桃花源记2018教案

,成语“世外桃源”也许众所周知，因为它描写的是一个没有剥削，没有压迫、没有战争；人人平等、人人富足、人人向往的美好地方。它出自我国田园诗派创始人陶渊明的,桃花源记,。,了解作者及背景，积累常用文言词语，注意古今异义现象。,(,重点,),理清文章的叙事线索，分析文章虚实结合、详略得当的写法。,(,难点,),感受桃花源幽美的环境、淳朴的人情，认识作者追求理想社会的思想感情。,(,重点,),陶渊明,又,名潜,，,字元亮,，世称,靖节先生,，因宅边曾有五棵柳树，又自号“,五柳先生”，东晋诗人。被称为“田园诗人”,。,作品有,归园田居,桃花源记,饮酒,五柳先生传,归去来兮辞,等。,本文约作于南朝宋永初二年（,421,），陶渊明时年,57,岁。当时正处于东晋末期，战乱纷呈，生灵涂炭，陶渊明不满黑暗的政治现实，隐居农村已十余年，对农村的现实有更深的了解，对人民的愿望更有切身体会，于是虚构出一个与污浊的黑暗社会相对立的美好世界，以寄托自己的政治理想与美好情趣。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,自由朗读课文，理清课文层次。,第一部分,（,1,）,：,写渔人发现桃花林的经过。,第二部分,（,2,、,3,）,：,写渔人进入桃花源的见闻和感受。,第三部分,（,4,、,5,）,：,写渔人离开以及太守等人先后探访桃花源未果的情形。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,遂,（ ）,邑,人（ ）,间隔,（ ）,语,云（ ）,俨,然（ ）,阡陌,（ ）,垂,髫,（ ）,刘子,骥,（ ）,诣,（,）,舍,船（ ）,屋,舍,（ ）,怡,然（ ）,豁,然开朗（ ） 便,要,还家（ ）,su,y,jin ,y,yn,qin m,tio,j,y,sh,sh,y,hu,yo,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,桃花源记,晋,太元,中，,武陵,人捕鱼,为业,。,缘,溪行，忘路之,远近,。忽,逢,桃花林，,夹岸,数百步，中无杂树，芳草鲜美，,落英缤纷,。渔人甚,异之,。,复,前行，欲,穷,其林。,东晋孝武帝的年号（,376396,）,郡名，今湖南省常德市一带。,顺着，沿着,遇到，碰见,在溪水的两岸,落花。一说，初开的花。,繁多的样子,对见到的景象感到诧异。异，惊异，诧异。这里是对,感到诧异。之，指见到的景象。,再,尽,作为职业,偏义副词，仅指远,林尽水源,，便得一山，山有小口，,仿佛若,有光。便,舍,船，从口入。初极狭，,才通人,。复行数十步，,豁然开朗,。土地平,旷,，屋舍,俨然,，有良田、美池、桑竹之,属,。,阡陌交通,，,鸡犬相闻,。其中往来种作，男女衣着，悉如,外人,。,黄发垂髫,，并,怡然,自乐。,林尽于水源，意思是桃林在溪水发源的地方就到头了。,好像,似的,仅容一个人通过,形容由狭窄幽暗突然变得开阔敞亮。,空而宽阔,整齐的样子,田间小路交错相通。阡陌，田间小路。,（村落间）能互相听见鸡鸣狗叫的声音。相闻，可以互相听到,桃花源以外的世人,指老人和小孩,隐隐约约，形容看不真切。,舍弃，放下,类,高兴的样子,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,见渔人，,乃大惊,，问所从来。,具,答之。便,要,还家，,设,酒杀鸡作食。村中闻有此人，,咸,来,问讯,。自云先世避秦时乱，率,妻子,邑人来此,绝境,，不复出,焉,，遂与外人,间隔,。,桃源人对渔人的到来十分惊异。乃，于是，就。,同,“,邀”，邀请,副词，全、都,指妻子儿女,与人世隔绝的地方,兼词，这里相当于“于之”，即“从这里”。,摆设,打听消息,隔绝，不通音讯,详细,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,问今是何世，乃不知有汉，,无论,魏晋。