九年级英语 主动语态和被动语态课件

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,What,is the Passive Voice?,中考说明,掌握一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时及带有may, can, must 等情态动词的被动语态的构成和用法。,孩子们喜欢这些歌曲。,Children love these songs,简照看这只猫。,Jane looks after the cat.,这些歌曲受到孩子们的喜爱。,These songs are loved by children.,这只猫由简照看。,The cat is looked after by Jane.,英语动词有两种语态：,主动语态,(the Active Voice),被动语态,(the Passive Voice),What,is it?,A. 主动语态表示主语是动作的,执行者,。,B. 被动语态表示主语是动作的,承受者,。,We planted the tree.,The tree was planted by us.,We speak English.,主语,谓语,宾语,English is spoken,by,us.,主语,谓语,宾语,主动语态,被动语态,当主语是动作的执行者时，动词用主动语态（Active Voice）；如果主语是动作的承受者，动词便用被动语态（Passive Voice）。,We cleaned the classroom yesterday.,昨天我们打扫了教室。,The classroom was cleaned by us yesterday.,昨天教室被我们打扫了。,Many students,study,English,.(主动语态),English,is studied,by many students,.(被动语态),When,to use it?,（1）当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或 没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。,（2）当我们需要强调动作承受者，而不是,动作的执行者。,这本词典被保存完好,(不需要说明是谁保存的),。,这些书是在二十世纪二十年代发现的。,（强调书被发现而不是强调由谁发现）,The dictionary,is,well,kept,.,These book,were found,in the 1920s.,被动语态的用法:,A note was passed up to the speaker.,1.强调动作的承受者;,如,Table tennis is played all over China.,English is spoken by many people.,2.不需要指出动作的执行者或动作的执行者难以说出或不必说出.,如，Another bridge has been built across the Changjiang River.,The Party was founded on July 6,1924.,the Structure,is,助动词be+及物动词的过去分词,(be+V.P.P),2)被动语态的结构：,被动语态由“,助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成,，助动词be有人称、数的变化,其变化规则与be作为连系动词时一样。,如：The desk,is made,of wood.,The desks,are made,of wood.,He,is asked,a question by the teacher.,I,was given,a nice present by my friend yesterday,.,在改写中应注意：,1.把,原,来的,宾语,提到前面作被动语态的,主语,;,2.把动词变成“,be,+ 过去分词,”;,3.主动语态中的,主语,变为介词,by,的,宾语,。,典型题例,例1 将下列句子改为被动语态。,We,clean our classroom every day.,Our classroom is cleaned (by us) every day.,主变被解题步骤:,1. 找宾语 -,即动作的承受者,They,make,shoes,in that factory,.,Shoes,2. 判断宾语的单复数 -,即be动词的单复数.,are,were,3. 判断动词的时态 -,即be动词的时态.,4. 修改谓语的时态 -,即原句动词改为过去分词,made,5. 修改原句的主语 -,即by+ 主语.,by them.,Tom,broke,the window,.,The window,was broken,by Tom,.,Tom,broke,the windows,.,The windows,were broken,by Tom,.,He,broke,the windows,.,The windows,were broken,by,him,.,一般现在时的被动语态：,am,/,are,/,is,+,过去分词,People play football all over the world.,2. Mr. Green teaches us this term.,Football,all over the world,.,We,this term.,is played,by people,are taught (by Mr. Green),一般过去时的被动语态：,was,/,were,+,过去分词,4. People built the Great Wall long ago.,5. Two years ago we used the machinesto make shoes for children.,The Great Wall,long ago.,Two years ago those machines,shoes,for children.,was built (by people),were used (by us) to make,一般将来时的被动语态：,will,/,be going to,+ be +,过去分词,6. We will write a diary next class.,7. Tom is going to hold a birthday party.,A diary,next class.,A birthday party,.,will be written (by us),is going to held by Tom,情态动词的被动语态：,must,/,have to,/,can等,+ be +,过去分词,8. You must throw the broken pottery away at once.,9. We have to finish our homework on time.,The broken pottery,at once.,Our homework,.,must be thrown away (by you),has to be finished (by us) on time,He,rides,the motorbike to his factory every day.,The motorbike,is ridden,to his factory every day,.,We,call,the snowman Mr Strong.,The snowman,is called,Mr Strong.,We usually,hear,him,play,in the next room,.,He,is,usually,heard,to,play,in the next room.,2.,They,bought,ten computers,last term,Ten computers,were bought,(,by them,) last