五、褒贬正反译法音译意译移译

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,词语的翻译,词意褒贬译法,词意正反译法,音译意译移译,合分视而不见,1,词意的褒贬译法,在英汉两种语言里都有很多表达褒义和贬义的词语。如光明正大（fairness）、鬼鬼祟祟(stealthy)等。译文的褒贬意要以原作者的立场为依据， 而不能以译者的立场为转移,。,2,词语本身定褒贬,Do you know how Franklin proved the lightning rod-by letting some electricity pass down his kite string ? That act made him famous in the world .,你知道富兰克林怎样证明避雷针的吗-他通过风筝线把电传下来。这个实验使他享誉全世界。,Hitler was the notorious war monger in the War World II 。,希特勒是第二次世界大战时期臭名昭著的战争狂人。,3,语言环境定褒贬,英语中词语的褒贬意义大部分都是通过上下文来确定的。语言环境对词语的褒贬意义起决定作用。因此我们要正确理解原文，把原文中的褒贬意义翻译出来。,4,语言环境定褒贬,Those blackguards are as cunning as a fox.,Her girl friend gave him a cunning smile while speaking.,With cunning hands the sculptor shaped the little statue.,这些流氓像狐狸一样狡猾。,她女友说着话，给他一个迷人的微笑。,雕刻家用灵巧的双手雕成了这座小巧的雕像。,5,语言环境定褒贬,It was mid-August and the subject for discussion was the future of the aggressors.,They became less discouraged when they realize they themselves can make a better future.,当时是八月中旬，他们讨论的题目是侵略者的下场。,当他们意识到自己也可以创造更美好的前程时，他们不再灰心丧气了。,6,词义正反译法,要想翻译英语的否定句，必须要弄清楚否定的是什么。因此理解在翻译否定句时至关重要。有些形式上是否定谓语，实际上却是否定其他成分。,The earth does not move round in empty space。,地球在空无一物的空间不转动。,地球不是在空无一物的空间中转动的。,7,英语的显性否定表达法:,名词 a lack of, absence of , vacancy, exclusion, deprivation,动词 avoid, ban, call off, cancel, deny, deprive, exclude, escape, evade, forbid, fail, hate, ignore, lack, lose, miss, neglect, prohibit, quit, refuse, rid, stop.,8,英语的显性否定表达法,形容词 absent, bare, empty, poor, vacant ,free from, far from, last,副词no, not, neither, nor, nowhere,介词 beyond, (debate, control, ), out of (breath, control, sight), past repair,代词 nobody, none, nothing,9,汉语的显性否定表达法,不、未、否,非、没、免,无、勿、莫,没有、失,缺、禁、忌,戒，别，毋,10,隐性否定,It is anybodys guess.,这事谁也不清楚。,My guess is as good as yours.,我们俩都不知道。,She bears her age well!,他一点也不显老！,11,隐性否定,I dare him to jump!,我量他不敢跳！,I will buy it.,我回答不出，我不晓得（回答问题或者猜谜）,But that I saw it, I would not have believed it.,要不是亲眼目睹，我还不相信呢。,12,对应译法,There is no smoke without fire.,无风不起浪。,No pains, no gains.,不劳不获。,Those who live in the glass house should not throw stones.,住在玻璃房内，不要投石伤人。 (自己有弱点，勿揭他人短。),13,反意正说,The importance of the computer can not be estimated too high!,计算机太重要了！,Suddenly he heard a sound behind him, and realized he was not alone in the garage.,他突然听见背后有声响，便意识到车库里还有别人。,14,反意正说,That man is unfamiliar to me.,那个人我很陌生。,He is an indecisive person.,他优柔寡断。,Nothing is easier than fault-finding.,吹毛求疵最简单。,15,正意反说,That is too much!,我受不了啦！,Appearances are deceptive.,外表是靠不住的。,He offered us a lame excuse.,他的借口根本站不住脚。,16,正意反说,He continued to look absently at the sea.,他一直心不在焉地看着大海。,Their explanation is far from being satisfactory.,他们的解释不能令人满意。,In the high altitude snow and ice remain all year.,在高海拔地区， 冰雪常年不化。,17,否定强调,The outcome of the experiment was not half bad.,实验的结果相当好。,He never came anywhere near knowing what it was.,他根本不懂得这是什么。,The earth does not pull the kitten to it nearly as much as it pulls a big rock.,地球对小猫的引力远远没有对一快巨石的引力那么大。