此人一一,为具言,所闻，皆叹惋。余人各复,延,至其家，皆出酒食。停数日，辞去。此中人,语云,：“,不足为,外人道也”。,不要说，更不必说,向（桃花源中人）详细地说出。,邀请,告诉（渔人）说。,“,语”后省略“之”，代渔人。,不值得，不必。,介词，对，向,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,既出，得其船，,便扶向路,，处处,志,之。及郡下，,诣,太守，说如此。太守即遣人随其往，,寻向所志,，,遂,迷，不复得路。,南阳,刘子骥,，高尚士也，闻之，欣然,规,往。,未果,，,寻,病终。后遂无,问津,者。,就顺着旧路（回去）。扶，沿着、顺着。向，先前的。,做记号。,拜访。,寻找以前所做的标记,晋书,隐逸传,里说他“好游山泽”。,打算，计划,没有实现,随即，不久,问路。这里是“访求、探求”的意思。津，渡口。,终于,古今异义,芳草,鲜美,（ ）,复行数十步，豁然,开朗,（ ）,阡陌,交通,（ ）,率,妻子,邑人（ ）,古义：鲜艳美好,今义：（菜肴、瓜果等）滋味好,古义：宽阔明亮,今义：乐观，畅快，不阴郁低沉,古义：交错相通 今义：运输事业,古义：妻子和儿女 今义：指男子的配偶,来此,绝境,（ ）,乃不知有汉，,无论,魏晋（ ）,不足,为外人道也（ ）,古义：与人世隔绝的地方,今义：没有出路的境地,古义：不要说，更不必说,今义：表条件关系的连词,古义：不值得，不必,今义：不充足；不满（某个数目）,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,一词多义,舍,志,便,舍,船，从口入（ ）,屋,舍,俨然（ ）,处处,志,之（ ）,寻向所,志,（ ）,动词，舍弃，丢下,名词，房屋,动词，做记号,名词，标记,寻,寻,向所志（ ）,寻,病终（ ）,动词，寻找,副词，随即，不久,其,复前行，欲穷,其,林（ ）,既出，得,其,船（ ）,指示代词，那,人称代词，他的,为,武陵人捕鱼,为,业（ ）,不足,为,外人道也（ ）,动词，作为,介词，对，向,词类活用,渔人甚,异,之（,）,复,前,行（ ）,欲,穷,其林（ ）,处处,志,之（ ）,未,果,，寻病终（ ）,形容词做动词，对,感到诧异,方位名词做状语，向前,形容词做动词，穷尽，走到头,名词做动词，做记号,名词做动词，实现,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,文言句式,判断句：,南阳刘子骥，高尚士也（,“,也”，表判断,）,省略句：,便舍船，从口入（,“便”的前面省略主语“渔人”,）,便要还家（,“要”的后面省略宾语“渔人”,）,此人一一为具言所闻（,“为”的后面省略宾语“之”，指代桃花源中人,）,倒装句：,问所从来（,“所从”是介宾短语“从所”的倒装,）,1.,课文以 为线索，以 为顺序，依次记叙了 桃花源， 桃花源， 桃花源， 桃花源的情形。,渔人进出桃花源,时间先后,发现,进入,离开,再寻,2.,文中描写桃花林，美丽景色句子：,夹岸数百步，中无杂树，芳草鲜美，落英缤纷。,3.,第一段中描绘桃花林美景作用：,渲染桃花源神秘气氛，设置悬念；暗示将会出现奇境；为下文写美好的世外桃源做铺垫。,4.,文中描写桃花源美好的自然环境的句子是：,土地平旷，屋舍俨然，有良田，美池，桑竹之属。,5.,（,1,）文中体现桃花源生活情景句子：,其中往来种作，男女衣着，悉如外人。黄发垂髫，并怡然自乐。,（,2,）社会环境安定平和：,阡陌交通，鸡犬相闻,6.,（,1,）描写老人和孩子生活幸福的句子：,黄发垂髫，并怡然自乐,（,2,）黄发垂髫，并怡然自乐：,展现出一幅和谐安宁，自得其乐的幸福生活图景。,7.,分析,“,阡陌交通，鸡犬相闻,”,一句没有写人，却处处见人：,表现出桃花源内井然有序，和睦安定的社会生活状态，表达了作者对理想生活的向往之情。