term.,一般过去时：S+was/were +过去分词,He,bought,his friend some fruits yesterday.,His friend,was bought,some fruits yesterday.,Some fruits,were bought,for his friend yesterday.,4,Aby,can take good care of,Tina,Tina,can be taken good care of,by Aby.,情态动词：,S+ can/may/must/should + be+过去分词,He,can carry,the basket easily.,The basket,can be,easily,carried,by him.,They,can sing,some beautiful songs.,Some beautiful songs,can be sung,by them.,“We,must put,them in the fridge.”The dogs thought .,“They,must be put,in the fridge.”The dogs thought.,3.,They,will finish,the work,in ten days.,The work,will be finished,(,by them,),in ten days.,一般将来时：,S+ will+be+过去分词,1.People use knives for cutting things.,Knives _ _ for cutting things.,2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month.,The windows of their classroom_ _ twice a month.,are used,are,cleaned,(变被动语态）,七嘴八舌,3.I found the ticket on the floor.,_,_ _ _ _,on the,floor.,4.I told her to return the book in time,.,She _ _ to return the book,in time.,The ticket was found,was told,3. We found the ticket on the floor .,5. His doctor made him have only two meals a day.,He _ _ _ _ only two meals a day.,6.Now people can use computers to help them.,Now computers _ _ _ to help them.,was made to have,can be,used,7. Did you plant many trees at this time last year?,_ _ _ _ at this time last time?,8.Must we finish our work today?,_ our work_ _ today?,Were many trees planted,Must be finished,9. The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps.,1) _ _ _ some wonderful stamps.,2) Some wonderful stamps _ _ _ _.,we were given,were,given to us,10.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer.,Tom _ _ to turn on the computer.,11.In this factory women do most of the work.,Most of the work _ _ by women in this factory.,was asked,is done,12.He can mend the bike in two days.,The bike _ _ _ in two days.,13.You must take this medicine three times a day.,This medicine _ _ _ three times a day.,can be mended,must be,taken,14.The students in this school study German.,German _ _ by the students in this school.,15.Do they often talk about this question?,_ this question often _ about _ _?,is studied,Is,talked,by them,Answer right or wrong,1.必须照看好孩子们。,The children,must be taken good care,.( ),The children,must be taken good care of,.( ),2.这本书是鲁迅写的。,This book,was wrote,by Lu Xun.( ),This book,was written,by Lu Xun.( ),3.昨天那支笔是他给我的。,That pencil,was given me,by him yesterday.( ),That pencil,was given to me,by him yesterday.( ),W,R,W,R,W,R,4.这辆自行车能修吗？,Can this bike,mended,?( ),Can this bike,be mended,?( ),5.街道已由他们清理了。,The street has been cleaned by,they,.( ),The street has been cleaned by,them,.(,),W,R,W,R,四几种值得注意的被动语态变化,带复合宾语的被动语态结构,（）,make,sb,. do,sth.,sb.,be made to do,sth.,Mr Green,made,Jim,do,his homework at home.,Jim,was made to do,his homework,by Mr Green,at home.,watch let have,hear see notice,一些特殊结构的被动结构:,（1）,感觉动词(hear, see等)改被动语态,（2）,使役动词(let, make等)改被动语态,如动词为 make, see, hear, watch 等，后接,宾语补足语为不带“to”不定式时，,变被动,语态时要加上“to”,。如：,I saw him,fall off the tree,.,He was seen,to,fall off the tree,.,思 考 2：,12,I usually hear her sing English songs in the morning.,She,in,the morning.,is usually heard,to,sing English songs,14,He makes her horse work all day.,Her horse,all day.,15. My father let me go out for a picnic.,I,out for a picnic.,is made,to,work,was let,to,go,口诀：,这些动词真奇怪，主动句中to 离开，被动句中to回 来。