,18,音译法:,全音译,radar,雷达,modern,摩登,tango,探戈,19,全音译,logic,逻辑,nicotine,尼古丁,Caf,咖啡,Nylon,尼龙,20,全音译,Guitar,吉他,Salon,沙龙,Waltz,华尔兹,Typhoon,台风,21,全音译,Benz,奔驰,talk show,脱口秀,Party,派对,Chocolate,巧克力,22,全音译,coca-cola,可口可乐,Humor,幽默,Hysteria,歇斯底里,23,全音译,Gene,基因,Tank,坦克,Bus,巴士,24,全音译,Vitamin,维他命,shock,休克,Boeing,波音,Sauna,桑拿,25,全音译,Cartoon,卡通,Jazz,爵士,Amitobha,阿弥陀佛,Tatami,榻榻米,26,全音译,Dumas,杜马,Latin,拉丁语,Hollywood,好莱坞,smart,时髦,system,系统,27,全音译,Sonar,声纳,Pepsi Cola,百事可乐,Engine,引擎,Hacker,黑客,28,全音译,Bandage,绷带,Utopia,乌托邦,pump,泵,Copy,拷贝,29,全音译,brandy,白兰地,Carat,克拉,Ton,吨,30,全音译,Pound,磅,ampere,安培（电流强度单位）,Joule,焦耳（能量单位）,Hertz,赫兹（频率单位）,Watt,瓦特（功率单位）,31,全音译,Calorie,卡路里（热量单位）,Ohm,欧姆（电阻单位）,Volt,伏特（电压单位）,32,全音译,Rupee,卢比,Dinar,第纳尔,Google,谷哥,Mosaic,马赛克,33,全音译,汤圆,tangyuan,衙门,yamen,阴阳,Yin (Yang),福娃,Fuwa,34,全音译,旗袍,Qipao,太极,Taiji,乌纱,Wusha,35,意译逐字译,Salt Lake City,盐湖城,White House,白宫,Black Sea,黑海,Red River Valley,红河谷,36,意译逐字译,Silicon Valley,硅谷,Fleet Street,舰队街道,West Point,西点,Midway Islands,中途岛,Yellowstone Park,黄石公园,37,意译逐字译,Oxford,牛津,Iceland,冰岛,Pearl Harbor,珍珠港,Pacific Ocean,太平洋,38,意译逐字译,Indian Ocean,印度洋,Cape of Good Hope,好望角,Watergate,水门,Golden Gate,金门,39,音译加意译,Miniskirt,迷你裙,Internet,因特网,Rhode Island,罗得岛,Wall Street,华尔街,40,音译加意译,Washington post,华盛顿邮报,Uncle Sam,山姆大叔,Uncle Tom,汤姆大叔,41,意译加音译,New Zealand,新西兰,New Delhi,新德里,Kilocalorie,千卡,42,音译加类别词,Jeep,吉普车,Hippies(Hippy),嬉皮士,Carbine,卡宾枪,43,音译加类别词,Ballet,芭蕾舞,Mississippi,密西西比河,hamburger,汉堡包,Nile,尼罗河,44,音译加类别词,Amazon,亚马逊河,Himalayas,喜马拉雅山,The Alps,阿尔卑斯山,45,音译加类别词,Cigar,雪茄烟,sauna,桑拿浴,Golf,高尔夫球,Sardine,沙丁鱼,46,音译加类别词,Bikini,比基尼泳装,Koala,考拉熊,Kiwi,几维鸟,47,移译加类别词,U形管,U盘,VCD盘,CD盘,48,移译,MP3,Windows 98,E-mail,IT,VIP,OK,vs.,P. K.,P.S.,49,移译加意译,X-ray,X射线,50,分合移位法,All the basis of trust is loyal give and take.,信任的基础全在于真诚的给予和公平的索取。,Thank you for your advice and counsel.,谢谢你的忠告。,The president of the university has watched the soaring real-estate prices in Silicon Valley prompt a steady exodus of his staff.,硅谷地区房产价格飞涨。校长眼看着教职员工纷纷离去,。,51,分合移位法,My father was not wrong in judging me too young to manage business of importance.,父亲认为我太年轻，还做不了大事。他算说对了。,A growing minority of Western intellectuals agreed.,越来越多的西方知识分子同意这种看法，虽然在数量上他们还是少数。,52,分合移位法,I see them guarding their homes where mothers and wives prayor ,yes, for there are times when all prayfor the safety of their loved ones, the return of the,bread-winner,of their champion, of their protector;,我看见俄罗斯士兵在捍卫着自己的家园。家中的母亲、妻子在为她们深爱的亲人祈祷，-哦，是的，艰难的时刻，人们都会这样祈祷-,为她们的儿子祈祷、为她们的丈夫祈祷、,为她们的英雄祈祷、为她们的保护者祈祷，期盼他们能平安归,来；,53,分合移位法,I want to thank my partner in this journey, a man who campaigned from his heart and spoke for the men and women he grew up with on the streets of Scranton and rode with on that train home to Delaware, the vice-president-elect of the United States, Joe Biden.,我要感谢我的竞选伙伴、美国当选副总统乔拜登。他全心全意投入竞选，他要替那些与他一起在斯兰顿街长大的邻里说话，替那些与他一起坐火车回特拉华州的乡亲代言。,54,视而不见法,He,complained,of slight chest pains.,他抱怨说有点胸痛。,他说有点胸痛。,That is the room I,shared,with Tom.,那是我和汤姆共享的卧室。,那是我和汤姆的卧室。,People were,variously,impressed, interested, outraged, frightened, and perplexed by my argument.,我的观点让有的人印象深刻，有的人兴趣盎然，有的人怒不可遏，有的人惊恐万状，有的人迷惑不解。,55,视而不见法,We passed two neighbors. Havel nodded to both wishing them a good day.,我们走过两个邻居。哈维向他们点点头，以示问候。,The western system is characterized by the existence of competitive elections.,西方制度的一个特点就是竞选。,56,无中生有,You are what you do. ( You do what you are.),你的行为揭示了你的为人。（你肯定要这样做，这是你的为人决定的。）,The baby pawed inquisitively at the lively image on the screen.,那小孩胡乱地抓着屏幕，想知道里面怎么会有东西在动。,He came out with a political smile.,他出来了，脸上带有政客（政治家）惯有的微笑。,Powell has a gift of presence. When he walked in, people sat up, straightened their ties, held their breath in anticipation.,鲍威尔天生就有魅力。他进来时，人们挺挺身子，整整领带，屏住呼吸，对他充满期待。,57,