANCER,Radiotherapy,Chemotherapy,Surgery,Multimodality,(Multi many),(modes methods / ways),Hospice Care,- end of life care for the terminally ill,There is a famous epitaph from an unknown doctors tombstone,which stands beside the Salanake Lake In the northeast of New York:,To Cure Sometimes,To Relieve Often,To Comfort Always.,This is the true meaning of cancer therapy.,THANK YOU!,
展开阅读全文
相关资源
正为您匹配相似的精品文档
相关搜索

最新文档


当前位置:首页 > 压缩资料 > 基础医学


copyright@ 2023-2025  zhuangpeitu.com 装配图网版权所有   联系电话:18123376007

备案号:ICP2024067431-1 川公网安备51140202000466号


本站为文档C2C交易模式,即用户上传的文档直接被用户下载,本站只是中间服务平台,本站所有文档下载所得的收益归上传人(含作者)所有。装配图网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对上载内容本身不做任何修改或编辑。若文档所含内容侵犯了您的版权或隐私,请立即通知装配图网,我们立即给予删除!