（hear, let，have, make, see, watch),help sb,(to) V -,be helped,to V.,He helped the old man,(to) clean,the room.,The old man was helped,to clean,the room.,(2) see sb. doing sth. sb. be seen doing sth.,I,saw,him,playing,football at that moment.,He,was seen playing,football at that moment.,hear / watch /.,三，带有双宾语的主动语态变被动语态时,直接或间接宾语都可做主语,注意间接宾语前加 to或for.,My mother bought me a new bike.,=I was bought a new bike by my mother.,=A new bike was bought,for,me by my mother.,Jack has given Tom a book.,=A book has been given,to,Tom by Jack.,=Tom has been given a book by Jack.,带有双宾语（宾语既有人又有物）的被动结构是,:,（1）将,间接宾语,(人)变为主语，直接宾语(物)不变。,（2）将,直接宾语(物),变为主语，一般要在间接宾语前加介词,to,或,for,.,Bob,sent,Kate,a letter,last year.,=Kate,was sent,a letter,by Bob,last year.,=,A letter,was sent,to Kate,by Bob,last year.,tell ask bring write,give send show teach pass lend,to,He told Jim a story.,Mum,made,me,a new dress,.,I,was made,a new dress,by Mum.,A new dress,was made,for,me by Mum,.,make buy,draw sing,for,I bought my brother a book.,buy, make, get, sing,思考,1,：将下列的主动句变为被动语态：,10,We gave him some books.,He,.,Some books,.,was given some books (by us),were given,to,him (by us),注意:,约翰打开了收音机。,John,turned on,the radio.,The radio,was turned on.,奶奶照看我姐姐。,Grandma,takes care of,my sister.,My sister,is taken care of,by,Grandma.,注：,动词短语变被动语态时,千万不要遗漏介词或副词。,We,must speak to,old people politely.,Old people,must be spoken to,politely.,必背！,动词短语的被动语态,take care of,be taken care of,cut down,be cut down,laugh at,be laughed at,look after,be looked after,They said,that he would come back soon.,It was said,that he would come back soon.,类似的还有：It is reported /,believed /,hoped /,supposed that .,We report,1). 不及物动词没有被动语态。,如：belong,happen, take place, last, come true, remain, succeed, fall, die, arrive,break out, appear, last, start,等。,* Great changes,have taken place,in this city.,* That bike,doesnt belong to,Mike.,不用被动语态的几种情况：,不用被动语态的几种情况：,2) 表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态,have / fit,I,have,a TV set.,The coat,fits,me well.,3）,祈使句一般没有被动语态。,【正】Look at the blackboard，please,【误】The blackboard is looked at by you,不用被动语态的几种情况：,4.系动词没有被动态和进行时态,这鱼味道很好。,这条围巾摸上去很软。,The fish,tastes,good.,The scarf,feels,soft.,5.反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。例如：,【正】You must look after yourself,【误】Yourself must be looked after,4.某些动词形式是主动，但含有被动的意思。,这书很好卖。,这种布很好洗。,The book,sells,well.,This kind of cloth,washes,very well.,这书卖完了。,The book,is sold,out.,这块表需要修理一下。,The watch,needs mending .,=The watch,needs to be mended,.,=We,need to mend the watch.,want,知 识 运 用,一、单项选择：,1. Only thirty-eight ideas,by the,newspaper.,A. choose B. chose,C. was chosen D. were chosen,2. As usual, Meihua,at 6:30 this,morning by her mother to get ready for,school.（2006）,A.,has woken up B. woke up,C. wakes up D. was woken up,D,D,3,A neighbour helped to keep our dog. It,while we were on holiday. (2005),A. was taken care B. took care of,C. is taken care of D. was taken care of,4. At the end of the meeting Miss,Green,two minutes to decide whether she should join the project or not. (2004),A.gave B. had given,C. was given D. was giving,D,B,5. Mr. Johnsons story,by everyone who heard it.(2003),A. laughed at B. was laughed,C. laughed D. was laughed at,D,二、请把下面句子改为被动语态,1.,They showed Jack carefully how to use it.,Jack,carefully,how to use it.,2. Beijing will hold the 29,th,Olympic Games in 2008.,The 29,th,Olympic,Games,in 2008.,was showed,will be held by Beijing,3. Miss Deng teaches us English.,.,.,4. They saw the boy playing basketball at 3:00 yesterday.,The boy,_,_ at,3:00 yesterday.,We are taught English by Miss Deng,was seen,to,play basketball,English is taught,to,us by Miss Deng,5. We should make our country become more and more beautiful., Our country,more and more beautiful.,should be made,to,become,练习：将下列主动语态改为被动语态句子。