,8.,为何,“,见渔人，乃大惊,”,：,桃花源人与世隔绝久远，对陌生人的到来感到很惊异。,9.“,便要还家，设酒杀鸡作食。,” “,村中闻有此人，咸来问讯,” “,余人各复延至其家，皆出酒食。,”,表现了桃源人民风淳朴，热情好客的社会风气。,10.,桃花源中的人为什么,“,不复出,”,：,说明了桃花源人安居乐业，也反映了他们饱受战乱之苦，对外界的战乱抱,“,厌而远之,”,的态度。,11.“,此人一一为具言所闻,”,中,“,具言,”,：,他说的是外界人们在改朝换代的战争浩劫中所遭受 的灾难及民不聊生，百姓流离失所的痛苦生活。,12.“,皆叹惋,”,为何叹惋？,因桃花源外世界动乱，黑暗，世事变迁，人事沧桑而叹惋。,桃花源外人因战乱没有过上安定和平的生活的同情叹惋。,为自己能免受苦难而庆幸。,13.,为何叮嘱,“,不足为外人道也,”,：,不希望外人破坏桃花源的宁静，祥和；暗示了桃花源中人不愿与世俗交往的心情，同时为渔人再寻,“,不复得路,”,埋下伏笔。,14.“,诣太守，说如此,”,中,“,如此,”,：,如此是代词，指上文所说。,渔人见太守的目的是告诉他武陵郡中有此,“,绝境,”,，希望他派人去探个究竟，因此他一定会谈到：,发现桃花源的经过。村中的生活情状及所见所闻。归途中做标记的事。,15.,为何要写,“,未果，寻病终,” “,处处志之，不复得路,”,：,强调桃花源只是一个虚构的,“,理想的境界,”,，在现实社会是不存在的。,16.,作者为何要虚构这样一个理想的世外桃源：,作者所描述的这一理想社会是对当时黑暗社会的批判，在客观上也反映了人民摆脱压迫，摆脱剥削的要求。表达了作者对和平，美好生活的向往，是作者的精神寄托和政治理想，也是广大劳动人民美好的愿望。,17.,作者笔下桃花源人生活的美好表现在哪里？,自然环境优美。社会安定和平。百姓生活和乐。,18.,你理想中的,“,桃源,”,与陶渊明的有什么不同？,我理想中的,“,桃源,”,除了自然环境美好，社会安定和谐，百姓生活和乐之外，还具有科技先进，经济快速发展，人与自然和谐相处，法制健全，每个公民都能分享到社会文明成果等特点。,19.,对联：,上联：望良田美池疑人间仙境,下联：,观黄发垂髫并怡然自乐,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,2.,作者是怎样描绘桃花林的美景的？有什么作用？,清清的水，夹岸的桃花林，纷飞的花瓣，野草芳香。简洁的语言写出了花色纯一，花多、花美的景色，突出了桃花林的奇异。,这里的景物描写带有神秘色彩，暗示将会出现奇境，为渔人进入桃花源渲染了气氛，也为桃花源的美好生活图景做铺垫。,1.“,仿佛”一词妙在哪里？,“仿佛”二字运用得既灵活又贴切，因为山口很小，自然光线不很明亮，用“仿佛”二字正可描绘出光线暗弱、洞口若明若暗显得很隐蔽的情状，更符合桃花源五六百年来未被人发现的情理。,【,第二部分,(2,、,3)】,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,2,.,从哪些词可以看出渔人进入桃花源的过程？表明了什么？,“林尽,得一山,山有小口,舍船,从口入,初,复行”写出了渔人进入桃花源的过程。表明了桃花源的曲折、隐蔽、幽深，与世隔绝，难以被发现。,3.,作者是怎样描绘桃花源的？有怎样的用意？,作者从自然景象和生活情景两方面描绘了欣欣向荣和平等的桃花源。自然景象：“土地平旷，屋舍俨然，有良田、美池、桑竹之属。阡陌交通，鸡犬相闻。”,生活情景：“其中往来种作，男女衣着，,悉如外人。黄发垂髫，并怡然自乐。”,作者所描绘的理想境界的生活图景，寄,托着作者的理想，这也是此文的核心。,4.,桃花源人为什么“叹惋”？,渔人讲完秦末以来的历史及当前社会状况，桃花源人为外面如此动乱、黑暗而叹惋，为桃花源外人一直过着痛苦的生活而叹惋，更叹惋先辈的明智，世事的变迁。