,The computer club held a writing competition(,竞赛）,.,The fastest player finished the game in eight hours .,We took many photos.,They use this room for playing table tennis.,The bank built a park for them.,A writing competition,was held,by the computer club.,The game,was finished,by the fastest player in eight hours .,Many photos,were taken,by us.,A park,was built,for them by the bank.,This room,is used,for playing table tennis by them.,中考被动语态考题,1.The river smells terrible. People must _ dirty thing,into it.(南京市中考题）,A be stopped to throw,B be stopped from throwing,C stop to throw,D stop from throwing,2.This book _ often _from the library.(北京市中考题）,A arent take away B taken away,C isnt taken away D be taken away,3.He _ _ (tell) to return his books to the library yesterday. (黄冈市中考题）,was told,5. Another man-made satellite was sent up into space by them last week (济南市中考题）, another man-made satellite into space last week.变主动语态,7.People there planted many trees last year.,Trees _ _ by people there last year.,(青岛市中考题）,8. They grow vegetables on the farm.,The vegetables _ _on the farm（上海市中考题）,T,They sent up,were planted,are grown,一、选择正确答案：,1. Do you know what _?,A. it calls B. does it call C.it is called D. is it called,2. My lost car _ yesterday.,A. will be found B. was found,C. has found D. found,3. Who,was the book _?,A .written by B. will be write by,C. has been written with D. can be written by,4. An English song _ on the radio yesterday.,A.will teach B. was taught,C.has taught D. can be teach,C,B,A,B,二、用所给词的正确形式填空,。,(cover,invent, answer, write, return, call),1. All the questions_ correctly.,2. More than two thirds of the earth _ with water.,3. Our city,Beijing.,4. All the magazines _ to the school library last week.,5. This new mechine(机器）_ by Mr. Black last year.,6. All the words,on the back of the card.,is covered,were returned,was invented,was answered,is called,are written,5)Exercises:,一.选择填空:,Windows_ of glass.,be made B. is made C. are made D. been made,2. The house_ in 2004.,is built B. is building C. was built D. used,3. A coat can_ for keeping warm.,be used B. is used C. been used D. used,C,C,A,4. Watches_ Shanghai last long.,A. are made in B. is made,C. are made from D. made,5. This desk is made _ wood.,A. of B. from C. in D. by,6. The things on show were _ the old days.,A. used B. used to C. used for D. used in,7. Silk _ in Hangzhou and Suzhou.,A. is produced B. are produced,C. produced D. is produces,A,A,D,A,1.Our school _in 2002.(开办),2.The young trees must_well.(照顾),3. _ this building_(建成)last year?,4.The book _ _(写)by him last year.,5. The bridge,_ _(,不建造)in1989.,6.The 29th Olympic Games will_ _,(举行) in Beijing in 2008.,was opened,be looked after,Was,built,was written,wasnt built,be held,用所给动词的正确形式填空：,1) The bike _(fix) up by Xiao,Ming yesterday.,2) Sunglasses _ (use) for,protecting peoples eyes.,3) A picture _(put) up on the,blackboard.,4) French_ (speak) in France.,5) Teenagers should _(allow) to,choose their own clothes.,was fixed,are used,is put,is spoken,be allowed,练习一 请把下列的主动句变为被动句（注意时态的一致）,1 He wrote an article last week.,An article was written by him last week.,2 The people make history.,History is made by people.,3 Do people use Chinese only in China?,Is Chinese used by people only in China?,4 They didnt visit the city two