,5.,“不足为外人道也”说明了什么？,说明了桃花源中的人并不愿与外界世俗中的人交往，和上文的“绝境”“间隔”，都为渔人后来“迷”而“不复得路”，桃花源不可寻的结局埋下伏笔。,1,.,“处处志之”说明了什么？与“寻向所志”，“遂迷，不复得路”是否矛盾？作者这样写用意何在？,“处处志之”，暗示渔人有返回之意，渔人违背了桃花源人“不足为外人道也”的叮嘱。与后文不矛盾。作者这样写，暗示“桃花源”是找不到的，安定和平、没有压迫的桃花源只不过是作者一个美好的社会理想罢了。,【,第三部分,(4,、,5)】,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,2,.,本文以渔人的行踪为线索，结尾写刘子骥是否多余？,这样写并不多余。结尾写刘子骥探访桃花源没有成功，是为了渲染桃花源的令人向往和不可寻觅，暗示在当时的社会条件下这样的社会理想是无法实现的。,学完本文，你会发现桃源美景是作者虚构的，作者为什么要虚构呢？说一说怎样理解“世外桃源”。,桃花源记,发现桃花源：捕鱼迷路，忽逢桃花林,进入桃花源,离开桃花源：便扶向路，处处志之,生活环境,景色优美,土地肥沃,再寻桃花源：不复得路，无问津者（虚幻）,社会风尚,风俗淳朴,和平安宁,以渔人行踪为线索,理想社会,本文以武陵渔人进出桃花源为线索，虚构了一个宁静祥和的世外桃源，描绘了一幅没有剥削、没有压迫，人人安居乐业、彼此和睦相处的生活图景，表达了作者对黑暗现实的不满和对和平生活的向往。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,1.,剪裁得体，详略得当。,课文第二、三段详写了桃花源中宁静的生活环境和淳朴的社会风尚，形象生动地描绘了一幅理想的社会画卷。例如对环境的描写，写到的事物就有土地、屋舍、良田、美池、桑竹、阡陌、鸡犬之声,等。再如对桃花源中人的描写，详写了他们对渔人的热情招待，特别是他们谈话的内容写得具体详细。文章第一、四、五段写得简略，因为是故事的开头、结尾，只和故事的传奇性有关。,2.,真假结合，虚实相生。,本文既具有浓烈的浪漫虚幻色彩，又有强烈真实的感人力量。这一方面是因为主题具有现实意义，另一方面是由于作者始终注意把虚构与写实结合起来。桃花源是“避秦时乱”的人们开辟的，一直延续到晋代，与世隔绝五六百年，这当然是不可能的。但“秦始皇式”的暴政在陶渊明生活的时代依然存在，东晋统治集团对人民的残酷压榨、刘裕篡权的,动乱都是活生生的现实。所以，读者能通过这离奇的构思，强烈地感受到主题的真实。同时，作者始终注意结合现实来虚构故事。如文章一开始就明确地向读者交代了事情发生的时间、地点及人物的身份职业，最后写南阳刘子骥向往这块乐土，欣然寻访，没有成功。作者之所以如此首尾呼应，意在使人确信，虚幻的桃花源是实有其地的胜境，从而增强了作品的艺术力量。,3.,悬念迭起，层次分明。,全文仅用,300,余字，却写出了一个情节完整的故事，而且写得曲折回环、悬念迭起、引人入胜。渔人“缘溪行、忘路之远近”，设下悬念：迷路了，会怎么样？“忽逢桃花林”，为之一喜，此为第一折。接着写桃林美景，“渔人甚异之。复前行，欲穷其林”，悬念又生：桃林走完了吗？桃林前面是什么地方？“林尽水源，便得一山，山有小口，仿,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,佛若有光”，又为之生疑，这是第二折。接着写渔人舍船而入的探险举动。“初极狭，才通人”又设下了悬念：里面有什么？能走得通吗？“复行数十步，豁然开朗”，又为之一惊，这是第三折。接着便具体描绘美好的世外桃源，介绍了桃花源的生活环境和社会风尚。渔人离开时，桃花源人嘱咐“不足为外人道也”，又设悬念：渔人,出去后对“外人”说了吗？“及郡下，诣太守，说如此”，这是第四折。“太守即遣人随其往，寻向所志”，悬念又起：找到桃花源了吗？“不复得路”，留下了更大的悬念，让人为之迷惑不解，这是第五折。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,不为五斗米折腰,陶渊明一生不图名利，不慕虚荣，就是特别喜欢喝酒，可是由于家贫，不能常常买酒喝。亲戚朋友知道了，时常请他喝酒。他一去，总是喝得酩酊大醉。陶渊明曾担任江州祭酒、彭泽令等小官职。彭泽县令，是他仕途生活中的最后一任官职。这在萧统的,陶渊明传,中叙述得最为详细。,陶渊明传,中说他由于生活所迫，不得不去当彭泽令。他一到任，就令部下种糯米，糯米可以作酒。所以他说：“我常常酒醉，就心满意足了！”他的妻子坚持要种大米。于是，将二顷五十亩田种糯米，五十亩田种大米。到了年底，郡官派督邮来见他，县吏就叫他穿好衣冠迎接。他叹息说：“我,岂能为五斗米向乡里小儿折腰！”意思是：我怎能为了县令的五斗薪俸，就低声下气向这些小人贿赂献殷勤。”说完就辞去官职，归隐田园。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,一 在读懂课文的基础上，简要讲述这个故事，并背诵全文。,课后习题,参考,答案,点拨：,答题方式要灵活，可以先熟读成诵再作复述，也可以经过熟读粗知课文大意后，先复述故事，最后练习背诵。,二,桃花林的景色和桃花源中的景象有所不同。默读课文前两段，想象其中的画面，说说这些画面给你的感受。,参考答案：,“,桃花林”是“桃花源”的外围环境，“芳草鲜美”，“落英缤纷”，色彩绚丽，景色优美。文中交代渔人只有走到了桃花林的尽头才能从一个容,下一人的洞口中进入“桃花源”。“桃花源”是桃源人生活的地方，是作者虚构的一个理想的世界，在这里环境优美，和平安定无战乱，人与人之间是平等的，和睦相处。这样写表现了作者追求美好生活的理想和对现实生活的不满。,三 本文笔法简洁而内涵丰富，试依据课文内容回答问题。,1.,此人一一为具言所闻，皆叹惋。,（渔人“具言”的是什么？桃花源中人为什么“叹惋”？）,“具言”的是外界的一些新鲜事物和外界战乱频繁的窘境。,“叹惋”的原因是桃源人多世事变迁、人间沧桑而慨叹，对外面老百姓的生活苦难深深的同情叹惋，反衬桃源人厌恶战争，追求没有压迫、没有剥削、和平幸福自由的生活。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,2.,诣太守，说如此。,（这句话中的“如此”包括哪些内容？如果把这些内容一一写出来，表达效果会有什么不同？）,“如此”包括如何发现桃花源、桃花林的景色、桃花源的景色、桃花源里的社会生活环境,本文主要写桃花源的美好，而不是世外的战乱；况且桃花源外的事情世人皆知，没有必要一一写出来。这样的安排给读者留足了想象和思考的余地。若作详述，不仅显得文字累赘，而且冲淡了文章的主题。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,四 解释下列加点的词。,1.,武陵人捕鱼为业,不足为外人道也,2.,便舍船，从口入,土地平旷，屋舍俨然,作为,对，向,舍弃，放下,房舍,3.,见渔人，乃大惊,乃不知有汉，无论魏晋,4.,寻向所志,未果，寻病终,于是，就,竟然，居然,寻找,随即，不久,五 古代汉语中有些词语在现代汉语中仍然使用，但是意思已经发生了变化。解释下列加点的词语，注意它们在句中的含义与现代汉语常用义的区别。,1.,芳草鲜美，落英缤纷。,古义：新鲜美好,今义：（瓜果、菜肴）滋味好,2.,阡陌交通，鸡犬相闻,古义：交错相通,今义：运输事业,3.,率妻子邑人来此绝境，不复出焉,古义：妻子及儿女,今义：指男子的配偶,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,4.,乃不知有汉，无论魏晋,古义：不要说，更不必说,今义：