years ago.,The city wasnt visited by them two years ago.,5 Where did you make them?,Where were they made by you?,一 用适当的形式填空,1 History is _ by the people. ( make),2 He is often _ to do the work by the teacher. (ask),3 The book _ by him last year. ( write ),4 The radio _ last week. ( mend),5 Some trees _ on the hill this spring. (plant),6 A new subway _ (build) next year.,7 She _ (take) to the hospital already.,8 Thousands of satellites _ (send) up into the space so far.,9 They said they _ (invite) to the party already.,10 The trains _( produce) in Zhuzhou.,11 Young trees should _(water) often.,made,asked,was written,was mended,have been planted,will be built,has been taken,have been sent,had been invited,are produced,be watered,Multiple Choice:,1. ( ) If the work _,you can go and play games.,A. finished B. has finished C. will be finished D. is finished,2. ( ) It was raining heavily outside, the children were made _,in the classroom.,4. ( ) To make our city more beautiful, rubbish _ into the river.,A. neednt be thrown B. mustnt be thrown,C. cant throw D. may not throw,5. ( ) I like my bike. It _ very well.,A. rides B. is riding C. is ridden D. has ridden,D,B,B,A,3. ( ) Kate _ the letter before her mother came into her bedroom.,A. has written B. was written C. had written D. is writing,A. stay B. to stay C. staying D. stayed,C,6. ( ) I wont come to the party unless Tom _, too.,You mean if Tom comes ,youll come.,8. ( ) The children must _.,9. ( ) The woman still doesnt know what _ in her hometown,D,D,B,A. will invite B. invites C. invited D. is invited,7. ( ) Everyone who heard Mr. Greens story _ it.,A. laughed at B. was laughed C. laughed D. was laughed at,A,A. happens B. happened C. will happen D. was happened,while she was away.,A. look after B. be taken good care,C. look the same D. be taken good care of,10. ( ) I saw you were on foot this morning.,Yes. My bike _.,A. is mending B. is being mended,C. is mended D. is being mending,B,1.,Alexander Graham Bell,invented,the telephone in 1876.,The telephone,was invented,by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876.,2. The manager,has,not,signed,the papers.,The papers,have,not,been signed,by the manager.,主 + 谓 + 宾,3. I,posted,that letter last night.,That letter,was posted,last night.,4. They,know,that he is an expert.,It is known,that he is an expert.,有时by可以省略.,主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾,1. He,told,her a long story.,She,was told,a long story.,A long story,was told,to,her.,2. Mother,bought,me a new coat.,I,was bought,a new coat.,A new coat,was bought,for,me.,Did,he,finish,the work yesterday?,Were the books taken away by the girl?,Did,the girl,take,away the books,?,Was the window broken by Tom?,_ Tom_ the window?,Did break,Was the work finished by him yesterday？,Do they often talk about this question?,_ this question often _ about _ _?,Is,talked,by them,Doesnt Bob clean the street every day?,_ the street _ by Bob every day?,Isnt cleaned,He told us to get to school early.,Our parents ask us to stay at home at night.,We were told,to get to school early by him.,We are asked,to stay at home at night.,-Did you go to the party?,-No, I _(invite),wasnt invited,The bridge _,in three weeks,.,(finish),You can go out if your homework _(do),will be finished,is done,This is one of the things that _(see) that day.,were seen,When was PRC _(found)?,was seen,This is,th only,one of the things that _(see) that day.,founded,You should get your shoes _(wash),washed,